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Inkjet Printing of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Song, Jin-Wong,Han, Chang-Soo Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2008 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3
A single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) transparent conductive film (TCF) was fabricated using a simple inkjet printing method. The TCF could be selectively patterned by controlling the dot size to diameters as small as $34{\mu}m$. In this repeatable and scalable process, we achieved 71% film transmittance and a resistance of 900 ohm/sq sheet with an excellent uniformity, about ${\pm}5%$ deviation overall. Inkjet printing of SWNT is substrate friendly and the TCF is printed on a flexible substrate. This method of fabrication using direct printing permits mass production of TCF in a large area process, reducing processing steps and yielding low-cost TCF fabrications on a designated area using simple printing.
Inkjet Printing of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Jin-Wong Song,Chang-Soo Han 한국정밀공학회 2008 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3
A single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) transparent conductive film (TCF) was fabricated using a simple inkjet printing method. The TCF could be selectively patterned by controlling the dot size to diameters as small as 34㎛. In this repeatable and scalable process, we achieved 71% film transmittance and a resistance of 900 ohm/sq sheet with an excellent uniformity, about ± 5% deviation overall. Inkjet printing of SWNT is substrate friendly and the TCF is printed on a flexible substrate. This method of fabrication using direct printing permits mass production of TCF in a large area process, reducing processing steps and yielding low-cost TCF fabrications on a designated area using simple printing.
급성 허혈성 뇌병소에 대한 혈압강하의 영향에 관한 실험적 연구
허춘웅,박춘근,김문찬,김달수,하영수,강준기,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1986 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.15 No.1
Controlled hypotension and temporary clip of feeding artery are used to reduce bleeding and to facilitate the neurosurgical operations, especially in intracranial aneurysm surgery, but the microvasculature of acute ischemic brain from impaired blood flow is quite susceptible to decrease in blood pressure and blood volume. The reversibility of brain damage following an ischemic brain lesion depends on the amount of regional cerebral blood flow as well as the severity of ischemia. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of controlled hypotension on cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular resistance, and pathological changes in acute ischemic brain lesion. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cats by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 6 hours through the transorbital appraoch. Forty-nine cats were divided into 3 groups, namely control group with mean blood pressure maintained at normal after right middle cerebral artery occlusion, hemorrhagic hypotension group with mean blood pressure decreased to 80, 60, and 40 ㎜Hg by with drawing of blood after right middle cerebral artery occlusion and drug-induced hypotension group with mean blood pressure decreased to 80, 60, and 40 ㎜Hg with arfonad infusion after right middle cerebral artery occlusion Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the hydrogen clearance method following middle cerebral artery clipping and gradual decreasing mean blood pressure. Cerebrovascular resistance was calculated after regional cerebral blood flow was measured and size of infarct were examined in each groups after the experiment was completed. Results were as follows: 1) In control group, regional cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular resistance of the right parietal area with mean blood pressure maintained at normal after right middle cerebral artery occlusion were 19.4±2.1㎖/2.1㎖/100g/min and 5.5±0.4㎜Hg/㎖/100g/min. The size of cerebral infarct was minimal in 71% of the control group. 2) In hemorrhagic hypotension group, regional cerebral blood flow of the right parietal area with mean blood pressure decreased to 80, 60, and 40 ㎜Hg was 17.6 ±1.5, 15.4±3.8, and 7.8±2.9㎖/100g/min respectively, thus 6, 25, and 57% lower than the control group. Cerebrovascular resistance of the right parietal area with mean blood pressure at 80 and 60㎜Hg was 4.7±0.1 and 4.5±0.3㎜Hg/㎖/100g/min respectively, thus showing a gradual decrease in relation to the decreasing mean blood pressure. With mean blood pressure reduced to 40 ㎜Hg, the cerebrovascular resistance drastically increased to 5.1±0.5㎜Hg/㎖/100g/min. When mean blood pressure was reduced to 60 and 40 ㎜Hg, the size of infarct was marked in 57 and 85% of the hemorrhagic hypotension group. 3) In drug-induced hypotension group, regional cerebral blood flow of the right parietal area with mean blood pressure reduced to 80, 60, and 40 ㎜Hg was 19.1±2.3, 17.8±3.1, and 7.4±2.7㎖/100g/min respectively, thus 2, 10, and 38% lower than the control group. The regional cerebral blood flow of the right parietal area in the drug-induced hypotension group was slightly higher than the hemorrhagic hypotension group when mean blood pressure was reduced to 80 or 60㎜Hg, while there was no significant difference of regional cerebral blood flow in the both groups when mean blood pressure was reduced to 40㎜Hg. Cerebrovascular resistance of the right parietal area with mean blood pressure at 80 and 60 ㎜Hg was 4.1±0.3 and 3.1±0.2㎜Hg/㎖/100g/min respectively, thus showing a gradual decrease in relation to decreasing mean blood pressure. With mean blood pressure reduced to 40㎜Hg, the cerebrovascular resistance was 5.6±0.9㎜Hg/㎖/100g/min, thus higher than the hemorrhagic hypotension group. When mean blood pressure was decreased to 60 and 40 ㎜Hg, the size of infarct was marked in 42 and 85% of the drug-induced hypotension group. The extent of cerebral infarct was more extensive in the hemorrhagic hypotension group than in the drug-induced hypotension. 4) In the contralateral hemisphere of the infarct, there was no change in regional cerebral blood flow when the mean blood pressure was decreased to 80 and 60㎜Hg but when the mean blood pressure decreased to 40㎜Hg, the regional cerebral blood flow was markedly reduced in all groups. When the mean blood pressure decreased to 60 ㎜Hg there was no change in cerebrovascular resistance, however when the mean blood pressure was at 40 ㎜Hg, there was a drastic increase in cerebrovascular resistance in all groups. Due to loss of autoregulation in the ischemic brain lesion, the regional cerebral blood flow depends on the brain perfusion pressure and accordingly when there is ischemic brain lesion., the hemorrhagic hypotension produces serious brain infarction and edema than drug-induced hypotension.
Virological and pathological characterization of an avian H1N1 influenza A virus
Koo, Bon-Sang,Kim, Hye Kwon,Song, Daesub,Na, Woonsung,Song, Min-Suk,Kwon, Jin Jung,Wong, Sook-San,Noh, Ji Yeong,Ahn, Min-Ju,Kim, Doo-Jin,Webby, Richard J,Yoon, Sun-Woo,Jeong, Dae Gwin Springer-Verlag 2018 Archives of virology Vol.163 No.5
실험적 뇌총상으로 인한 체성감각 유발전위의 변화 및 Mannitol의 효과
김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,강준기,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1982 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.11 No.2
Since every component of the evoked response is considered to relate with topographically specific neural structure, it is possible that the location and severity of brain dysfunction could be defined by careful analysis of evoked responses. The purpose of this investigation was to study the change in cardiopulmonary functions, somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) following a right occipito-frontal missile injury in cats and to evaluate the effects of mannitol on them. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.2Kg were divided into operated control(n=20) group and mannitol treated group(n=20). In each group cardiopulmonary functions and SEP were checked on 1 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hour and 6 hours after missile injury. 1) After injury with a pellet at 90m/sec, there was rapid rise in intracranial pressure, bradycardia, changes in blood pressure and marked alteration in respiration. 2) The somatosensory evoked potential was detected shortly after injury and markedly altered in shape. The early components(N_(0), N₁) of the SEP were suppressed first, followed by the late component(N₂) of the SEP in the control group. This suggests that the specific somatosensory pathways are most vulnerable to high kinetic missile-injury. The late component of SEP(N₂) was easily and severely suppressed possibly due to functionally interrupted brainstem multisynaptic pathway and nearly not recovered. At an intracranial pressure(ICP) of 29㎝H₂O, the early components(N_(0), N₁), of SEP were significantly suppressed to 80% of the normal control. At the ICP higher than 40㎝H₂O, not only N_(0), N₁, appeared flat, but also the N₂was suppressed.
전층 각막이식술 후 잔여 고도난시에 대해 각막윤부 이완절개 및 추가 봉합술의 단기 교정효과
송현범,최혁진,김미금,위원량,Hyun Beom Song,Hyuk Jin Choi,Mee Kum Kim,Wong Ryang Wee 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.10
Purpose: To investigate the short-term effect of limbal relaxing incisions accompanied by compression sutures on postoperative astigmatism in penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty, were followed-up for at least 18 months and had residual astigmatism greater than 4.0 diopters (D), were retrospectively analyzed. The patients had paired limbal relaxing incisions on the steep axis and compression sutures on the flat axis. The paired limbal relaxing incision was done for 2 clock hours each with a depth of 85% of the corneal thickness, and the compression sutures with an average of 3.2 bites were added with a Troutman operating keratometer guide. The visual acuities, corneal astigmatism and complications were evaluated at 1 month and 6 months. Results: At 1 month after the surgery, the best corrected visual acuities (log MAR) improved from 0.840 to 0.674 (<em>p</em> = 0.037) except for 1 patient with immediate postoperative rejection and another patient with a pre-existing cataract. The mean corneal astigmatism was reduced from 9.118 ± 3.158 D to 4.982 ± 3.063 D (<em>p</em> = 0.021). At 6 months after the surgery, the mean corneal astigmatism increased to 5.489 ± 2.670 D (<em>p</em> = 0.008), and the effect of surgery became statistically insignificant (p = 0.477). Conclusions: Paired limbal relaxing incisions and compression sutures were effective short-term on reducing residual corneal astigmatism and improving visual acuities in keratoplasty patients with high astigmatism, but became less effective on corneal astigmatism at 6 months. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(10):1142-1149