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Kim, Hyeongmin,Ro, Jieun,Barua, Sonia,Hwang, Deuk Sun,Na, Seon-Jeong,Lee, Ho Sung,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Woo, Seulki,Kim, Hyewon,Hong, Bomi,Yun, Gyiae,Kim, Joong-Hark,Yoon, Young-Ho,Park, Myung-Gyu,Kim, Jia,S The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.6
We investigated the combined moisturizing effect of liposomal serine and a cosmeceutical base selected in this study. Serine is a major amino acid consisting of natural moisturizing factors and keratin, and the hydroxyl group of serine can actively interact with water molecules. Therefore, we hypothesized that serine efficiently delivered to the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin would enhance the moisturizing capability of the skin. We prepared four different cosmeceutical bases (hydrogel, oil-in-water (O/W) essence, O/W cream, and water-in-oil (W/O) cream); their moisturizing abilities were then assessed using a $Corneometer^{(R)}$. The hydrogel was selected as the optimum base for skin moisturization based on the area under the moisture content change-time curves (AUMCC) values used as a parameter for the water hold capacity of the skin. Liposomal serine prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method was then incorporated in the hydrogel. The liposomal serine-incorporated hydrogel (serine level=1%) showed an approximately 1.62~1.77 times greater moisturizing effect on the skin than those of hydrogel, hydrogel with serine (1%), and hydrogel with blank liposome. However, the AUMCC values were not dependent on the level of serine in liposomal serine-loaded hydrogels. Together, the delivery of serine to the SC of the skin is a promising strategy for moisturizing the skin. This study is expected to be an important step in developing highly effective moisturizing cosmeceutical products.
Kim, Young-Joong,Lee, Joon-Ho,Harn, Chee Hark,Kim, Chang-Gi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To investigate the extent of exposure and routes of Cry1Ac1 protein through the food chain, we collected <I>Bt</I> cabbage leaves and arthropods that occurred in the field during two trials. Protein levels in the transgenic leaves were significantly higher during the early stages of plant growth, ranging from 209.1 to 553.6 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP> in spring and from 208.2 to 402.8 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP> in autumn. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure protein levels in the arthropods. Among the 16 taxa collected in the field, Cry1Ac1 was detected in the bodies of 10. Concentrations were higher in lepidopteran larvae than in the other taxa. In particular, we found a significant correlation between Cry1Ac1 protein levels in cabbage leaves and in <I>Pieris rapae</I> and <I>Mamestra brassicae</I>. Furthermore, this protein was detected in five out of nine taxa of predators (spiders and coleopterans) and parasitoids. These results will be useful as we identify the arthropods that are directly or indirectly exposed to <I>Bt</I> toxin within the food web and the degree to which they are exposed during the cultivation of <I>Bt</I> cabbage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tested the extent of exposure and routes of Cry1Ac1 protein through the food web in the transgenic cabbage field. </LI> <LI> Significant correlations between Cry1Ac1 protein levels in <I>Bt</I> cabbage leaves and lepidopteran species were found. </LI> <LI> The transmission of Cry1Ac1 protein from <I>Bt</I> cabbage to natural enemies through food web interactions was found. </LI> <LI> Erigonidae predators showed potential possibility as a good surrogate species to assess the non-target effects of <I>Bt</I> cabbage. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>