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Naeem, Muhammad,Bae, Junhwan,Oshi, Murtada A,Kim, Min-Soo,Moon, Hyung Ryong,Lee, Bok Luel,Im, Eunok,Jung, Yunjin,Yoo, Jin-Wook Dove Medical Press 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.13 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Colon-targeted oral nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an ideal, safe, and effective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their ability to selectively accumulate in inflamed colonic mucosa. Cyclosporine A (CSA), an immunosuppressive agent, has long been used as rescue therapy in severe steroid-refractory UC. In this study, we developed CSA-loaded dual-functional polymeric NPs composed of Eudragit<SUP>®</SUP> FS30D as a pH-sensitive polymer for targeted delivery to the inflamed colon, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a sustained-release polymer.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>CSA-loaded Eudragit FS30D nanoparticles (ENPs), PLGA nanoparticles (PNPs), and Eudragit FS30D/PLGA nanoparticles (E/PNPs) were prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion method. Scanning electron microscope images and zeta size data showed successful preparation of CSA-loaded NPs.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PNPs exhibited a burst drug release of >60% at pH 1.2 (stomach pH) in 0.5 h, which can lead to unwanted systemic absorption and side effects. ENPs effectively inhibited the burst drug release at pH 1.2 and 6.8 (proximal small intestine pH); however, nearly 100% of the CSA in ENPs was released rapidly at pH 7.4 (ileum–colon pH) owing to complete NP dissolution. In contrast to single-functional PNPs and ENPs, the dual-functional E/PNPs minimized burst drug release (only 18%) at pH 1.2 and 6.8, and generated a sustained release at pH 7.4 thereafter. Importantly, in distribution studies in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice, E/PNPs significantly improved CSA distribution to the colon compared with PNPs or ENPs. In a mouse model of colitis, E/PNP treatment improved weight loss and colon length, and decreased rectal bleeding, spleen weight, histological scoring, myeloperoxidase activity, macrophage infiltration, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared with PNPs or ENPs.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Overall, this work confirms the benefits of CSA-loaded E/PNPs for efficiently delivering CSA to the colon, suggesting their potential for UC therapy.</P>
Oshi, Murtada A.,Naeem, Muhammad,Bae, Junhwan,Kim, Jihyun,Lee, Juho,Hasan, Nurhasni,Kim, Wooseong,Im, Eunok,Jung, Yunjin,Yoo, Jin-Wook Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Oral colon-targeted drug delivery has gained popularity as an effective strategy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we prepared colon-targeted dexamethasone microcrystals (DXMCs) coated with multilayers of chitosan oligosaccharide (CH), alginate (AG), and finally Eudragit S 100 (ES) (ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs) using a layer-by-layer (LBL) coating technique. Particle size, surface charge, <I>in vitro</I> drug release, and <I>in vivo</I> anti-inflammatory activity of ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs were evaluated. ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs had an average particle size of 2.34 ± 0.19 μm and a negative surface charge of - 48 ± 9 mV. ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs demonstrated pH-dependent dexamethasone release, avoiding initial burst drug release in acidic pH conditions of the stomach and small intestine, and providing subsequent sustained drug release in the colonic pH. Importantly, ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs exhibited a significant therapeutic activity in a mouse model of colitis compared to other DXMCs. Overall, the LBL-coated DXMCs presented here could be a promising colon-targeted therapy for IBD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Dexamethasone microcrystals with colon-targeted chitosan/alginate/Eudragit S multilayers were fabricated. </LI> <LI> Unwanted burst release of dexamethasone was prevented in the upper gastrointestinal tract pH. </LI> <LI> Dexamethasone was released in a sustained manner after reaching the colonic pH. </LI> <LI> Excellent therapeutic activity was found in a mouse model of colitis. </LI> </UL> </P>
Yunjung Lee,SuMi Lee,Honggyun Kim,SangYoon Lee,Eunji Kwak,JunHwan Bae,Hayoung Jeong,HyeRin Shin,Youngjae Cho,Mi-Jung Choi 한국산업식품공학회 2018 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2018 No.04
Probiotics are defined as advantageous microorganisms to human when they are ingested. However, without any protection, the viability of microbes and their adhesive ability to surface of colon decreases through acidic condition such as stomach and intestines. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to figure out to enhance not only the viability of probiotics, but also its adhesion for increasing effect of probiotics. In this study, extrusion method was conducted to encapsulate Enterococcus faecium. E. faecium-alginate solution was injected to CaCl2 solution with regular side air injection. To prevent coagulation of beads, stirring was conducted in CaCl2 solution and encapsulated alginate-Ca2+ microspheres were produced. For optimal encapsulation condition, air pressure was 100 mbar, flow rate of E. faecium solution was 0.02 ml/h and stirring rate was 200 rpm. For mucoadhesive ability, Monolayer of HT-29 cells used as a colon cell and encapsulated cells were inoculated and incubated in 37℃, 5% CO2/95% air atmosphere for 1 h. Encapsulation efficiency of the encapsulation method used in this study was 98.2%. For mucoadhesive test, the concentration of inoculated E. faecium was 9.9×108 CFU/ml and the concentration of adhered E. faecium was 1.6×106 CFU/ml. In conclusion, encapsulation efficiency of extrusion method was high enough to be accepted for this study, however, alginate-Ca2+ microspheres revealed lower adhesive ability compared to expectation. Therefore, it needs further studies to increase adhesive ability with other polymers.
보건의료계 학생에서 학업적 대인관계가 학업소진에 미치는 영향
장준환,배선환,김경재,김도영,박준성,이승현,박미라,김도환,Jang, Junhwan,Bae, Seonhwan,Kim, Gyungjae,Kim, Doyoung,Park, Junseong,Lee, Seunghyeon,Park, Mira,Kim, Do-Hwan 연세대학교 의과대학 2019 의학교육논단 Vol.21 No.2
There are several dimensions of academic burnout experienced by medical and health science college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of academic relationships on academic burnout. Data was collected from 476 Eulji University students using an online survey over 4 days in April of 2018. Of the 264 respondents, 111 studied medicine (42.0%), 105 studied nursing (39.8%), and 48 studied clinical pathology (18.1%). The questionnaire was composed of the following sections: demographics (four questions), general life characteristics (seven questions), academic enthusiasm (eight questions), academic relationships (15 questions), and academic burnout sub-dimensions (partially revised Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey Scale) (11 questions). T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were performed to illustrate the differences among the three departments. The effects of academic relationships and academic enthusiasm on academic burnout were analyzed using linear regression. Comparing the three departments, academic burnout was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.296). However, medical students' academic enthusiasm was significantly lower (p<0.001) and academic relationships were significantly higher (p<0.001) than nursing and clinical pathology students. The difference in academic burnout among the three departments was not significant. However, medical students have stronger academic relationships, while nursing and clinical pathology students were more focused on academics. Relationships and academic enthusiasm contribute to reducing academic burnout. Therefore, strategies need to be developed to deal with academic burnout considering relationship factors.
DSC and physical property analysis by mixed ratio of mixed vegetable oil and temperature
Youngjae Cho,Honggyun Kim,Eunji Kwak,Junggyu Lee,Junhwan Bae,SangYoon Lee,Yoon Jung Lee,HeeJeong Choi,Dong Hyeon Park,JingJing Bai,Mi-Jung Choi 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.11
In this study, we investigated the change of physical properties associated with the temperature of vegetable mixed oil and fat in order to produce vegetable oil and fat suitable for plant meat production. The canola oil and coconut oil were mixed at various weight ratios, and the phase change temperatures by the ratio of two oils were measured using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G") and viscosity were measured using a rheometer at 20-40°C and 0.4 Hz-100 Hz. Storage modulus (G') at constant frequency (10 Hz) was measured in a continuous section of 10-50°C. As the coconut oil content increased, the peak of the melting point moved to the lower side. The viscosity was higher in order of canola oil, mixed oil, and coconut oil, and the viscosity showed a tendency to decrease as the temperature increased. In the liquid state, it showed a tendency to increase after the value of storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") decreased from 0.634 Hz-1 Hz. The conversion time point of storage modulus (G') of continuous temperature change is consistent with the melting point temperature of DSC, as the passed start at 10°C, storage modulus (G') increased with an exception of canola oil. Using these results, we will pursue to produce a mixed plant oil applicable to the production of vegetable meat.