Carnival Versus Liturgy : A Reconsideration of the Problem of Origin for the Medieval English Cycle Plays

Jin, Sunwoo 서울神學大學校 2005 교수논총 = (A)collection of treatises Vol.17 No.-

A split can be observable among scholars of the medieval drama regarding the relative importance of the dramatic traditions that ultimately resulted in the medieval English cycle plays, whether we should interpret them as religious or secular in origin. I believe, however, that it would be too limiting to simply say that medieval drama is liturgical or carnival in origin. Rather, it contains within them what Bakhtin calls the "two-world condition". Thus, both the liturgical and the carnival traditions are equally important to the formation of the medieval English cycle plays.

완전 포상기태 이후 발생한 지속성 융모질환의 치료경험 2례.

이진희,류은석,김윤숙,김종수,최승도,선우재근,배동한 순천향의학연구소 2005 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.11 No.1

Persistent tumor develops in approximately 20% of patients with a complete mole, and chemotherapy is required to achieve remission. Following evacuation of hydatidiform mole, careful hCG monitoring is mandatory since it is the most reliable and sensitive method for the early detection of gestational trophoblastic disease. In carefully selected patients in whom the risk of developing gestational trophoblastic disease is significant or when the availability of hCG testing is suboptimal, chemoprophylaxis has been shown to decrease the risk of gestational trophoblastic tumor. We report here two cases of patient, 16-year-old and 45-year-old women who experienced unusual course after the evacuation of a complete mole and markedly elevated serum β-hCG levels. The patient developed persistent gestational trophoblastic disease and were successfully treated with EMA-CO and hysterectomy.

1997~2001년 제주도 고산지역 PM2.5 미세분진의 오염 특성

강창희,김원형,한진석,선우영,문길주 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.3

PM_(2.5) fine particles have been collected at the Gosan measurement station in Jeju Island, and the major water-soluble components have been analyzed in order to investigate the aerosol compositions and pollution characteristics. The mean concentrations of the components were in the order of SO₄²^(-) > NH₄^(-) > NO₃^(-) >Na¹ > K > Cl^(-) > Ca²^(+) > Mg²^(+). The major components were SO₄²^(-), NH₄^(-) and NO₃^(-), whose compositions were 58%, 18% and 10% of the total ions, respectively. Most of the components showed higher concentrations in spring season, and especially Ca²^(+), NO₃^(-) and SO₄²^(-) concentrations were increased 2.8, 1.9 and 1.2 times higher than the annual mean concentrations. The most parts of SO₄²^(-) and NH₄^(-) were distributed in the particles below 2.1μm size, but the Ca²^(+), Na^(+) and Cl^(-) showed relatively higher concentrations in coarse particles. Based on the factor analysis, the PM_(2.5) line particles were considered to be largely influenced by anthropogenic sources, and followed by sea salt and soil sources. In the variations of concentrations as a function of wind direction. Most components have shown higher concentrations natably as the northwesterly prevails.

Using Clickers in Large Class

Jin Sunwoo 한양대학교 교육공학연구소 2009 학습과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

Ushering 21th century, to adjust to new rapidly changing world, traditional teaching conception, transference to new situations, problem solving, and critical thinking are emphasized in higher education more than ever. However, much of university education is based on the theory that students will learn if information is transmitted during lectures or if they do things in practicals or seminars(Ransden, 1992). While the traditional lecture implies teaching as transmission, a student-participating lecture allow students who actively involve the learning process attain not only more knowledge, but also deeper comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation by the interacting classroom environment. A personal response system (PRS), so-called "Clickers", utilize to set this kind of student-centered lecture classroom. Use of clickers in the classroom has been shown to increase students" attention and interest and to increase retention of information presented in lectures.

Subversive Laughter in Select Medieval Cycle Plays

( Sunwoo Jin ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2017 현대영어영문학 Vol.61 No.4

Traditional studies of English medieval cycle plays have tended to underscore their religious nature by emphasizing the liturgical background of the plays. Critics such as David Bevington and Hardin Craig argue that medieval drama is religious in nature and its purpose is to give religious instruction and encourage piety. More recently, however, the scholarship is more split on the issue of origin and nature of the medieval drama. This comes from the heightened awareness of the fact that “popular subversion was widespread in the medieval world.” In particular, the application of the Bakhtinian theory of the “carnivalesque” to the study of medieval drama has provided an additional perspective from which to view the plays of that period, one which provides an “alternate voice” that lends itself to a subversive reading to the traditional orthodox interpretation of the plays. Thus, it is the argument of this paper that medieval cycle plays such as Noah and The Second Shepherds’ Pageant are intrinsically subversive in nature and a means of interrogating and subverting the orthodox ecclesiastical establishment in the former and the criticism of the corrupt clergy and its predation in the latter. (Seoul Theological University)

Preaching to Adam

Jin Sunwoo 한국밀턴과근세영문학회 2012 중세근세영문학 Vol.22 No.1

While Milton"s decision to become a poet-priest rather than an ordained minister is commonly regarded as an expression of Milton"s preference for a poetic vocation over that of a ministerial vocation within the Anglican Church, it is the view of this paper that what Milton is actually does is transforms and expands the traditional role of a poet to include the ministerial function, thereby bringing poetry and preaching together. The result of such an expanded view of poetry espoused by Milton, besides elevating the layman as equal to that of the priest in matters of faith, is that it led to a corresponding expansion of the possibilities in the area of religious poetry. Certain subject matters, such as sermons and biblical exegesis, previously deemed unsuitable for the laity, can now be broached openly with equal justification. A good case in point is the angelic discourses in Milton"s Paradise Lost where the poet appropriates the voice of the angel Michael in order to teach and correct in book 11 and 12. Considering that a "sermon intends Exhortation principally and Edification and a holy stirring of religious affections" (Donne VIII 3.10-11), it is possible to read the voice of Michael as an attempt to teach (or edify) the fallen about God"s mercies as following the sermonic format for sermonic ends, which is to exhort the fallen to correct their wrong. And, such an effort to teach and exhort through poetry may be at the heart of Milton"s vocation as a poet-priest.

Imitatio Christi: The Son as Exemplar in Paradice Regained

Jin Sunwoo 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2005 중세근세영문학 Vol.15 No.1

Integral to our understanding of Paradise Regained is the theme of imitatio Christi or the meditations on Christ as an exemplar for human behavior. In Paradise Regained, Milton offers the unique example of the restorative and instrumental nature of the Son as a paradigm for man’s regeneration. In the poem, Milton offers to his readers the example of the Son who remains perfect and free of sin while undertaking the overthrow of Satan and the undoing of the effects of Fall as a second Adam, which he achieves through humility, faith, and obedience to the will of God. Despite being the source of contention during the Renaissance, it is important to remember the practice of imitatio Christi is supported by scripture as can be seen in 1 Cor. 11:1 where St. Paul exhorts Christians to “Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.” Milton himself states in Of Education that “[t]he end of Learning is to repair the ruines of our first Parents by regaining to know God aright, and out of that knowledge to love him, to imitate him, to be like him.” Thus, the recognition of the Son as an exemplar is important to the overall meaning of the poem.

Poetic Hubris as Knowing Transgression in the Invocations of Milton`s Paradise Lost

( Jin Sunwoo ) 한국밀턴과 근세영문학회(구 한국밀턴학회) 2004 중세근세영문학 Vol.14 No.1

Dangers of Debate as a Tool for Audience Manipulation in Paradise Lost

( Sunwoo Jin ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2019 현대영어영문학 Vol.63 No.3

The preponderance of debate in literary works of England since the middle ages speaks to its popularity. Milton also wide use of debate in his works as debate or disputations dominate the action between characters in his major poems, Paradise Lost, Samson Agonistes and Paradise Regained. Depending upon its usage, the debate can be an introspective vehicle for self-discovery whereby characters such as Samson gain insight and wisdom through his debate with Manor and Dalila. Debate, however, can also take on a more sinister function as an instrument of evil which is the use of debate as a tool for audience manipulation, particularly in connection with the parliamentary debate in Book 2 of Paradise Lost. In this episode, Milton highlights the potential dangers of debate It means that the superficial appearance of the parliamentary free debate in Hell moves inexorably towards the foregone conclusion of Satan’s evil plan. (Seoul Theological University)

Comparison of regional brain atrophy and cognitive impairment between pure akinesia with gait freezing and Richardson's syndrome

Hong, Jin Yong,Yun, Hyuk Jin,Sunwoo, Mun Kyung,Ham, Jee Hyun,Lee, Jong-Min,Sohn, Young H.,Lee, Phil Hyu Frontiers Media S.A. 2015 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.7 No.-

<P>Pure akinesia with gait freezing (PAGF) is considered a clinical phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy. The brain atrophy and cognitive deficits in PAGF are expected to be less prominent than in classical Richardson's syndrome (RS), but this hypothesis has not been explored yet. We reviewed the medical records of 28 patients with probable RS, 19 with PAGF, and 29 healthy controls, and compared cortical thickness, subcortical gray matter volume, and neuropsychological performance among the three groups. Patients with PAGF had thinner cortices in frontal, inferior parietal, and temporal areas compared with controls; however, areas of cortical thinning in PAGF patients were less extensive than those in RS patients. In PAGF patients, hippocampal, and thalamic volumes were also smaller than controls, whereas subcortical gray matter volumes in PAGF and RS patients were comparable. In a comparison of neuropsychological tests, PAGF patients had better cognitive performance in executive function, visual memory, and visuospatial function than RS patients had. These results demonstrate that cognitive impairment, cortical thinning, and subcortical gray matter atrophy in PAGF patients resemble to those in RS patients, though the severity of cortical thinning and cognitive dysfunction is milder. Our results suggest that, PAGF and RS may share same pathology but that it appears to affect a smaller proportion of the cortex in PAGF.</P>