Database of National Species List of Korea: the taxonomical systematics platform for managing scientific names of Korean native species

Park, Jongsun,An, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Yongsung,Kim, Donghyun,Yang, Byeong-Gug,Kim, Taeho The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.3

A scientific name is one of changeable terms in biology whenever additional research results of specific taxa is accumulated. The Database of the National Species List of Korea (DBNKo) was developed to manage taxonomic information of Korean species, designed to describe the changeable and complex taxonomical structure and information. A Korean Taxonomical Serial Number (KTSN) was assigned to each taxon, different from the normally used systems that the scientific name was considered as primary key to manage higher rank of taxa systematically. Common names were also treated with the KTSN, reflecting that common name is considered as one type of taxon. Additional taxonomic information (e.g., synonyms, original names, and references) was also added to the database. A web interface with an intuitive dashboard presenting taxonomic hierarchical structure is provided to experts and/or managers of the DBNKo. Currently, several biological databases are available in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) such as a specimen database, a digital library, a genetic information system, and the shared species data based on the DBNKo. The DBNKo started sharing species information with other institutions such as the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources. It is an ideal centralized species database to manage standardized information of Korean species.

DNA barcoding of Euphorbiaceae in Korea

Kim, Kyeonghee,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lim, Chae Eun The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.4

The Euphorbiaceae family features some of the most economically important plants that are sources of foods, oils, waxes, and medicines. The accurate identification of Euphorbiaceae species is critical in sustainable utilization of plant resources. We examined 234 sequences of nrDNA ITS, cpDNA rbcL and matK loci from 20 species in Euphorbiaceae in Korea and three outgroup taxa to develop efficient DNA barcodes. The three barcode loci were successfully amplified and sequenced for all Euphorbiaceae species. nrDNA ITS locus showed the highest mean interspecific K2P distance (0.3034), followed by cpDNA matK (0.0830), and rbcL (0.0352) locus. The degree of species resolution for individual barcode loci ranged from 75% (rbcL and matK) to 80% (ITS). The degree of species resolution was not enhanced with the different combinations of three barcode loci. The combined data set of the three loci(ITS+rbcL+matK) provided 80% of species resolution. These results confirm that ITS locus, as a single barcode, is the best option for barcoding of the Euphorbiaceae in Korea.

Brief description of newly recorded eight ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Jae-Ho The National Institute of Biological Resources 2019 Journal of species research Vol.8 No.4

We collected ciliate species from diverse habitats (brackish water, marine water, and terrestrial ecosystems) composed of estuarine, coast, and moss samples during 2017-2018 in Korea. The morphology and infraciliature of these species were examined and identified based on the observations of living cells and protargol impregnated specimens. Of the ciliates we identified, we described eight unrecorded species in Korea as followings: class Heterotrichea - Condylostoma vorax, Peritromus kahli; class Protocruziea - Protocruzia labiata; class Spirotrichea - Hemiamphisiella granulifera; class Litostomatea - Loxophyllum chinense; class Phyllopharyngea - Trochilioides recta; and class Oligohymenophorea -Cohnilembus verminus, Uronemella filificum. Among them, Protocruzia labiata is a poorly known species. In this paper, we provide the improved diagnoses and brief descriptions of the species with their microphotographs. The taxonomic classifications of the eight species are summarized as six classes, eight orders, five families, and eight genera. These voucher slides with protargol impregnated specimens have been deposited in the National Institutes.

Neotypification of Veronica pusanensis (Scrophulariaceae)

Jang, Hyun-Do,Noh, Tae-Kwon The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.4

A type specimen is the specimen originally used to name a new species; thus, it is one of the most significant materials for taxonomic study. In our study on the inventory and management of endemic species in Korea, we checked the type materials for Pseudolysimachion pusanensis (Y. Lee) Y. Lee, combination name Veronica pusanensis Y. Lee, recorded as deposited at the herbaria of the Ewha Womans University and the National Institute of Biological Resources, and failed to find any specimens. Thus, we concluded that all type specimens of V. pusanensis have since been misplaced. According to articles 9.11 and 9.13 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, it is necessary to select a neotype if the holotype is missing and no other original material exists. Therefore, we designate the neotype maintained in the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources of the Republic of Korea.

Correction of the holotype citations of three vascular plants at the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea

Jang, Hyun-Do,Oh, Hyun-Kyung,Hyun, Chang-Woo,Nam, Gi-Heum The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.3

A holotype is an element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and is key material that facilitates taxonomic research. However, type citation or designation errors due to typographical errors or inadvertent mistakes often exist. When reviewing recently published literature for the type specimens of vascular plants in the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, we observed that three species, Isoetes laosiensis, Isoetes coreana, and Huperzia jejuensis, had errors, and the actual holotype information and the type descriptions of the protologues did not match. The name Isoetes laosiensis had a collecting number error, while Isoetes coreana and Huperzia jejuensis had collector errors. According to Article 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen code), if a holotype designation in the protologue of the name of a taxon is found to contain errors such as collector, collecting number, and illustration errors, the errors are to be corrected. We, therefore, corrected the errors in holotypes of three species, with no alterations made to the intents of the original authors.

New record of Pilaria crane flies(Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea

Podenas, Sigitas,Park, Sun-Jae,Byun, Hye-Woo The National Institute of Biological Resources 2022 Journal of species research Vol.11 No.1

This study is based on crane fly specimens collected during more than 80 years, starting from 1938 through 2019, in the Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea and are in collections maintained at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; the Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; and the National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea. Pilaria crane flies are aquatic and semiaquatic, developing in fast running and stagnant water bodies and in wet muddy places at the margins of water pools. Such habitats usually prevail at lower altitudes, but these areas most often are used for agriculture and human settlement, making natural habitats scarce and fragmented. Pilaria crane flies are rare, thus it is not surprising that genus was left unnoticed by previous researchers. The genus Pilaria Sintenis, 1889 with two species P. melanota Alexander, 1922 and P. simulans Savchenko, 1983, is a new record for the Korean Peninsula. We present general information on the genus, redescriptions of species based on Korean specimens, illustrations of both sexes, elevation range, period of activity, habitat information, general distribution, and a distribution map for the Korean Peninsula for each species.

Phylidorea crane flies(Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea

Podenas, Sigitas,Park, Sun-Jae,Byun, Hye-Woo The National Institute of Biological Resources 2022 Journal of species research Vol.11 No.1

This study is based on crane fly specimens collected during more than 80 years, from 1937 through 2019, and are in collections maintained at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; at Korea University collection, Seoul, South Korea, and the National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea. Three species belonging to genus Phylidorea Bigot, 1854 originally were described from North Korea and in total four species were known from the Peninsula. Phylidorea (Phylidorea) multidentata (Alexander, 1938) is a Korean endemic. We are adding P. (P.) melanommata (Alexander, 1921) to the list of Korean species, which was previously recorded from Japan and Far East of Russia. We present general information on genus and subgenera, redescriptions of species based on Korean specimens, illustrations of both sexes, elevation range, period of activity, habitat information, general distribution, and a distribution map for the Korean Peninsula (including North Korea) for each species.

Type specimens of Korean vascular plants in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE)

Grabovskaya-Borodina, Alisa E.,Illarionova, Irina D.,Tatanov, Ivan V.,Lee, Byoung-Yoon,Lim, Chae Eun The National Institute of Biological Resources 2013 Journal of species research Vol.2 No.2

The article provides information on type specimens of 150 taxa of vascular plants from Korea, kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For all specimens, type category is indicated. Lectotypes for the names of Clematis brachyura Maxim., C. spectabilis Palib., Corydalis wilfordii Regel, Poa viridula Palib., Polygonum marretii H. L$\acute{e}$v., P. sagittatum L. var. hallaisanense H. L$\acute{e}$v., P. taquetii H. L$\acute{e}$v. and P. thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. var. coreana H. L$\acute{e}$v. were designated. Type specimens examined in this article belong to the taxa described by Russian botanists V.L. Komarov, K.J. Maximovicz and I.V. Palibin, French botanist A.A.H. L$\acute{e}$veill$\acute{e}$ (some with co-author E. Vaniot) and others.

Recent progress in studies of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of South Korea with seven new records for the Korean Peninsula

Kotov, Alexey A.,Sinev, Artem Y.,Garibian, Petr G.,Neretina, Anna N.,Jeong, Hyun Gi,Lee, Wonchoel,Chae, Kyu-Seok,Min, Gi-Sik The National Institute of Biological Resources 2017 Journal of species research Vol.6 No.no.spc

A study of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Korean Peninsula resulted in the checklist of Jeong et al. (2014). Several sampling campaigns conducted by our team since 2014, with the framework of the programs supported by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), have resulted in a considerable increase in the number of water bodies studied in South Korea. In this report, seven new records for the Korean Peninsula are provided: (1) Macrothrix vietnamensis Silva-Briano, Dieu and Dumont, 1999; (2) Disparalona chappuisi (Brehm, 1931); (3) Pleuroxus(Picripleuroxus) quasidenticulatus (Smirnov, 1996); (4) Acroperus africanus Neretina and Kotov, 2015; (5) Alona ossiani herricki Sinev, 2013; (6) Coronatella trachystriata (Chen, Zhang and Liu, 1994); (7) Leydigia louisi Jenkin, 1934. Most of these taxa belong to the southern thermophilic complex. In addition several populations of Pleuroxus (Picripleuroxus) denticulatus Birge, 1879 and Pseudochydorus globosus (Baird, 1843) were re-studied, and their presence in Korea is confirmed. Through increased collection efforts and the application of molecular methods we are confident that more new records of Korean fauna will be published in the near future.

First records of Hemicyclops tanakai Itoh and Nishida, 2002 and Tisbe ensifer Fischer, 1860 (Crustacea, Copepoda) in Korea

Karanovic, Tomislav,Lee, Wonchoel The National Institute of Biological Resources 2016 Journal of species research Vol.5 No.3

Extensive survey of invertebrates in Korea, led by the National Institute of Biological Resources in Incheon, continues to uncover many new and endemic species, but also elements of neighbouring faunas that were previously unknown here. Hemicyclops tanakai Itoh and Nishida, 2002 was originally described from estuarine mud-flats in Tokyo Bay, Japan. We report one male and two females from a sandy beach on Jeju Island, which represent its first record in Korea and second record ever. No morphological differences were observed between these two disjunct populations, so we expect more records of this species in Korea and Japan. Tisbe ensifer Fischer, 1860 was originally described from Madeira and later on reported from numerous other parts of the Northern Atlantic, as well as from the Indian Ocean. We report two females from a shallow littoral in Sokcho, which represents its first record in Korea and the first record in the entire Pacific Ocean. Because of morphological discrepancies reported in previous records we recognize that this species might be in reality a species complex, and we only tentatively identify our Korean specimens as T. cf. ensifer. We provide numerous light photographs of both species in addition to short descriptions, in hope that they might elucidate global problems of their zoogeography and dispersal of small marine invertebrates in general. Further samplings from Korea and other parts of the world will be necessary to test our identifications and phylogenetic relationships of Korean populations with molecular and other tools.