조선조 음악의 『시경』 수용과 활용 양상

송지원(Song, Ji-Won) 숭실대학교 한국문학과예술연구소 2016 한국문학과 예술 Vol.19 No.-

고대 중국의 가장 오래된 시가집으로서의 『시경』은 사서삼경의 경전으로 우리나라에 유입되어 유학사(儒學史)에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 특히 『시경』은 음악과 관련된 경전으로서 원래 노랫말이 있는 음악이었으며, “『시경』은 곧 『악경』”이라고 보는 학자들도 있으리만치 음악적인 면에서 중요한 경전의 위치를 점하고 있다. 특히 유학의 심화가 이루어지는 조선조에 『시경』은 문학 텍스트만이 아닌, 노랫말 있는 음악이라는 시각이 확대되었다. 텍스트만 남은 시에 노래 선율이 있다면 그 선율의 모습은 사람들마다 다르게 그려질 수 있다. 따라서 조선에서는 학문적 권위를 지니는 주희가 선택한 시경 선율을 유입하고 그것을 손보아 여러 의례에서 활용하였다. 또 『시경』의 텍스트가 지니고 있는 교화적 기능은 그 노랫말에 당시 쓰이고 있는 여러 선율을 붙여 연주하는 시도로 이어기지도 했다. 조선 전기에 여러 의례를 제정하는 가운데 활용된 『시경』의 노랫말 선택 양상에서 그러한 시도들을 찾을 수 있다. 그런가 하면 조선 후기로 가면서 『시경』이 ‘시와 악’의 화두와 함께 학문적 논의가 심화되는 현상들이 이어진다. 이처럼 조선조 음악에서 『시경』을 수용하거나 활용하는 사례는 다양하다. 이 글에서 그와 같은 양상에 대해 논의하였다. 첫째, 『시경』의 음악이 남아 있지 않기 때문에 중국에서 모의시악(模擬詩樂)을 만들어 놓은 음악을 조선이 수용하고 그것을 활용하는 양상에 대한 것, 둘째, 텍스트만 남아 있는 『시경』의 가사에 제3의 선율을 입혀 활용하는 양상, 셋째, 그러한 『시경』 관련 음악들이 여러 의례에서 쓰이는 양상에 관한 내용을 살펴보았다. 또 『시경』이 ‘노래가 있는 음악’이라는 전제에서 성립한 시악학(詩樂學)으로의 전개 양상에 관한 것도 논의하였다. The Book of Songs, which is the oldest book of poetry of the ancient China, is one of the scriptures of the Seven Chinese Classics and influenced the history of Confucianism after entering Korea. Especially, the Book of Songs is a scripture related to music which used to have lyrics and takes an important position as a scripture in terms of music so that some scholars even view the Book of Songs as the Scripture of Music. Especially in the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism took its root firmly, the view that considered the Book of Songs as music with lyrics, not just as literary text, spread widely. If a poem that used to have a melody has only its text left, its melody will be imagined differently by different people. So during the Joseon Dynasty, the melody of the Book of Songs that had been chosen by Zhu Xi, who held academic authority, was introduced to Joseon, touched up, and used in various ceremonies. In addition, the edifying function of the text of the Book of Songs led to the efforts to combine the lyrics with various melodies that were used at that time. Such efforts can be found in the aspect of choosing lyrics of the Book of Songs, which were used in establishing various ceremonies in the early Joseon era. In the meantime, in the late Joseon era, there were in-depth academic discussions on the Book of Songs along with the theme of ‘poetry and music’. Like this, there were various cases where music in the Joseon Dynasty accepted or used the Book of Songs and this paper discussed such aspect. First of all, this paper examined the aspect of how Joseon accepted and used what China made as trial poetry and music, since the music of the Book of Songs does not exist now. Second, it reviewed the aspect of combining the lyrics of the Book of Songs with a third melody. Third, it studied the aspect of how music related to the Book of Songs was used in various ceremonies. Also, it discussed the developing aspect of the study of poetry and music that was formed under the premise that the Book of Songs was ‘music with songs’.

석북 한시의 공연예술화에 대한 소고

송지원 ( Song Ji-won ) 한국공연문화학회(구 한국고전희곡학회) 2016 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.33

석북 신광수는 시창(詩唱) 「관서악부(關西樂府)」의 작가로 잘 알려진 조선후기의 시인이다. 「관서악부」는 조선시대의 음악인들에게 인기가 있었던 시창이다. 그것을 통해 신광수의 한시에 선율을 붙여 노래 불렀던 전통이 이미 조선시대에 있었음이 확인된다. 이는 조선시대의 한시가 노랫말로 사용되었던 증거의 하나이다. 석북 외에도 조선시대의 문인들은 한시를 짓고 직접 노래했다. 이 경우 노래의 소통 공간은 작자 개인의 사랑방이 된다. 그러나 석북의 작품처럼 그것이 음악인들에 의해 노래로 불려질 때, 이는 많은 사람들과 소통하는 음악으로 공개된다. 이 글은 이미 조선시대에 사람들의 인기를 얻었던 석북 신광수의 한시와 음악을 이 시대의 무대에서도 소통될 수 있는 음악으로 만들기 위한 하나의 새로운 시도이다. 그의 한시를 일정 선율에 얹어 실제 무대를 통해 음악화한 작업의 사례를 소개함으로써 한시의 공연예술화에 대해 생각해 보는 기회를 갖기 위한 것이다. 신광수의 한시는 그 작품 수도 많지만 한시 하나하나에 그의 삶을 조망할 수 있는 내용이 포함되어 있다. 따라서 그의 한시 작품을 통해 그의 삶에서 있었던 주요한 사건을 이야기하는 ‘스토리텔링’이 가능해진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신광수의 음악적 삶을 조명하고 그의 한시를 공연예술화하는 방식과 그 내용에 대해 소개해 보고자 한다. Shin Gwang-su (申光洙, 1712∼1775), also known as Seokbuk (石北), is a well-known poet and author of the song poetry (詩唱) “Gwanseo-akbu (Poems of the Gwanseo Region, 關西樂府)” in the late Joseon Dynasty. “Gwanseo-akbu” was popular among the Joseon Dynasty musicians. This fact confirms that the tradition of adding a melody to Shin Gwang-su’s “hansi (Korean poetry recorded in Chinese characters, 漢詩)” already existed in the Joseon Dynasty. It is also a proof that the hansi poem was used in songs. Besides Seokbuk, other literary figures in the Joseon Dynasty wrote and sang hansi. In that case, the place of communication for songs was a poet’s personal study, or “sarangbang.” But when, like the works by Seokbuk, poems were sung by musicians, they became available to the public to communicate through music. This study is one of the attempts to re-make Seokbuk Shin Gwang-su’s poems and songs, once popular among the Joseon Dynasty people, into the contemporary music that can be performed on stage. By adding a certain melody to his poems, this study introduces a case of musical work and offers an opportunity to consider hansi as performance art. There is a number of hansi works by Shin Gwang-su, and each poem includes material which can help survey Shin Gwang-su’s musical life. And, working on his hansi works makes it possible to narrate major events that took place in Shin’s life. Thus, this study attempts to focus Shin Gwang-su’s musical life and introduces methods and contents to stage his hansi poems as performance art.

The Potential Application of Beta-carotene Derived from Recombinant E.coli to Anti-wrinkle Cosmetics

JI Song Jo,Bo Mi Ku,Jae Ran Lee,You Geun Kim,Sang Soo Kang,Sung Bae Kim,Seon-Won Kim,Chang-Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.4

Is the N1c category of the new american joint committee on cancer staging system applicable to patients with rectal cancer who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy?

Song, Joon Seon,Chang, Hee Jin,Kim, Dae Yong,Kim, Sun Young,Baek, Ji Yeon,Park, Ji Won,Park, Sung Chan,Choi, Hyo Seong,Oh, Jae Hwan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Cancer Vol.117 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Pericolorectal tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer, and the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system recently classified TDs without regional lymph node metastasis as category N1c. However, the definition of TDs has varied. Moreover, with the recent, widespread application of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancers, residual primary tumor confined to the mesorectum is not infrequent, and it is unclear whether the N1c category is appropriate for these tumors.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>To evaluate the prognostic significance of the N1c classification in patients with rectal cancers after preoperative CRT, the authors reviewed the histologic features of 136 rectal cancers that were classified previously with a tumor classification of 3 [T3], negative lymph nodes [N0], and no metastasis [M0] based on the pathologic extent of disease (ypT3N0M0). These tumors were reclassified according to the new AJCC staging system, and patient outcomes were analyzed.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>Perirectal TDs were detected in 16 of 136 patients (11.8%). Patterns of TD included a separate nodule pattern in 6 patients (38%), a perivascular pattern in 4 patients (25%), a perineural pattern in 4 patients (25%), and a lymphatic pattern in 2 patients (12%). By using the new N1c category, 120 patients (88.2%) were classified with yp‐stage IIA disease, 6 patients (4.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIA disease, and 10 patients (7.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIB disease. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the TD‐positive and TD‐negative groups in disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) (<I>P</I> = .48 for both; log‐rank test). In addition, the reclassified TMN stage was not related to DFS (<I>P</I> = .17) or OS (<I>P</I> = .072).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>The category N1c may not be appropriate for patients with rectal cancer after preoperative CRT, because the definition of ypN1c was confusing and did not have prognostic significance. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.</P>

Inactivated Sendai-virus-mediated fusion improves early development of cloned bovine embryos by avoiding endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-associated apoptosis

Song, Bong-Seok,Kim, Ji-Su,Yoon, Seung-Bin,Lee, Kyu-Sun,Koo, Deog-Bon,Lee, Dong-Seok,Choo, Young-Kug,Huh, Jae-Won,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Sun-Uk,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Hwan Mook,Chang, Kyu-Tae CSIRO Publishing 2011 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.23 No.6

<P> Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a powerful tool, not only for producing cloned animals, but also in revealing various early developmental events. However, relatively little is known regarding the biological events and underlying mechanism(s) directly associated with early development of SCNT embryos. Here, we show that production of high-quality bovine SCNT blastocysts is dependent on the method used for fusion and the associated reduction in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. During fusion between the donor cell and the enucleated oocyte, electrofusion triggers spontaneous oocyte activation, accompanied by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and improper nuclear remodelling. These events can be greatly reduced by the use of Sendai virus (SV)-mediated fusion. Moreover, SV-SCNT improves the blastulation rate and blastocyst quality, defined by the number and ratio of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells in each blastocyst, in comparison with electrofusion-mediated SCNT (E-SCNT). Interestingly, expression of ER-stress-associated genes and blastomere apoptosis were significantly increased in E-SCNT embryos. These increases could be reversed by inhibition of ER stress or by using the SV-mediated fusion method. Collectively, these results indicate that SV-mediated fusion improves the developmental competence and quality of SCNT blastocysts, by reducing ER-stress-associated apoptosis. </P>

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with the VanD phenotype and vanA genotype.

Song, Joon Young,Cheong, Hee Jin,Seo, Yu Bin,Kim, In Seon,Heo, Jung Yeon,Noh, Ji Yun,Choi, Won Suk,Kim, Woo Joo National Institute of Infectious Diseases 2013 Japanese journal of infectious diseases Vol.66 No.1

<P>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains with the VanD phenotype and vanA genotype (VanD-vanA) have been reported in Asian countries. The VanD phenotype is characterized by low-level resistance to vancomycin and susceptibility or intermediate resistance to teicoplanin. We retrospectively determined the risk factors, clinical outcomes, and virulence factors for VanD-vanA VRE (20 patients colonized with Enterococcus faecium) compared to VanA-vanA VRE (20 patients colonized with E. faecium). Multiple VRE colonizations and recent glycopeptide use were related to the presence of the VanA phenotype. There were no significant differences between patients colonized with VanD-vanA VRE and VanA-vanA VRE for duration of hospital stay, duration of intensive care unit stay, or hospital mortality. The esp gene was identified from all enterococci, while 90% of VanD-vanA VRE isolates and 95% of VanA-vanA VRE isolates were positive for the hyl gene. VanA-vanA VRE was subsequently isolated from sequential samples in 8 of 20 patients (40%) with VanD-vanA VRE. All of these patients had received glycopeptides during the interval between sample collection, and 2 of 8 paired isolates (VanD-vanA VRE and VanA-vanA VRE) were closely related subtypes according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. In conclusion, VanD-vanA VRE isolates might represent an unstable, heterogeneous population that can convert to the VanA phenotype after exposure to glycopeptides.</P>

Thickness of posterior palatal masticatory mucosa: The use of computerized tomography

( Ji Eun Song ),( Yoo Jung Um ),( Chang Sung Kim ),( Seong Ho Choi ),( Kyoo Sung Cho ),( Chong Kwan Kim ),( Jung Kiu Chai ),( Ui Won Jung ) 대한치주과학회 2007 대한치주과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2007 No.2

A Case of Paederus Dermatitis

( Song Kim ),( Ji Ho Park ),( Joo Heung Lee ),( Jun Mo Yang ),( Eil Soo Lee ),( Jung Keun Kim ),( Won Serk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2007 Annals of Dermatology Vol.19 No.2

Paederus dermatitis is a characteristic irritant contact dermatitis caused by paederin which is a chemical substance released by insects of the genus Paederus. Erythematous vesiculobullous eruption with a burning sensation occur within 24 hours after contact with Paederus. This dermatitis is frequently seen in regions with hot, tropical climates such as Africa and the Middle East. There have been a few reports of Paederus dermatitis in Korea. We recently had a patient with Paederus dermatitis who traveled to Kenya. We would like to highlight an awareness of this peculiar dermatitis due to the increasing numbers of travelers visiting tropical countries. (Ann Dermatol (Seoul) 19(2) 88~90, 2007)

Unrecorded species of Korean metazoans discovered through the project of "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species" (2006-2010)

Song, Ji-Hun,Han, Yeong-Deok,Lee, Won-Koo,Kim, Il-Hoi,Paik, Sang-Gyu,Lee, Jongrak,Soh, Ho Young,Lee, Wonchoel,Jung, Jongwoo,Kim, Sa Heung,Lee, Jun-Sang,Kim, Joo-Pil,Park, Taeseo,Yoo, Jung-Sun,Kil, Hyu The National Institute of Biological Resources 2017 Journal of species research Vol.6 No.no.spc

A research project entitled "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species" was launched in 2006, and has been carried on as a continuous project until now. The main purpose of this project is to find undiscovered species on the Korean peninsula and ultimately register these species in the "National List of Species of Korea". In this paper, we present 79 unrecorded species of the Korean metazoans. All species were obtained from the final reports of "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species" which were performed during the first five years of the project, 2006 to 2010.

e-Poster : Predictive factors of relapse in adult with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (초)

( Ji Won Byun ),( Chan Il Bang ),( Bo Hee Yang ),( Sung Hyub Han ),( Hee Jin Song ),( Seung Gyun In ),( Jeong Hyun Shin ),( Gwang Seong Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2010 초록집 Vol.48 No.20