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논문 : 비판적 포스트 휴머니즘-근대적 인간 개념의 해체와 하이브리드적 주체성
윤지영 ( Jiyeong Yun ) 한국철학사상연구회 2015 시대와 철학 Vol.26 No.3
필자는 인간 개량주의라는 트랜스 휴머니즘과 변별되는 관점으로서의 비판적 포스트 휴머니즘적 사상 지평 안에서 기존의 인간-주체 개념의 남근 중심성과 인간 중심성을 탈구하는 변이체라는 개념의 궤적을 부단히 그려나가 보고자 한다. 필자가 제창한 메타모르포젝트라는 변이체 개념이 어떠한 의미에서 충동과 쥬이상스의 주체로서 부상할 수 있을지를 탐색하기위해 틈으로서의 주체화 양태라는 새로운 은유의 발명 가능성을 탈남근적 의미화 방식 안에서 제시하고자 한다. 즉 변이체는 인간이라는 기표와 비인간이라는 기표의 어느 한 항으로도 귀속될 수 없는 새로운 것의 발명으로서 제시될 수 있다. 나아가 변이체는 의미화 경제만이 아니라 기존 남근적 리비도 경제에도 파국적인 것이다. 탈경계적 존재 변이 능력으로서의 리비도-코나투스는 로봇 섹스라는 분절성과 경계 구획성을 넘어서는 로봇 코넥스를 통해서만 비로소 가능하다. 왜냐하면 로봇 섹스는 여전히 여성이라는 젠더성과 질이라는 기관성을 통해 재현되는 휴머노이드형의 드로이드 라는 방식을 취하기에 기관 쾌락이라는 국지적이며 상징적 향유라 할 수있는 남근적 향유의 양식에 갇힌 것이라 할 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나 필자가 제창한 로봇 코넥스라는 비성적 실천 개념은 인간과 비인간이라는 열려있는 문제적 두 범주가 새로운 고리를 통해 기존 범주로부터 이탈하도록하는 위상학적 역설의 공간으로 작동하도록 한다. 즉 로봇 코넥스는 인간원형에 대한 닮음의 역량을 로봇의 존재 조건으로 두지 않는 것으로서 이때에 로봇은 탈형상적인 괴물에 가깝다. 로봇 코넥스는 리비도-코나투스라는 비성적인 향유로서의 여성적 향유, 탈남근적 향유 방식의 실천이며 몸과 몸들이 새로운 감각다발들을 재배치하고 발명해내는 시공간의 창출이기도 한 것이다. In the perspective of posthumanism which is different from that of transhumanism, I try to draw the conceptual path where the novel concept that is “metamorphoject” is developed in order to criticize the notion “subject” which is still anthropocentric and phallocentric. This article aims to explore the possibility that the metamorphoject which is a new form of subjectivity in the era of technology, could be an emergence of subjectivity focused on drive and jouissance. The metamorphoject that is a subject considered as vacuum, is capable of creating a metaphor that is not subjugated to the law of the Father. In other words, the metamorphoject is an invention of the new modality of signification that could be reduced neither to the human meaning nor to the meaning of inhuman. It would be an event upsetting the order of signification and that of the libido. Because the libido-conatus that is a power of being for the metamorphoject is an unheard strength to suspend the efficiency of the binary articulation that is essential to the phallic order. In this perspective, the sex with robot specialized in sexual acts would not be realization of thelibido-contatus. Given that sex with the robot still reproduces hierarchizing split between what penetrates and what is penetrated, man and woman, and that the sex robot endowed with vagina and with female gender, is only humanizing configuration that attempts to mimic the human being that is viewed as the idealized model. The sex with the female robot is limited to the achievement of pleasure focused on the genital area that promotes phallic jouissance, whereas the “connex” with the robot which is a monster that resembles nothing would be realization of the non phallic jouissance and the creation of the quite new spatio-temporality. The Connex with the robot is a revolutionary transversality by which the binary categories will be subverted.
Hollow nanotubular toroidal polymer microrings
Lee, Jiyeong,Baek, Kangkyun,Kim, Myungjin,Yun, Gyeongwon,Ko, Young Ho,Lee, Nam-Suk,Hwang, Ilha,Kim, Jeehong,Natarajan, Ramalingam,Park, Chan Gyung,Sung, Wokyung,Kim, Kimoon Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature chemistry Vol.6 No.2
Despite the remarkable progress made in the self-assembly of nano- and microscale architectures with well-defined sizes and shapes, a self-organization-based synthesis of hollow toroids has, so far, proved to be elusive. Here, we report the synthesis of polymer microrings made from rectangular, flat and rigid-core monomers with anisotropically predisposed alkene groups, which are crosslinked with each other by dithiol linkers using thiol-ene photopolymerization. The resulting hollow toroidal structures are shape-persistent and mechanically robust in solution. In addition, their size can be tuned by controlling the initial monomer concentrations, an observation that is supported by a theoretical analysis. These hollow microrings can encapsulate guest molecules in the intratoroidal nanospace, and their peripheries can act as templates for circular arrays of metal nanoparticles.
( Tae Yun Park ),( Kyoung Hee Lee ),( Jiyeong Jeong ),( Chang Hoon Lee ),( Chul Gyu Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) induces lung infiammation and simultaneously activates anti-oxidative pathway as a defense mechanism. Recently, we found that neutrophil elastase (NE) enhances cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced infiammation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the roles of NE on CSE-induced activation of anti-oxidative pathway and its regulatory mechanism in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods: BEAS-2B cells were used. Nrf2 activity assay using nuclear extracts was performed. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. HO-1, Nrf2, DJ-1, or KEAP1 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: CSE activated Nrf2, a transcription factor, which regulates the expression of several antioxidants. CSE increased anti-oxidant, HO-1. Interestingly, NE suppressed CSE-induced expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein. Therefore, we first evaluated the effect of NE on Nrf2. Although NE did not affect the basal and inducible level of Nrf2 mRNA, it significantly decreased the expression of Nrf2 protein. Nrf2 protein stability has been reported to be regulated by DJ-1 and KEAP1. However, the expression level of DJ-1 and KEAP1 did not change in NE-treated cells. Nrf2 down-regulation by NE was not blocked by pre-treatment with proteasomal & lysosomal inhibitors (MG132, PS-341 & chloroquine, NH4Cl), pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk), or ROS blocker (NAC). Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that NE accelerates CSE-induced damage in lung epithelial cells by blocking anti-oxidative pathway via down-regulation of Nrf2 at the post-translational step.