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EMISSION LINE VELOCITY FIELD OF THE MAGELLANIC IRREGULAR GALAXY NGC 4449
SASAKI MINORU,OHTANI HIROSHI,SAITO MAMORU,OHTA KOUJI,YOSHIDA MICHITOSHI,SHIMIZU TASUHlRO,KOYANO HISASHI,KOSUGI GEORGE,AOKI KENTARO,SASAKI TOSHIYUKI The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1
The imaging spectroscopic observations of the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 were made to show the detailed kinematic structure of the galaxy. Many filamentary structures and Several bubble-like structures are recognized in a 3D data cube of H$\alpha$ emission line. Velocity field shows the kpc-scale mosaic structure and counter- rotation of ionized gas.
Sasaki, H.,Horiguchi, K.,Takahashi, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.7
The effects of different feeding ratios of concentrate (C) and roughage (R) on balance of long chain fatty acids and microbial fatty acids in the rumen of sheep were investigated. The diets were divided into 8:2 (concentrate feeding), 4:6 (middle mixture) and 0:10 (roughage feeding) ratios (C:R). Duodenal digesta was collected through 24 hours after feeding. Biohydrogenation rate, total duodenal flow of fatty acids and microbial fatty acids were measured. Total duodenal flow of fatty acids was significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing concentrate. Total duodenal flow of fatty acid was greater than intake of fatty acid in all diets. In comparison with intake of each fatty acid, duodenal flow of stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) remarkably increased in all diets. Biohydrogenation rate for total C18 unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen tended to increase (p<0.10) when sheep were fed the middle mixture. In particular, biohydrogenation rate of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) with the middle mixture were highest (p<0.05) compared with other diets. Duodenal flow of protozoal fatty acids was significantly (p<0.05) increased with the increased supply of concentrate. That of bacterial fatty acids was significantly (p<0.05) increased with both concentrate diets compared with the roughage feeding diet. $C_{18:0}$ occupied the greater part of both protozoal and bacterial fatty acids in all treatments. Results indicated that biohydrogenation of free unsaturated fatty acids was actively carried out when the middle mixture diet was supplied, and that microbial uptake and synthesis of fatty acids were accelerated by adding the supply of concentrate.
Mitbestimmung und Betriebsgemeinschaft
Sasaki, Michitaka 한독경상학회 2004 經商論叢 Vol.22 No.2
독일의 노사관계시스템은 그 동안 유럽대륙의 전역에 걸쳐 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 예를 들어 오스트리아, 스위스는 물론 네덜란드, 스웨덴, 덴마크, 노르웨이 등에서 공동결정 관련 법률을 제정하였고 이외에 서유럽의 거의 모든 나라에서 공동결정제도를 속속 받아들였다. 심지어는 투쟁적인 사고에 의한 단체교섭을 전개시키는 프랑스까지도 독일의 직장평의회를 비롯한 노사 협력의 방식을 받아들이고 있다. 독일의 노사관계가 시사하는 점은 다음과 같이 정리될 수 있다. 첫째, 법적 질서가 사회적으로 확립되어 있으며 노사관계도 법질서 안에서 형성된다. 둘째, 노동조합이 단일조합이다. 1산업 1노조 원칙과 1기업 1노조 원칙이 있어서 하나의 산업에는 직종과 무관하게 하나의 노조만이 있고, 한 기업의 노동자들은 하나의 노조에만 가입할 수 있다. 이에 따라 노동조합의 통일성이 이루어져 있고 대표성이 확립되어 있기 때문에 근로자들의 단기적인 관심과 인기에 연연하지 않는다. 셋째, 국가의 역할이 적절하다. 국가는 노사관계에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않고 다만 노사관계의 사회적, 법적 환경을 조성할 뿐이다. 대신 국가는 사회정책을 통하여 복지사회의 구현에 힘씀으로서 근로자계층의 복지향상에 기여하며 노사관계의 안정화를 위한 사회간접자본을 형성한다. 넷째, 노동조합 활동이 미치지 못하는 개별기업 수준에서 공동결정제도를 통하여 기업내 노사간의 의사소통을 원활하게 한다. Einige der Kritiken an der Mitbestimmung erfassen ihre wirkliche Situation nicht unbedingt. Der wichtigste Punkt ist der, daβ in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland die Mitbestimmung nicht zu einer neuen Phase der Auseinandersetzung von Arbeit und Kapital, sondern zur Kooperation gefu¨hrt hat. Es ist zu einer unabdingbaren Voraussetzung der Mitbestimmung geworden, daβ Arbeit and Kapital hier Ober die gleichen Rechte verfu¨gen. Jedoch kann es auch vorkommen, daβ - wie Briefs anmerkte - die Gleichberechtigung von Arbeit and Kapital zu neuen Konflikten fu¨hrt. Wenn man nur das Zugesta¨ndnis gleicher Rechte an Arbeit und Kapital betrachtet, kann man nicht erkla¨ren, warum die Mitbestimmung erfolgreich ist, da muβ noch etwas dazukommen. Zur Erkia¨rung muβ man die den Deutschen eigenen Auffassungen vorn Betrieb heranziehen.
The rate-determining step in the dark state recovery process in the photocycle of PYP
Sasaki, Jun,Kumauchi, Masato,Hamada, Norio,Tokunaga, Fumio Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
The last step in the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a spontaneous recovery of the dark state from the active state in which the p-coumaric acid chromophore is thermally isomerized, concomitantly with the deprotona- tion of the chtomophore and the refolding of the protein moicty. For the purpose of understanding the mechanism of the thermal back-isomerization, we have investigated the rate-determining step by analyzing mutant PYPs of Met100, which was previously shown to play a major role in facilitating the reaction (1). The mutation to Lys, Leu, Ala, or Glu decelerated the dark state recovery by 1 to 3 three orders of magnitude. By evaluating temperature-dependence and pH-dependence of the kinetics of the dark state recovery, it was found that the retardation by mutations resulted from elevation of the activation enthalpy ( H$\^$┿/) and that the pKa of the chromophore, which was affected by the mutation, is in a linier correlation with the amplitude of the rate constants. It was, therefore, deduced from the correlation that the free energy for crossing the activated state in the dark recovery process is proportional to the free energy for the deprotonation of the chromophore, identifying the rate-determining step as the deprotonation of the chromophore. (1) Devanathan, S. Genick, U. K. Canestrelli, I. L. Meyer, T. E. Cusanovich, M. A. Getzoff, E. D. Tollin, G., Biochemistry 1998, 37, 11563 - 11568
The Writing System of an Artificial Language : For Efficient Orthographic Processing
Sasaki, Miho Institute for University Language Sejong Instituti 2003 Journal of Universal Language Vol.4 No.1
The major purpose of this paper is to explore the role of orthography in language and to propose new approaches to the development of an artificial language in relation to reading and spelling. Recent second language acquisition research has shown evidence that orthography is one of the most important features for acquisition of reading skills. For many years, effects of orthographic regularity on efficiency of language processing have been underestimated. This paper looks at the relationship between orthography and phonology across languages and examines what is the optimal writing system. The writing system of Esperanto is also investigated in terms of orthographic regularity to uncover possibility of a simpler writing system.