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Impaired Hand Dexterity Function in a Non-human Primate Model with Chronic Parkinson’s Disease
Jincheol Seo,Jinyoung Won,Keonwoo Kim,박정형,Hyeon-Gu Yeo,김유경,Seung Ho Baek,이훈원,Chang-Yeop Jeon,최원석,Sangil Lee,Ki Jin Kim,Sung-Hyun Park,손영훈,Kang-Jin Jeong,임경섭,Philyong Kang,이활용,손희창,허재원,김영현,이동석,이상래,최지웅,이 한국뇌신경과학회 2020 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.29 No.5
Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons are accompanied by movement disorders, including tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and akinesia. Non-human primate (NHP) models with PD play an essential role in the analysis of PD pathophysiology and behavior symptoms. As impairments of hand dexterity function can affect activities of daily living in patients with PD, research on hand dexterity function in NHP models with chronic PD is essential. Traditional rating scales previously used in the evaluation of animal spontaneous behavior were insufficient due to factors related to subjectivity and passivity. Thus, experimentally designed applications for an appropriate apparatus are necessary. In this study, we aimed to longitudinally assess hand dexterity function using hand dexterity task (HDT) in NHP-PD models. To validate this assessment, we analyzed the alteration in Parkinsonian tremor signs and the functionality of presynaptic dopaminergic neuron using positron emission tomography imaging of dopamine transporters in these models. In addition, a significant inverse correlation between HDT and DAT level was identified, but no local bias was found. The correlation with intention tremor signs was lower than the resting tremor. In conclusion, the evaluation of HDT may reflect behavioral symptoms of NHP-PD models. Furthermore, HDT was effectively used to experimentally distinguish intention tremors from other tremors.
Seo, Jincheol,Lee, Youngjeon,Kim, Bom Sahn,Park, Junghyung,Yang, Sejung,Yoon, Hai-Jeon,Yoo, Jang,Park, Hyun Soo,Hong, Jung-Joo,Koo, Bon-Sang,Baek, Seung Ho,Jeon, Chang-Yeop,Huh, Jae-Won,Kim, Young-Hyu Elsevier 2019 Journal of neuroscience methods Vol.311 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The guidelines for applying individual adjustments to macaques according to the severity of behavioral symptoms during 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment were provided to reproduce stable chronic Parkinsonism in a recent study (Potts et al., 2014). But, since there are insufficient guidelines regarding objective severity criteria of individual symptoms for adjustments of MPTP treatment, it is difficult to develop MPTP-induced chronic non-human primate (NHP) models with stable symptoms.</P> <P><B>New method</B></P> <P>The individual adjustments of MPTP administration based on results of automatic quantification of global activity (GA) using a video-based tracking system were applied to develop MPTP-PD model. Low-dose (0.2 mg/kg) intramuscular injection was repeated continuously until GA was lower than 8% of baseline Parkinsonian behavior scores. The positron emission tomography imaging were used to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson’s disease (PD).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Significant reductions in GA and dopamine transporter activity, along with significant increases in Parkinsonian behavior scores were found from 4 to 48 weeks following the first administration. GA was correlated with the Parkinsonian behavior score. The dopamine transporter activity was correlated with GA and the Parkinsonian behavior score. However, it was not correlated with the total dose of MPTP. Damage of dopaminergic neuronal systems in the basal ganglia was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.</P> <P><B>Comparison with existing method</B></P> <P>This study reinforces previous guidelines regarding production of NHP models with stable Parkinsonian symptoms.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This novel strategy of MPTP administration based on global activity evaluations provides an important conceptual advance for the development of chronic NHP Parkinsonian models.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We provide a conceptual advance of the method to produce stable Parkinsonian models. </LI> <LI> Individual MPTP dose adjustments according to the severity of symptoms are needed. </LI> <LI> Global activity using a video tracking system is useful in evaluating Parkinsonism. </LI> <LI> Global activity provides an objective and accurate evaluation of symptom severity. </LI> <LI> Global activity provides the objective criteria for adjustments of MPTP treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>
Novel strategy of MPTP administration for stable parkinsonian symptoms in non-human primates
Jincheol Seo,Youngjeon Lee,Hyeon-Gu Yeo,Chang-Yeop Jeon,Kang-Jin Jeong,Seung-Ho Paik,Philyong Kang,Sangil Lee,Yujin Ahn,Jung-Joo Hong,Yeung Bae Jin,Bon-Sang Koo,Yeonghoon Son,Sang-Rae Lee,Kyu-Tae Chan 한국실험동물학회 2017 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.2
元裕憲,徐鎭哲,吳亨俊 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2002 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.13 No.-
Network security testing should be integrated into an organization's security program to evaluate system security mechanism and validate that systems are operating according to the organizations's security policies and system security requirements. Many organizations are now offering penetration services to identify vulnerabilities in systems. Network testing can be a valuable and cost effective measure of protecting a network and preventing costly compromise. In this paper, we provide the basic information about techniques and tools for individuals to begin a testing program. We also describes generalized network security testing that applicable to all networked systems.
In vivo study of paraspinal muscle weakness using botulinum toxin in one primate model
Han, Sang Kuy,Lee, Youngjeon,Hong, Jung-Joo,Yeo, Hyeon-Gu,Seo, Jincheol,Jeon, Chang-Yeop,Jeong, Kang-Jin,Jin, Yeung Bae,Kang, Philyong,Lee, Sangil,Shin, Choongsoo S.,Kim, Young Eun,Chun, Keyoung Jin,C Elsevier 2018 CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS -BRISTOL- Vol.53 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>It has been generally speculated that paraspinal muscle weakness is related to the spinal degeneration including intervertebral disc failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of paraspinal muscle weakness induced by the botulinum toxin type-A on the lumbar spine and behavior pattern in an in-vivo primate model which has an upright locomotion similar to that of humans.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Botox injections into paraspinal muscle of one cynomolgus monkey were conducted biweekly up to 19 weeks at L2–L3, L3–L4 and L4–L5. MRIs were performed for measurement of muscle cross-sectional areas and behavioral data were collected using a high-resolution portable digital video camera.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>The cross-sectional areas of the paraspinal muscles at L2–L3, L3–L4 and L4–L5 decreased by 8%, 12% and 8% at 21 weeks after the Botox injection, respectively. Intervertebral disc thickness at L2–L3, L3–L4 and L4–L5 decreased by 6%, 8% and 5% at 21 weeks after initial Botox injection, respectively. After the Botox injections, locomotion and movement activity of the monkey was decreased. The duration of sitting increased from 21% to a maximum of 97% at 9 weeks after the Botox injection, while stance time decreased from 9% to a minimum of 1% at 11 weeks post Botox injection.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>The findings of this study revealed that paraspinal muscle atrophy affects intervertebral disc morphology and locomotion activity of a primate and may lead to an onset of intervertebral disc degeneration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Botox injection produces paraspinal muscle atrophy in this primate model. </LI> <LI> Paraspinal muscle atrophy affects a loss of intervertebral disc thickness. </LI> <LI> Paraspinal muscle atrophy affects a locomotion activity of a primate. </LI> <LI> Locomotion activity was more static post compared to pre-Botox injections. </LI> </UL> </P>