Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on the Growth and Antioxidant System of Cosmos bipinnatus under Cadmium Stress

Jiani Hu,Xinyi Gao,Yajie Yue,Xiaoyu Ming,Linjie Yue,Lijuan Yang,Xue Xiao,Xiaofang Yu 한국원예학회 2022 원예과학기술지 Vol.40 No.5

Cadmium pollution in China’s urban green spaces is extremely severe, causing a significant increase in the risk of urban environmental pollution. Applying organic acids under Cd stress conditions improves the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle signi- ficantly. In this study, Cosmos bipinnatus seedlings were cultured in a nutritive medium containing 40 µmol·L-1 Cd. They were subsequently supplemented with different concentrations of citric acid and malic acid (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mmol L-1 ) to analyze the roles of the organic acids in regulating the AsA-GSH cycle involved in plant resistance to Cd stress. Exogenous organic acids inhibited the growth of C. bipinnatus in a dose-dependent manner. AsA, GSH, and GR in the leaves decreased dramatically at high malic acid concentrations (2 mol L-1 ). The contents of GSH and GR and the APX activities showed a downward trend when the seedlings were treated with 0.5–2 mmol·L-1 of citric acid. However, AsA exhibited contrasting results under these conditions. Notably, both the antioxidant and enzyme activities were reduced considerably to a minimum when the citric acid concentration was 2 mmol·L-1 . Low concentrations of exogenous acids increased the activities of APX and GR in the leaves of C. bipinnatus, thus increasing the contents of ASA and GSH. Such increases boost the efficiency of the ASA-GSH cycle in relieving the toxic effect of cadmium on C. bipinnatus. Cadmium pollution in China’s urban green spaces is extremely severe, causing a significant increase in the risk of urban environmental pollution. Applying organic acids under Cd stress conditions improves the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle signi- ficantly. In this study, Cosmos bipinnatus seedlings were cultured in a nutritive medium containing -1 40 µmol·L Cd. They were subsequently supplemented with different concentrations of citric acid -1 and malic acid (0,0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol L ) to analyze the roles of the organic acids in regulating the AsA-GSH cycle involved in plant resistance to Cd stress. Exogenous organic acids inhibited the growth of C. bipinnatus in a dose-dependent manner. AsA, GSH, and GR in the leaves decreased -1 dramatically at high malic acid concentrations (2 mol L ). The contents of GSH and GR and the -1 APX activities showed a downward trend when the seedlings were treated with 0.5–2 mmol·L of citric acid. However, AsA exhibited contrasting results under these conditions. Notably, both the antioxidant and enzyme activities were reduced considerably to a minimum when the citric acid -1 concentration was 2 mmol·L . Low concentrations of exogenous acids increased the activities of APX and GR in the leaves of C. bipinnatus, thus increasing the contents of ASA and GSH. Such increases boost the efficiency of the ASA-GSH cycle in relieving the toxic effect of cadmium on C. bipinnatus.

Study on the Technology of Digital Recognition in Verification Process of Mechanical and Electronic Anemometer

Jianying Fan,An Wang,Yang Gao,Lei Yu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.4

The Blood Oxygenation T2* Values of Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas as Measured by 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Association with Tumor Stage

Yu-lian Tang,Xiao-ming Zhang,Zhi-gang Yang,Yu-cheng Huang,Tian-wu Chen,Yan-li Chen,Fan Chen,Nan-lin Zeng,Rui Li,Jiani Hu 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.4

Objective: To explore the association between the blood oxygenation T2* values of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and tumor stages. Materials and Methods: This study included 48 ESCC patients and 20 healthy participants who had undergone esophageal T2*-weighted imaging to obtain T2* values of the tumors and normal esophagi. ESCC patients underwent surgical resections less than one week after imaging. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the association between T2* values of ESCCs and tumor stages. Results: One-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests revealed that the T2* value could differentiate stage T1 ESCCs (17.7 ± 3.3 ms) from stage T2 and T3 tumors (24.6 ± 2.7 ms and 27.8 ± 5.6 ms, respectively; all ps < 0.001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed the suitable cutoff T2* value of 21.3 ms for either differentiation. The former statistical tests demonstrated that the T2* value could not differentiate between stages T2 and T3 (24.6 ± 2.7 ms vs. 27.8 ± 5.6 ms, respectively, p > 0.05) or between N stages (N1 vs. N2 vs. N3: 24.7 ± 6.9 ms vs. 25.4 ± 4.5 ms vs. 26.8 ± 3.9 ms, respectively; all ps > 0.05). The former tests illustrated that the T2* value could differentiate anatomic stages I and II (18.8 ± 4.8 ms and 26.9 ± 5.9 ms, respectively) or stages I and III (27.3 ± 3.6 ms). ROC analysis depicted the same cutoff T2* value of 21.3 ms for either differentiation. In addition, the Student’s t test revealed that the T2* value could determine grouped T stages (T0 vs. T1–3: 17.0 ± 2.9 ms vs. 25.2 ± 6.2 ms; T0–1 vs. T2–3: 17.3 ± 3.0 ms vs. 27.1 ± 5.3 ms; and T0–2 vs. T3: 18.8 ± 4.2 ms vs. 27.8 ± 5.6 ms, all ps < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the T2* value could detect ESCCs (cutoff, 20 ms), and discriminate between stages T0–1 and T2–3 (cutoff, 21.3 ms) and between T0–2 and T3 (cutoff, 20.4 ms). Conclusion: The T2* value can be an additional quantitative indicator for detecting ESCC except for stage T1 cancer, and can preoperatively discriminate between some T stages and between anatomic stages of this tumor.

Research on Color Gray Code Encoding and Color Components Correction in 3D Measurement for Color Object

Fan Jianying,Liu Linchao,Gao Yang,Zhang Zeliang,Yu Lei,Liu Wei 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2013 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.6 No.5

Gamma Correction and Absolute Coordinate Residual Compensation for Triangular Patterns Phase Shifting Profilometry

Yang Wang,Jianying Fan,Yao Feng,Huijuan Yuan,Shuang Yu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.2

Investigation of Aging Behavior and Thermal Stability of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Tri-block Copolymer in Blends

Xiong Xu,Jianying Yu,Canlin Zhang,Song Xu,Lihui Xue,Dong Xie 한국고분자학회 2016 폴리머 Vol.40 No.6

Aging behavior and thermal stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) in blends were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG). From the analysis of FTIR, the alcohol and carboxyl hydroxyl groups will be gradually generated during the thermal and ultraviolet aging, and the effect of short-term high temperature is more serious than longterm ultraviolet exposure on the structure of SBS; XPS results show that oxygen/carbon ratio of thermal and ultraviolet aged SBS have significantly increased, while the relative concentration of C-O-H(R) is far higher than that of COOH(R); inferred oxidation mechanism of SBS based on the analytical results of FTIR and XPS shows alcohol, carboxyl, ether, ketone, etc. have mainly formed in blends after thermal or ultraviolet aging; moreover, on account of the distribution index of carbon-oxygen binding state of thermal and ultraviolet aged SBS(respectively 3.15 and 1.28), C-O is easily produced than C=O and the effect of thermal aging is more obvious; from the results of TG, the maximum decomposition rate and temperature decrease after aging.

The Morphological Evaluation of the Cervical Muscle in Patients With Basilar Invagination: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study

Junyu Lin,Panjie Xu,Jianying Zheng,Zhang Zefan,Jingwen Tan,Hang Xiao,Siyan Yu,Qingan Zhu,Wei Ji 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.3

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of functional muscle and muscle size in patients with basilar invagination (BI) and explore the effects of atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods: Eighty BI patients (BI group) and 80 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic people (control group) were included. Axial T2 magnetic resonance imaging image was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) and functional CSA (FCSA). The sternocleidomastoid (SCM), longus capitis and longus colli (LCap & LC), trapezius (Trap), splenius capitis (SpCap), splenius cervicis (SpC), semispinalis capitis (SSCap), semispinalis cervicis (SSC), multifidus (MS), levator scapulae (LS) and posterior deep layer muscles (PDLM) were evaluated. Correlations between age, atlantodental interval (ADI), Chamberlain distance and muscles were observed. Results: BI group (39.4 ± 18.4 years; 33 males/47 females) exhibited significantly lower FCSA/CSA ratios than the control group in all extensor and flexor muscles, and presented smaller CSAs on the right and left Trap, SSC, LS, SCM, and left LCap & LC. FCSA/CSA ratios were significantly lower in BI patients with dislocation on the right Trap, SpCap, SpC, SSCap, MS, LS, LCap & LC, and PDLM, and the left SSCap, MS, and LCap & LC than in patients without deformity. Additionally, functional muscles of all parameters decreased with age in BI patients. Excluding children, the Trap, SpC, MS, and LS muscle sizes of BI patients tended to increase with age. ADI and Chamberlain distance tended to correlate negatively with FCSA/CSA ratio. Conclusion: The BI patients, especially those with atlantoaxial dislocation, had less functional muscles compared with the control group. Moreover, their functional muscles decreased with age more obviously.

Experimental and Numerical Analyses for Earth Pressure Distribution on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels

Sheng Li,Yuchi Jianie,I-Hsuan Ho,Li Ma,Qicai Wang,Bentian Yu 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.6

The use of high-filled cut-and-cover tunnels (HFCCTs) provides an ideal solution for reclaiming usable land in northwestern China because of the unique landforms of the Loess Plateau. Different from traditional tunnel boring methods, the HFCCT is first constructed and then backfilled in layers in the trench. Due to the backfill above the cut-and-cover tunnel (CCT) is required in quantity, currently, the existed estimating methods of the earth pressure may not suit the high-filled constructions. The ability to estimate the load on such tunnels and high backfill projects is extremely important. Conceptually, the Marston-Spangler (M-S) theory for buried culverts may be used to estimate earth pressure on HFCCTs. However, the earth pressure would be quite different from that of buried culverts in terms of the backfill volume, cross-sectional shape of structure, and foundation conditions. This paper presents physical experiments and numerical investigations to verify the influence of cross-sectional shape (arch and rectangle) of CCTs, foundation settlement, and load reduction using expanded polystyrene (EPS) for the vertical earth pressure (VEP) distribution and vertical displacement around a CCT. The experimental results agree well with the numerical analysis results. Moreover, further comparisons were also made to analytical analysis based on M-S theory. The comparison results indicate that analytical solutions for buried culverts cannot be applied to HFCCTs directly. In order to obtain the earth pressure accurately, designers must consider many influential factors.

Different Response Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Two Species of Amorphophallus to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Infection

Min Yang,Ying Qi,Jiani Liu,Penghua Gao,Feiyan Huang,Lei Yu,Hairu Chen 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.2

Soft rot is a widespread, catastrophic disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) that severely damages the production of Amorphophallus spp. This study evaluated the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Pcc-infected and uninfected plants of two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac. Principal component analysis showed that the samples formed different clusters according to the Pcc infection status, indicating that Pcc infection can cause a large number of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities in the Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere soil. However, the response mechanisms of A. muelleri and A. konjac are different. There was little difference in the overall microbial species composition among the four treatments, but the relative abundances of core microbiome members were significantly different. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillus, and Lysobacter were lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants; in contrast, those of infected A. muelleri plants were higher than those in healthy plants. For fungi, the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Fusarium in the rhizosphere of infected A. konjac plants were significantly higher than those of healthy plants, but those of infected A. muelleri plants were lower than those of healthy plants. The relative abundance of beneficial Penicillium fungi was lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants, and that of infected A. muelleri plants was higher than that of healthy plants. These findings can provide theoretical references for further functional research and utilization of Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere microbial communities in the future.

Anti-colonic Inflammation by Black Raspberries through Regulating Toll-like Receptor-4 Signaling in Interlukin-10 Knockout Mice

Yi-Wen Huang,Carla Elena Echeveste,Kiyoko Oshima,Jianying Zhang,Martha Yearsley,Jianhua Yu,Li-Shu Wang 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.2

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, with a steadily rising prevalence in Western and newly industrialized countries. UC patients have a cancer incidence as high as 10% after 20 years of the disease. Although the importance of fruits and vegetables in defense against UC is beginning to be appreciated, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, we reported that dietary black raspberries (BRBs) decreased colonic inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice. We then used colon, spleen, and plasma from those mice to investigate whether BRBs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by correcting dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling to downregulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Other studies reported that spleen is the reservoir of macrophages and depletion of macrophages in IL-10 KO mice prevents the development of colitis. Our results showed that BRBs decreased the percentages of macrophages in spleens of IL-10 KO mice. Moreover, mechanistically, the BRB diet corrected dysregulated TLR-4 signaling in cells from the colon and spleen, decreased PGE2 and prostaglandin I2, and increased 15-lipoxygenase and its product, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, in plasma of IL- 10 KO mice. Therefore, we have elucidated one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BRBs, and have identified biomarkers that could be indicators of response in UC patients treated with them. Our findings with BRBs could well apply to many other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.