한·중 2음절 同素逆序語 연구

JIANG TINGTING,김정남(Kim, Jung-nam) 우리말글학회 2014 우리말 글 Vol.61 No.-

한국어 한자어와 중국어 어휘 사이의 유사성과 차이점은 중국인 학습자에게 도움이 되기도 하고 방해가 되기도 한다. 특히 同素逆序語는 한국 한자어와 중국어 어휘가 구성 요소의 결합 순서 차이로 인하여 학습에 어려움을 겪는 부분이다. 특히 자주 사용하는 단어들에서 이러한 동소역서어가 나올 때 대치 오류를 일으킬 수도 있고 혼동의 여지가 많다. 따라서 본고에서는 중국인 학습자들이 한국어능력시험을 준비할 때 보편적으로 사용하는 한국어 어휘 학습어의 하나인 ???能力考?必???·?法. 高級에 기초하여 이 책에 제시된 한국어 2음절 한자어를 중심으로 이에 대응되는 중국어 어휘를 찾아 대비하는 방식으로 연구를 진행하였다. 우선 2음절 한자어를 중심으로 同素逆序 관계에 있는 한국어 한자어와 중국어 어휘 사이의 의미관계에 따라 동의관계, 부분동의관계, 이의관계 3가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 여기서 제시하는 釋義는 한국어의 경우 국립국어원의 표준국어대사전 을 기준으로 삼고 중국어는 商務印書館의 現代漢語大辭典을 기준으로 삼았다. 그리고 각각의 유형에서 다시 동소역서 관계가 한·중 간에 존재하는지, 한국어 한자어 내부에서는 존재하지 않는지, 중국어 내부에서는 존재하지 않는지를 구분하여 한국어와 중국어 사이에만 동소역서어가 존재하는 유형(일대일 유형), 중국어 내에 동소역서어 쌍이 함께 존재하는 유형(일대이 유형), 한국어 내에 동소역서어 쌍이 함께 존재하는 유형(이대일 유형), 한국어와 중국어 내에 모두 각기 동소역서어 쌍이 존재하는 유형(이대이 유형)의 네 가지 유형으로 나누었다. 이를 토대로 한중 동소역서어 어휘 129쌍을 분류하고 목록화하여 제시하였다. Similarities and differences between Korean Sino-Korean word and Mandarin vocabulary can be a help but also a hindrance to Chinese students. Due to differences of combined components"s order in the Korea Sino-Korean word and Chinese vocabulary, especially the inverted Morphemes is a difficult part to learn. If the inverted Morphemes are found in particular among frequently used words, replacement errors will be caused and there will be more possibilities of confusion. Therefore in this thesis, I chose the two syllables of Sino-Korean words from one of the Korean vocabulary learning books named 『???能力考?必???·?法. 高級』 that commonly is used by Chinese learners preparing for the Test of Proficiency in Korean. Basically, I carried this study out by a way of contrasting these two syllables of Sino-Korean words with its corresponded the Chinese vocabularies that I found. Firstly, according to the semantic relationship between Korean Sino-Korean word and Mandarin vocabulary which has the inverted Morphemes relationship, I tried to classified it into three types that are similar relation, partly similar relation and no relation. The explanation of meaning for Korean is based on The National Institute of the Korean Language"s 『Korean standard unabridged dictionary』 and for Mandarin is based on The Commercial Press"s Modern Chinese dictionary. In every type, the inverted Morphemes have been divided into four patterns based on if there are the inverted Morpheme relationship between Korean and Mandarin, or only in Korean, only in Mandarin, and both in Korean and Mandarin. There are 129 pairs of the inverted Morphemes between Korean and Mandarin, and they have been classified and attached in appendix.

Evaluation of digital dental models obtained from dental cone-beam computed tomography scan of alginate impressions

Tingting Jiang,Sang-Mi Lee,Yanan Hou,Xin Chang,Hyeon-Shik Hwang 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Objective: To investigate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models obtained from the dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of alginate impressions according to the time elapse when the impressions are stored under ambient conditions. Methods: Alginate impressions were obtained from 20 adults using 3 different alginate materials, 2 traditional alginate materials (Alginoplast and Cavex Impressional) and 1 extended-pour alginate material (Cavex ColorChange). The impressions were stored under ambient conditions, and scanned by CBCT immediately after the impressions were taken, and then at 1 hour intervals for 6 hours. After reconstructing three-dimensional digital dental models, the models were measured and the data were analyzed to determine dimensional changes according to the elapsed time. The changes within the measurement error were regarded as clinically acceptable in this study. Results: All measurements showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in the elapsed time after the impressions. Although the extended-pour alginate exhibited a less decreasing tendency than the other 2 materials, there were no statistically significant differences between the materials. Changes above the measurement error occurred between the time points of 3 and 4 hours after the impressions. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that digital dental models can be obtained simply from a CBCT scan of alginate impressions without sending them to a remote laboratory. However, when the impressions are not stored under special conditions, they should be scanned immediately, or at least within 2 to 3 hours after the impressions are taken.

Periparturient stocking density affects lying and ruminating behavior and one-week-calf performance of Holstein cows

Jiang Mingming,Alugongo Gibson Maswayi,Xiao Jianxin,Li Congcong,Ma Yulin,Li Tingting,Cao Zhijun,Liu Dasen 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 (“d-” means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance.Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 (“d-” means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period.Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams.Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

Detection of reactive oxygen species generated by microwave electrodeless discharge lamp and application in photodegradation of H2S

Jiang Yu,Yang Yu,Tingting Zhang,Liqiong Zheng 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.7

The photodegradation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was examined using a self-made microwave electrodeless discharge lamp (MEDL). The features of the MEDL had been tested. The results showed that the MEDL absorbed 18.3, 32.7 and 41.8W power at the microwave (MW) output power of 165, 330 and 660W, respectively. The intensity of the emitted light increased with increasing MW output power. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by irradiated air and nitrogen were detected, respectively. It was illustrated that the irradiated air could generate a number of ROS, at least including 1O2 and •OH. And the amount of ROS increased with increasing MW output power. In photodegradation of H2S process, the effects of MW output power and gas composition were investigated. The removal efficiency of H2S under nitrogen was obviously lower compared with that under air. The removal efficiency of H2S increased with increasing MW output power.

Metathetic Degradation of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber via Ru-Alkylidene Complex Catalyzed Reaction

Tingting Zou,Bin Jiang,Shaohui Lin,Qinmin Pan 한국고분자학회 2016 폴리머 Vol.40 No.5

Metathetic degradation and functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were performed with allyl hexanoate, allyl chloroacetate, 5-hexenyl acetate and trifluoroethyl methacrylate as chain transfer agents (CTAs) using Grubbs 2<SUP>nd</SUP> generation catalyst. It has been demonstrated that the catalyst concentration, CTA concentration and reaction time were major factors influencing the molecular weights and polydispersity indices of targeted telechelic SBR oligomers. Well-defined oligomers with molecular weights ranging from 700 to 36600 g mol<SUP>-1</SUP> and polydispersity indices ranging from 1.17 to 4.79 were realized. The structures of the SBR oligomers were determined by FTIR and <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR analyses, which indicated that the functional groups of the CTAs were successfully attached onto the end of the polymer chains. To further investigate the performance of SBR oligomers, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed, which indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the metathesis products decreased with longer reaction time.

Characterization of a Novel β-Glucosidase-Like Activity from a Soil Metagenome

Chengjian Jiang,Gefei Ma,Shuangxi Li,Tingting Hu,Zhiqun Che,Peihong Shen,Bing Yan,Bo Wu 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.5

We report the cloning of a novel β-glucosidase-like gene by function-based screening of a metagenomic library from uncultured soil microorganisms. The gene was named bgl1C and has an open reading frame of 1,443 base pairs. It encodes a 481 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of about 57.8 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence did not show any homology with known β-glucosidases. The putative β-glucosidase gene was subcloned into the pETBlue-2 vector and overexpressed in E. coli Tuner (DE3) pLacІ; the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. Functional characterization with a high performance liquid chromatography method demonstrated that the recombinant Bgl1C protein hydrolyzed D-glucosyl-β-(1-4)-D-glucose to glucose. The maximum activity for Bgl1C protein occurred at pH 8.0 and 42°C using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucoside as the substrate. A CaCl2 concentration of 1 mM was required for optimal activity. The putative β-glucosidase had an apparent Km value of 0.19 mM, a Vmax value of 4.75 U/mg and a kcat value of 316.7/min under the optimal reaction conditions. The biochemical characterization of Bgl1C has enlarged our understanding of the novel enzymes that can be isolated from the soil metagenome.

Zearalenone exposure affects the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and related genes of porcine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro

Song Tingting,Yang Weiren,Huang Libo,Yang Zaibin,Jiang Shuzhen 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: Zearalenone (ZEA) has estrogen-like effects. Our previous study has shown that ZEA (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) could induce abnormal uterine proliferation through transforming growth factor signaling pathway. To further study the other regulatory networks of uterine hypertrophy caused by ZEA, the potential mechanism of ZEA on porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PECs) was explored by the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system. Methods: The PECs were treated with ZEA at 0 (ZEA0), 5 (ZEA5), 20 (ZEA20), and 80 (ZEA80) μmol/L for 24 h. The collected cells were subjected to cell cycle, RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Results: The proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases decreased (p<0.05), but the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased (p<0.05) in the ZEA80 treatment. Data analysis revealed that the expression of Wnt pathway-related genes, estrogen-related genes, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related genes increased (p<0.05), but the expression of genetic stability genes decreased (p<0.05) with increasing ZEA concentrations. The relative mRNA and protein expression of WNT1, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were increased (p<0.05) with ZEA increasing, while the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, our immunofluorescence results indicate that β-catenin accumulated around the nucleus from the cell membrane and cytoplasm with increasing ZEA concentrations. Conclusion: In summary, ZEA can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating WNT1 and β-catenin expression, to promote the proliferation and development of PECs. At the same time, the up-regulation of GSK-3β and down-regulation of CCND1, as well as the mRNA expression of other pathway related genes indicated that other potential effects of ZEA on the uterine development need further study. Objective: Zearalenone (ZEA) has estrogen-like effects. Our previous study has shown that ZEA (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) could induce abnormal uterine proliferation through transforming growth factor signaling pathway. To further study the other regulatory networks of uterine hypertrophy caused by ZEA, the potential mechanism of ZEA on porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PECs) was explored by the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system.Methods: The PECs were treated with ZEA at 0 (ZEA0), 5 (ZEA5), 20 (ZEA20), and 80 (ZEA80) μmol/L for 24 h. The collected cells were subjected to cell cycle, RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis.Results: The proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases decreased (p<0.05), but the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased (p<0.05) in the ZEA80 treatment. Data analysis revealed that the expression of Wnt pathway-related genes, estrogen-related genes, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related genes increased (p<0.05), but the expression of genetic stability genes decreased (p<0.05) with increasing ZEA concentrations. The relative mRNA and protein expression of WNT1, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were increased (p<0.05) with ZEA increasing, while the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, our immunofluorescence results indicate that β-catenin accumulated around the nucleus from the cell membrane and cytoplasm with increasing ZEA concentrations.Conclusion: In summary, ZEA can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by up-regulating WNT1 and β-catenin expression, to promote the proliferation and development of PECs. At the same time, the up-regulation of GSK-3β and down-regulation of CCND1, as well as the mRNA expression of other pathway related genes indicated that other potential effects of ZEA on the uterine development need further study.

Fully Distributed Formation Tracking for High-order Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems with Heterogeneous Uncertainties

Weilai Jiang,Tingting Xi,Yaonan Wang,Wenqiang Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.12

This article investigates the fully distributed formation tracking issue for high-order nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with heterogeneous uncertainties and a directed interaction graph. In order to estimate the nonlinear dynamics for followers, external disturbances as well as the control input of leader, which are all not known, a distributed extended state observer (ESO) is constructed. Depending on ESOs’ estimations, a new fully distributed formation protocol is proposed to achieve the anti-disturbance formation tracking of an unknown input leader. A specified algorithm of the protocol is given and the feasibility condition for realizing the desired formation tracking is derived. It is theoretically demonstrated that the high-order uncertain nonlinear MASs can realize the formation tracking within the proposed protocol provided the feasibility condition is satisfied. The simulations are performed for proving the validity and improvements of theoretical analysis.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hierarchical Hollow Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 Microspheres for Lithium Ion Batteries

Liu Wenlong,Jiang Weiwei,Yan Chenran,Feng Wei,Wang Dongxia,Zhao Liming,Feng Tingting,Gong Feng 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.11

Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 (NCA) cathode material for lithium ion batteries is synthesized by calcining Ni–Co–Al hydroxide or carbonate hydroxide hydrate precursor, which is obtained by hydrothermal method, and the NCA cathode material is hierarchical hollow microspheres with the diameter in the range of 3–5 µm and composed of nanoflakes and/or nanowires. The effect of hydrothermal reaction time on the morphologies and the crystalline quality of the NCA cathode material is investigated on the basis of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tunneling electron microscopy. The NCA cathode material shows smooth and monotonous charge/discharge characteristics, delivers a reversible capacity as 144.4 mAh/g and retains 90.4% after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C between 2.5 and 4.3 V.

Treatment of penicillin with supercritical water oxidation: Experimental study of combined ReaxFF molecular dynamics

Tengzhou Ma,Tingting Hu,Dandan Jiang,Jinli Zhang,Wei Li,You Han,Banu Örmeci 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.4

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of penicillin (PCN) was investigated under different operating conditions. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate could reach 99.4% at 400 oC, 24MPa, 1min and oxidation coefficient (OC) of 2. Experimental results showed that COD removal had no significant dependence on temperature and pressure variations. By contrast, COD removal could be significantly promoted with OC increasing from 0 to 2.0, but the effect was negligible as the OC further increased; similarly, longer residence time than a definite value seemed to contribute little to COD removal. Initial and deeper degradation pathways of penicillin were proposed based on the reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. By tracing the evolution of intermediates, the migration routes of S and N during the SCWO process were obtained with H2S and NO2 produced as the corresponding products. Simulation results showed that SCW and oxidant not only accelerated the degradation by producing highly reactive radicals or molecules, but also participated in reactions by serving as H and O sources. Moreover, catalysis of water clusters in C-heteroatom bond cleavage was also observed.