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질산 저장탱크 방류벽의 불침투성 콘크리트 바닥에 대한 위험성 평가
신창현 ( Changhyun Shin ),박재학 ( Jai Hak Park ),윤준헌 ( Junheon Yoon ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.3
Considering the chemical reaction between concrete which is the raw material of the dike bottoms and hazardous chemicals, some chemicals can have negative effects on the impermeability of concrete dike bottoms. The impermeable standards for the concrete bottom of dikes have been made in the recent study, but the previous study was based on the exposure test to crude oil which is not corrosive and not related to the chemical reaction. It can be concluded that the test of crude oil can’t represent all kinds of hazardous chemicals, especially highly corrosive chemicals. Meanwhile, this study has conducted the exposure test to nitric acid that is strongly corrosive and very hazardous. The results have showed that nitric acid has been penetrated at the maximum penetration depth of 2.9 cm for 7 days and the impermeable standards are better than the germany standard. Through this study with severe chemical, the scientific basis on the installation standards of all dike bottoms which are generally used in the industry has been obtained.
이재우(Jaewoo Lee),문예련(Ye Ryeon Moon),윤준헌(Junheon Yoon),최경희(Kyunghee Choi),한진석(Jin Seok Han),류지성(Jisung Ryu) 환경독성보건학회 2010 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Neocaridina denticulata is a small freshwater shrimp indigenous to Korea. As an indigenous species has long-adapted to particular water environments, the species can be a suitable indicator to assess environmental risks caused by hazard chemicals in the particular site. Thus Neocaridina denticulata, a small freshwater shrimp indigenous to Korea, is worth considering for a test species for such purpose. N. denticulata were exposed to pentachlorophenol sodium salt, sodium azide and potassium dichromate using automatic flow-through system for 96 hours. The 96 nr lethal concentrations (LC??) of these chemicals were calculated as 0.53±0.09 ㎎/ℓ, 2.40±0.61 ㎎/ℓ and 1.21±0.09 ㎎/ℓ respectively and showed relatively small deviation from repetitive test results. When compared with the toxicity values of other species for each chemical. N. denticulata had moderate or high sensitivity to the toxicity of these chemicals. It can be concluded that N. denticulata is a good test species to evaluate acute toxicity of various hazardous chemicals.
무기산 누출 사고 대응을 위한 탐지 · 분석 방법 연구
이진선(Jin Seon Lee),윤영삼(Young Sam Yoon),정미숙(Mi Suk Jung),안성용(Sung Young Ahn),김기준(Ki Joon Kim),윤준헌(Junheon Yoon),석광설(Kwang-Seol Seok) 한국위험물학회 2014 한국위험물학회지 Vol.2 No.1
There have been frequent chemical leaks over the past 10 years. Particularly, inorganic acids like sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrogen chloride take up 37 % of the total chemical accidents which took place for the past 10 years. When an acid chemical leak happens, fume is generated, diffusing into the air, which might cause serious damage to health of local residents and the environment. However, most of the acid-based chemicals, detecting and analysis methods have not been settled considering the frequency of accidents. In this study, we investigated detection and analysis methods to quickly analyze accident sites and evaluate the impacts on environments. Reviewing local and international test analysis methods of acids suggested that nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride can be analyzed with IC. It was also found that UV is better for the analysis of hydrogen fluoride and GC/MS for acrylic acid. The analytical methods suggested in the official test methods basically have limitations of consuming much time at stages of preparation and analysis. Considering prompt responses to chemical accidents, further studies should be done to compare the applicability of rapid monitoring methods such as FT-IR, IMR-MS and SIFT-MS.
Daphnia magna를 이용한 과불화화합물의 독성평가
김경태(Kyung-Tae Kim),조재구(Jae-Gu Cho),윤준헌(Junheon Yoon),이철우(Chulwoo Lee),최경희(Kyunghee Choi),김현미(Hyun-Mi Kim),류지성(Jisung Ryu) 환경독성보건학회 2010 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the principal chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs). Despite the widespread use of these compounds, relatively little is known about their fate and effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA on Daphnia magna. In the acute toxicity test, D. magna were exposed for 48 hours at concentrations of 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 101.25 and 151.88 ㎎/L PFOS, and 0, 100, 160, 225, 337.5 and 506.25 ㎎/L PFOA, respectively. In the case of chronic toxicity test, D. magna were exposed through water for 21 days at concentrations of 0, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6㎎/L PFOS, and 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ㎎/L PFOA, respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed on the basis of immobility, while chronic toxicity was assessed on the basis of fecundity. The acute toxicity test on PFOS and PFOA showed that the values of EC<SUB>50</SUB> were 50.90 ㎎/L and 253.47 ㎎/L, respectively. In the chronic test, fecundity was reduced significantly at 1.5 ㎎/L of PFOS and 10 ㎎/L of PFOA, respectively. These results indicated that PFOS is more toxic to zooplankton than PFOA, and both chemicals have some hazard demonstrates risk for acute or chronic toxicity to freshwater organism.
정유경(Yu-kyung Jung),허화진(Hwajin Heo),유병태(Byungtae Yoo),윤이(Yi Yoon),윤준헌(Junheon Yoon),마병철(Byungchol Ma) 한국가스학회 2016 한국가스학회지 Vol.20 No.2
암모니아 수용액은 탈질, 의류의 얼룩제거 등 생활전반에 광범위하게 사용되면서 누출사고도 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 여기에서는 누출사고 시 비상대응에 필요한 영향범위를 비교적 정확하면서 신속하게 계산할 수 있는 간이 산정표와 산정식을 개발하였다. ALOHA 프로그램을 이용하여 일반적으로 유통되는 암모니아 수용액의 농도(10 % ~ 30 %)에 따른 영향거리를 액면의 크기(1 m²~500 m²)별로 산정하여 제시하였다. 또한, 농도와 액면의 크기가 영향거리에 미치는 상관관계를 분석하여 해당 값에서 영향거리를 쉽게 계산할 수 있는 산정식을 개발하였다. Aqueous ammonia is widely used in household cleaners, fertilizers and denitrification process. It is usually treated in concentrations from 10 % to 30 %, and release accidents have occurred frequently. In this study, we developed a simplified estimating method and equation to calculate threat zone easily in case of emergency due to release accident of aqueous ammonia. We calculated the consequence distance for toxic endpoints of aqueous ammonia(concentration 10 % ~ 30 %) at different puddle areas(1 m² ~ 500 m²) using the ALOHA program. Based on the result, we analyzed the relationship between concentration and puddle area with the threat zone and created the equation.
화학사고 시 수용체 보호를 위한 독성끝점 농도와 급성독성 자료를 활용한 우려농도 예측값 조사
이지윤(Jiyun Lee),김순신(Sunshin Kim),양원호(Wonho Yang),윤준헌(Junheon Yoon),류지성(Jisung Ryu),김정곤(Jungkon Kim),지경희(Kyunghee Ji) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives: To protect individuals working at the site as well as the surrounding general population from a chemical accident, several emergency exposure guidance levels have been used to set alevel of concern for certain chemicals. However, a level of concern has not been established for many substances that are frequently used or produced in large quantities in Korean workplaces. In the present study, we investigated the guidance levels for protecting populations from chemical exposure and the estimation of level of concern using acute inhalation and oral toxicity data. Methods: The number of chemicals to which emergency exposure guidance levels (e.g., ERPG-2, AEGL-2, PAC-2, and IDLH) can be applied were determined among 822 hazardous chemicals according to the ‘Technical Guidelines for the Selection of Accident Scenarios (revised December 2016)’. The ERPG and AEGL values were compared across all three tiers for the 31 substances that appeared on both lists. We examined the degree of difference between the emergency exposure guidance levels and the estimates of level of concern calculated from acute inhalation or acute oral toxicity data. Results: Among the 822 hazardous chemicals, emergency exposure guidance levels can be applied to 359 substances, suggesting that the estimates of level of concern should be calculated using acute toxicity data for 56.3% of the hazardous chemicals. When comparing the concordance rates of ERPG and AEGL for 31 substances, the difference between the two criteria was generally small. However, about 40% of the substances have values diverging by more than three-fold in at least one tier. Such discrepancies may cause interpretation and communication problems in risk management. The emergency exposure guidance levels were similar to the estimates of level of concern calculated using acute inhalation toxicity data, but the differences were significant when using acute oral toxicity data. These results indicate that the level of concern derived from acute oral toxicity data may be insufficient to protect the population in some cases.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the development of standardized guidance values for emergency chemical exposure in the Korean population should be encouraged. It is also necessary to analyze acute toxicity data and fill the information gaps for substances that are important in Korean workplace situations.