A Comparative Study of Compliment Responses between Chinese and Korean EFL Learners

Zhang, In-Jun 부산외국어대학교 외국어연구소 2021 외국어연구 Vol.34 No.-

This study focused on investigating the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean L2 learners shows that there’s no universal pattern that can be used to describe the two groups’ CRs. Both the two groups response to compliments in the following preference sequence, Accept, Evade and Reject. As for micro levels, Chinese L2 learners made more use of Accept strategies while Korean L2 learners used Evade more. Due to different second language acquisition methods, Chinese L2 learners showed to have a more direct attitude towards accepting compliments. However, there are still some limitations in this study. First, the sample of participants is a little bit small. Based on Tang and Zhang’s study (2009), there are people who prefer to use Reject. However, in this study, there were no Reject responses among all the Chinese L2 learners’ replies. This, to some degree, may influence the results and comparative analyses of the two groups. Second, before the DCT, the background survey asked the participants whether they had experiences of being in English speaking countries and why they came there. However, this variable is not analyzed in the study. Since there is no standard criterion for personal experience, it’s difficult to know how much personal experience will influence participants’ expressions. Finally, although the DCT is designed as short as possible, it’s undeniable that it still takes participants some time to finish it. Whether the participant expresses all he/she wants to or not is hard to know and this is also a possible variable that has influences on the experimental data. Further research on the CRs of Chinese L2 learners and Korean L2 learners needs a more sophisticated and accurate experiment design and I hope this study, though imperfect, can be of some help to relevant research. Key words: EFL. compliment response, speech act

객체 관계형 데이타베이스 관리 시스템을 이용한 디지털 앨범의 설계 및 구현

이준서,장염승,한기준 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.25 No.-

As the storage capacity of a computer system is rapidly increasing and the cost of computer hardware is decreasing continuously, users can easily manage multimedia data on the personal computer. Especially, various image view programs are widely used to manage image files at the present time. However, since most of these programs do not use a database management system(DBMS), it is very difficult for users to use them efficiently. In this paper, we designed and implemented a Digital Album by using an object-relational database management system, called PARODY(Persistent, Almost, Relational Object Database sYstem) that implements a persistent object database with a relatively simple interface to its C++ class library. Since PARODY is used as a data storage manager of the Digital Album, users can manage(i.e., insert, update, and delete) an image database and search for the required image data from the image database easily. In addition, we use OWL(Object Windows Library) of Borland C++ to implement the user interface of the Digital Album efficiently.

論中國傳統企業效率問題

康 埈 荣,张守鑫 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 中國硏究所 2005 中國硏究 Vol.35 No.-

A New ent-Kaurane type Diterpenoid Glycoside from Inula japonica Thunb

Jiang Jiang Qin,Jia Xian Zhu,Wei Dong Zhang1,2,Yan Zhu,Jian Jun Fu,Xiao Hua Liu,Hui Zi Jin 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.10

A new ent-kaurane type diterpenoid glycoside, 17-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), together with 17-hydroxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), 16α,17-dihydroxyl-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), and 16α-hydroxy-17-acetoxy-ent- kauran-19-oic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica Thunb. The structure of 1 was determined mainly by use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques including HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY. In addition, 4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 14.3 μg/mL.

<i>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</i> sp. nov., and emended description of the genus <i>Haloactinopolyspora</i>

Zhang, Yong-Guang,Liu, Qing,Wang, Hong-Fei,Zhang, Dao-Feng,Zhang, Yuan-Ming,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Chang-Jin,Li, Wen-Jun International Union of Microbiological Societies 2014 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.64 No.6

<P>A facultatively alkaliphilic actinomycete strain, designated EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample from Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> formed fragmented aerial hyphae and short spore chains, and rod-like spores aggregated at maturity. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained <SMALL>ll</SMALL>-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and glucosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as the marker sugars. The major fatty acids identified (>5 %) were anteiso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, summed feature 4 (iso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>I/anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>B), iso-C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB>. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H<SUB>4</SUB>). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> was 70.6 mol%. EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest phylogenetic neighbour <I>Haloactinopolyspora alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> (98.5 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value of the strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>H. alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> was 59.3±5.2 %. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I>, for which the name <I>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</I> sp. nov. (type strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> = BCRC 16946<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19128<SUP>T</SUP>) is proposed. The description of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I> has also been emended.</P>

Efficient and Cost-effective Production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine by Whole-cell Bioconversion

Junli Zhang,Zhen Cai 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.1

D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (D-HPG) is a widelyused intermediate for the synthesis of semi-synthetic antibiotics. It can be produced from DL-5-p-hydroxyphenylhydantointhrough two sequential enzymatic reactions catalyzed byD-hydantoinase and N-carbamoylase. However, the lowproductivity and high production cost of the currentprocess significantly limit its industrial application. To setup an efficient and cost-effective whole-cell bioconversionprocess for D-HPG production, a recombinant E. coli strainwas constructed by co-expressing D-hydantoinase and Ncarbamoylasefrom Agrobacterium sp. Then a cheapmedium formulation, which uses glycerol and corn steepliquor (CSL) as carbon and nitrogen sources and withoutaddition of any foreign inducer, was developed for highlevel of enzyme expression. Galactose, melibiose, andraffinose in CSL were found to be capable of inducing T7promoter. Moreover, this CSL-containing cheap mediumexhibited higher expression levels than the traditionalLB+IPTG medium for several different enzymes tested,indicating that this medium might be a better alternativeto the commonly used LB+IPTG medium for enzymeexpression under the control of a T7 promoter. Furtheroptimization revealed that low expression temperature notonly increased enzyme expression, but also stabilized theenzyme-expressing cells and the plasmids therein. Wholecellbioconversion was carried out in 55 t water containing1.8 t substrate and the resting cells expressed in 40 tmedium. The specific D-HPG productivity reached 1.68 g/h/gdry cell weight, with a molar yield of 97.8%. To the bestof our knowledge, this is the highest productivity reportedto date and the first description of this process using largescale production.

Studies on Correlation of Chemical Composition of Jasmine Tea, with establishment of Multiple Linear Regression Equations for Sensory Quality

Jun Zhang,De-Song Tang,Shu-Ying Gong,Ying-Bin Zhang,Ping Chen,Zhi-Lei Gu 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

The relationships among the concentrations of chemical compositions, scores of sensory quality and price were studied based on 112 jasmine tea samples. Linear correlation analysis showed that 5 quality attributes (appearance, liquor color, aroma, taste and infused leaves) were positively correlated with each other and to the sum. 5 quality attributes and total quality score were logarithm relevant to price with the coefficients of determination R2 were 0.855, 0.667, 0.836, 0.900, 0.906 and 0.914. The six taste attributes could be grossly divided into two groups. Tenderness, sweetness, freshness and mellowness were grouped showing positive correlation with taste score, total quality score and price, while heaviness and thickness were grouped for opposite correlation. There were positive correlation within the same group and negative correlation between two different groups. The concentrations of polyphenols, amino acid, water extract, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in tea infusions were negatively correlated with tenderness, sweetness, freshness, mellowness, taste score, total quality score and price but positively correlated with heaviness and thickness (except some individual components), while gallic acid (GA) was the opposite. Multiple linear regression equations of taste score and total quality score were established. The back substitution was of high correlation between predicted and actual value and acceptance rate was over 90%. The relationships among the concentrations of chemical compositions, scores of sensory quality and price were studied based on 112 jasmine tea samples. Linear correlation analysis showed that 5 quality attributes (appearance, liquor color, aroma, taste and infused leaves) were positively correlated with each other and to the sum. 5 quality attributes and total quality score were logarithm relevant to price with the coefficients of determination R2 were 0.855, 0.667, 0.836, 0.900, 0.906 and 0.914. The six taste attributes could be grossly divided into two groups. Tenderness, sweetness, freshness and mellowness were grouped showing positive correlation with taste score, total quality score and price, while heaviness and thickness were grouped for opposite correlation. There were positive correlation within the same group and negative correlation between two different groups. The concentrations of polyphenols, amino acid, water extract, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in tea infusions were negatively correlated with tenderness, sweetness, freshness, mellowness, taste score, total quality score and price but positively correlated with heaviness and thickness (except some individual components), while gallic acid (GA) was the opposite. Multiple linear regression equations of taste score and total quality score were established. The back substitution was of high correlation between predicted and actual value and acceptance rate was over 90%.

Research on the Chinese Folk Dress “Wu Du” Bellyband

Zhang, Shunai;Ye, Junli 한양대학교 2012 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.32 No.1

The bellyband(Refers to the Chinese traditional underwear: 中国传统内衣) with "WuDu" motifs is the unique Chinese folk dress. Snake, centipede, scorpion, gecko, spider, toad (frog) or lizard will be used as motifs on the WuDu bellyband in the folk. We will analyze the WuDu bellyband from the pattern characteristics, modeling and structure, color collocation, manufacturing process and cultural connotation in this paper. Through the study we found that WuDu bellyband is particular in content, the modeling is exaggerated and various, and the color is seemed harmonious and united, embroidered methods and shapes are various. WuDu bellyband was full of wishes of people that hoping their children keep healthy and they can multiply generation by generation. It also express the wisdom and yearning for a better life of the Chinese labor. WuDu bellyband can be considered as the traditional dress which merged the practicality, wish and aesthetic into one.

Macrophages Promote Coal Tar Pitch Extract-induced Tumorigenesis of BEAS-2B Cells and Tumor Metastasis in Nude Mice Mediated by AP-1

Zhang, Peng,Jin, Yue-Fei,Zhang, Qiao,Wu, Yi-Ming,Wu, Wei-Dong,Yao, Wu,Wu, Yong-Jun,Li, Zhi-Tao,Zhao, Yong,Liu, Yu,Feng, Fei-Fei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Background: We sought to evaluate the role of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) on the promotion of coal tar pitch extract (CTPE)-induced tumorigenesis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and tumor metastasis in nude mice, and related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: BEAS-2B cells were first treated with 2.4 mg/mL CTPE for 72 hours. After removal of CTPE, the cells were continuously cultured and passaged using trypsin-EDTA. THP-1 cells were used as macrophage-like cells. BEAS-2B cells under different conditions (n=6/group) were injected into the back necks of nude mice, and alterations of tumor xenograft growth, indicative of tumorigenicity, and tumor metastasis were determined. Pathological changes (tumor nests and microvascular lesions) of HE-stained tumor tissues were also evaluated. The expression of AP-1(c-Jun) in xenografts and metastatic tumors was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Tumor size and weight in nude mice transplanted with the mixture of CTPE-induced passage 30 BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells (2:1) were increased compared to those from the CTPE-treated BEAS-2B cells at passage 30 alone at different observation time points. Tumor metastasis to lymph nodes and liver was only detected after transplantation of a mixture the two kinds of cells. The numbers of tumor nests and microvascular lesions, and the expression levels of AP-1 (c-Jun) in tumors from the mixture of two kinds of cells were increased apparently in contrast to those in tumor from the CTPE-treated BEAS-2B cells of passage 30 alone. In addition, there was positive correlation between AP-1 (c-Jun) expression level and the number of microvascular lesions, or between AP-1 (c-Jun) expression level and tumor metastasis in these two groups. Conclusions: TAMs not only facilitate tumorigenesis transformation of CTPE-induced BEAS-2B cells, but also promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in nude mice in vivo, which may be mediated by AP-1.

Acetylation of Smc3 by Eco1 Is Required for S Phase Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Both Human and Yeast

Zhang, Jinglan,Shi, Xiaomin,Li, Yehua,Kim, Beom-Jun,Jia, Junling,Huang, Zhiwei,Yang, Tao,Fu, Xiaoyong,Jung, Sung Yun,Wang, Yi,Zhang, Pumin,Kim, Seong-Tae,Pan, Xuewen,Qin, Jun Elsevier 2008 Molecular cell Vol.31 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Sister chromatid cohesion is normally established in S phase in a process that depends on the cohesion establishment factor Eco1, a conserved acetyltransferase. However, due to the lack of known in vivo substrates, how Eco1 regulates cohesion is not understood. Here we report that yeast Eco1 and its human ortholog, ESCO1, both acetylate Smc3, a component of the cohesin complex that physically holds the sister chromatid together, at two conserved lysine residues. Mutating these lysine residues to a nonacetylatable form leads to increased loss of sister chromatid cohesion and genome instability in both yeast and human. In addition, we clarified that the acetyltransferase activity of Eco1 is essential for its function. Our study thus identified a molecular target for the acetyltransferase Eco1 and revealed that Smc3 acetylation is a conserved mechanism in regulating sister chromatid cohesion.</P>