조선조 음악의 『시경』 수용과 활용 양상

송지원(Song, Ji-Won) 숭실대학교 한국문학과예술연구소 2016 한국문학과 예술 Vol.19 No.-

고대 중국의 가장 오래된 시가집으로서의 『시경』은 사서삼경의 경전으로 우리나라에 유입되어 유학사(儒學史)에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 특히 『시경』은 음악과 관련된 경전으로서 원래 노랫말이 있는 음악이었으며, “『시경』은 곧 『악경』”이라고 보는 학자들도 있으리만치 음악적인 면에서 중요한 경전의 위치를 점하고 있다. 특히 유학의 심화가 이루어지는 조선조에 『시경』은 문학 텍스트만이 아닌, 노랫말 있는 음악이라는 시각이 확대되었다. 텍스트만 남은 시에 노래 선율이 있다면 그 선율의 모습은 사람들마다 다르게 그려질 수 있다. 따라서 조선에서는 학문적 권위를 지니는 주희가 선택한 시경 선율을 유입하고 그것을 손보아 여러 의례에서 활용하였다. 또 『시경』의 텍스트가 지니고 있는 교화적 기능은 그 노랫말에 당시 쓰이고 있는 여러 선율을 붙여 연주하는 시도로 이어기지도 했다. 조선 전기에 여러 의례를 제정하는 가운데 활용된 『시경』의 노랫말 선택 양상에서 그러한 시도들을 찾을 수 있다. 그런가 하면 조선 후기로 가면서 『시경』이 ‘시와 악’의 화두와 함께 학문적 논의가 심화되는 현상들이 이어진다. 이처럼 조선조 음악에서 『시경』을 수용하거나 활용하는 사례는 다양하다. 이 글에서 그와 같은 양상에 대해 논의하였다. 첫째, 『시경』의 음악이 남아 있지 않기 때문에 중국에서 모의시악(模擬詩樂)을 만들어 놓은 음악을 조선이 수용하고 그것을 활용하는 양상에 대한 것, 둘째, 텍스트만 남아 있는 『시경』의 가사에 제3의 선율을 입혀 활용하는 양상, 셋째, 그러한 『시경』 관련 음악들이 여러 의례에서 쓰이는 양상에 관한 내용을 살펴보았다. 또 『시경』이 ‘노래가 있는 음악’이라는 전제에서 성립한 시악학(詩樂學)으로의 전개 양상에 관한 것도 논의하였다. The Book of Songs, which is the oldest book of poetry of the ancient China, is one of the scriptures of the Seven Chinese Classics and influenced the history of Confucianism after entering Korea. Especially, the Book of Songs is a scripture related to music which used to have lyrics and takes an important position as a scripture in terms of music so that some scholars even view the Book of Songs as the Scripture of Music. Especially in the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism took its root firmly, the view that considered the Book of Songs as music with lyrics, not just as literary text, spread widely. If a poem that used to have a melody has only its text left, its melody will be imagined differently by different people. So during the Joseon Dynasty, the melody of the Book of Songs that had been chosen by Zhu Xi, who held academic authority, was introduced to Joseon, touched up, and used in various ceremonies. In addition, the edifying function of the text of the Book of Songs led to the efforts to combine the lyrics with various melodies that were used at that time. Such efforts can be found in the aspect of choosing lyrics of the Book of Songs, which were used in establishing various ceremonies in the early Joseon era. In the meantime, in the late Joseon era, there were in-depth academic discussions on the Book of Songs along with the theme of ‘poetry and music’. Like this, there were various cases where music in the Joseon Dynasty accepted or used the Book of Songs and this paper discussed such aspect. First of all, this paper examined the aspect of how Joseon accepted and used what China made as trial poetry and music, since the music of the Book of Songs does not exist now. Second, it reviewed the aspect of combining the lyrics of the Book of Songs with a third melody. Third, it studied the aspect of how music related to the Book of Songs was used in various ceremonies. Also, it discussed the developing aspect of the study of poetry and music that was formed under the premise that the Book of Songs was ‘music with songs’.

석북 한시의 공연예술화에 대한 소고

송지원 ( Song Ji-won ) 한국공연문화학회(구 한국고전희곡학회) 2016 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.33

석북 신광수는 시창(詩唱) 「관서악부(關西樂府)」의 작가로 잘 알려진 조선후기의 시인이다. 「관서악부」는 조선시대의 음악인들에게 인기가 있었던 시창이다. 그것을 통해 신광수의 한시에 선율을 붙여 노래 불렀던 전통이 이미 조선시대에 있었음이 확인된다. 이는 조선시대의 한시가 노랫말로 사용되었던 증거의 하나이다. 석북 외에도 조선시대의 문인들은 한시를 짓고 직접 노래했다. 이 경우 노래의 소통 공간은 작자 개인의 사랑방이 된다. 그러나 석북의 작품처럼 그것이 음악인들에 의해 노래로 불려질 때, 이는 많은 사람들과 소통하는 음악으로 공개된다. 이 글은 이미 조선시대에 사람들의 인기를 얻었던 석북 신광수의 한시와 음악을 이 시대의 무대에서도 소통될 수 있는 음악으로 만들기 위한 하나의 새로운 시도이다. 그의 한시를 일정 선율에 얹어 실제 무대를 통해 음악화한 작업의 사례를 소개함으로써 한시의 공연예술화에 대해 생각해 보는 기회를 갖기 위한 것이다. 신광수의 한시는 그 작품 수도 많지만 한시 하나하나에 그의 삶을 조망할 수 있는 내용이 포함되어 있다. 따라서 그의 한시 작품을 통해 그의 삶에서 있었던 주요한 사건을 이야기하는 ‘스토리텔링’이 가능해진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신광수의 음악적 삶을 조명하고 그의 한시를 공연예술화하는 방식과 그 내용에 대해 소개해 보고자 한다. Shin Gwang-su (申光洙, 1712∼1775), also known as Seokbuk (石北), is a well-known poet and author of the song poetry (詩唱) “Gwanseo-akbu (Poems of the Gwanseo Region, 關西樂府)” in the late Joseon Dynasty. “Gwanseo-akbu” was popular among the Joseon Dynasty musicians. This fact confirms that the tradition of adding a melody to Shin Gwang-su’s “hansi (Korean poetry recorded in Chinese characters, 漢詩)” already existed in the Joseon Dynasty. It is also a proof that the hansi poem was used in songs. Besides Seokbuk, other literary figures in the Joseon Dynasty wrote and sang hansi. In that case, the place of communication for songs was a poet’s personal study, or “sarangbang.” But when, like the works by Seokbuk, poems were sung by musicians, they became available to the public to communicate through music. This study is one of the attempts to re-make Seokbuk Shin Gwang-su’s poems and songs, once popular among the Joseon Dynasty people, into the contemporary music that can be performed on stage. By adding a certain melody to his poems, this study introduces a case of musical work and offers an opportunity to consider hansi as performance art. There is a number of hansi works by Shin Gwang-su, and each poem includes material which can help survey Shin Gwang-su’s musical life. And, working on his hansi works makes it possible to narrate major events that took place in Shin’s life. Thus, this study attempts to focus Shin Gwang-su’s musical life and introduces methods and contents to stage his hansi poems as performance art.

Arcturina serrulatus sp. nov. and a new record of Limnoria rhombipunctata (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Isopoda) from South Korea

SONG, JI-HUN,PARK, TAESEO,KIM, WON,MIN, GI-SIK Magnolia Press 2017 Zootaxa Vol.4286 No.3

<P>A new benthic isopod species, Arcturina serrulatus sp. nov. (Arcturidae Dana, 1849), is described from South Korea. Additionally, we report Limnoria rhombipunctata Yoshino, Watabe & Ohsawa, 2017 (Limnoriidae White, 1850) from the rhizome of Zostera sp. (seagrass). These are the first records of species belonging to the families Arcturidae and Limnoriidae from South Korea. We provide detailed descriptions of the diagnostic characters of the two species. We also determined their partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) for molecular diagnosis. </P>

Basic Research on the Development of Kit and Program for Fashion Psychotherapy

( Ji Hun Yu ),( So Won Song ),( Hee Jung Son ) 복식문화학회 2010 Fashion, industry and education Vol.13 No.2

This study is a basic research to develop kit and program for fashion psychotherapy, a new genre of therapy. Symptom checklist, self-esteem evaluation, interpersonal relationship problem evaluation and fashion preference evaluation were conducted on 159 college students in Seoul. The results were analyzed with t-test and one-way ANOVA. The result showed that first, warm color preference was significantly high in interpersonal problem among psychological problems. Second, smooth material preference was significantly high in paranoia among psychological problems. Third, differences in design preferences by psychological problems were not sign significant. Fourth, differences in design preferences between abnormal range and normal range of psychological problems were significant in line shape, with depression abnormal group showing significantly high straight line preference. Additionally, complex shape preference was significant in complexity in somatization and phobia abnormal groups. This study can be utilized in kit development for a new field, fashion psychotherapy. This study is significant as practical basic data in constructing fashion psychotherapy program.

Measures of Adiposity in the Identification of Metabolic Abnormalities in Middle-aged and Older Korean Adults

( Ji Hye Park ),( Hyeon Chang Kim ),( Ju Mi Lee ),( Dong Phil Choi ),( Bo Mi Song ),( Seung Won Lee ),( Hansol Choi ),( Joo Young Lee ),( Il Suh ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2014 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Objectives: We investigated anthropometric measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in their associations with metabolic abnormalities in Korean adults. Methods: Study participants were 1,399 male and 2,325 female community dwellers aged 40-79 years. Assessed metabolic variables included blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Associations of anthropometric measures per 1-SD increase with each metabolic abnormality were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The adiposity measurements were significantly associated with all of the metabolic abnormalities, only except for with LDL cholesterol in men. In men, hypertension was more strongly associated withBMI (OR=1.58) than WC (OR=1.40) or WHtR (OR=1.44) or WHtR (OR=1.75); and hypertriglyceridemia was more closely associated with WC (OR=1.91) than BMI (OR=1.79) or WHtR (OR=1.87). In women, three adiposity measurements had similar association with metabolic abnormalities. Conclusions: Simple anthropometric measurements can be used to screen high-risk individuals of metabolic abnormalities in Korean men and women, although certain obesity indicators are more strongly with a specific kind of metabolic abnormality in men.

Enzyme-assisted extraction, chemical characteristics, and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer)

Song, Young-Ran,Sung, Su-Kyung,Jang, Mi,Lim, Tae-Gyu,Cho, Chang-Won,Han, Chun-Ji,Hong, Hee-Do Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.116 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, enzyme-assisted extraction was used to isolate functional polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (<I>Panax ginseng</I> Meyer) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the extracted polysaccharides were investigated, comparing with those from traditional hot-water extraction (FGWP). In macrophages, their effects on cytokines production could be ordered as FGEP-CA ≥ FGEP-A > FGEP-C > FGWP, suggesting that FGEP-CA (combined cellulase- and α-amylase-extracted polysaccharide) is a potent immunostimulator. In addition, enzymatic digestion led to differences in the monosaccharide profile of the extract. FGWP mainly consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucose in molar percentages of 1.8:10.1:9.2:17.8:60.6, whereas FGEP-CA was 3.2:11.4:16.5:22.3:45.8, respectively, suggesting that enzyme-assisted extraction of ginseng polysaccharides produces a higher proportion of pectin polysaccharides. The HPLC profile of FGEP-CA also showed lower and more heterogeneous molecular weights than FGWP did. In cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, FGEP-CA administration ameliorated decreased spleen and thymus indices (200 mg/kg), lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, leukocyte counts, and the serum cytokines, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ (100 and 200 mg/kg). These results suggest that enzyme-assisted extraction using cellulase and α-amylase is an effective method for the preparation of functional polysaccharides from fresh Korean ginseng, and FGEP-CA could be utilized as a potential immune-stimulatory agent.</P>

Template-engineered epitaxial BiVO₄ photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting

Song, Jaesun,Cha, Jaeseong,Lee, Mi Gyoung,Jeong, Hye Won,Seo, Sehun,Yoo, Ji Ae,Kim, Taemin Ludvic,Lee, Jongmin,No, Heesung,Kim, Do Hyun,Jeong, Sang Yun,An, Hyunji,Lee, Byoung Hun,Bark, Chung Wung,Park Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.35

<▼1><P>The photoelectrochemical properties of template-engineered epitaxial BiVO4 photoanodes have been enhanced approximately 10 times that of bare BiVO4.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has attracted significant attention as a promising photoanode material for hydrogen production <I>via</I> photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its narrow optical band gap and suitable band edge positions for water oxidation. However, the actual photoactivity of BiVO4 is considerably limited by its poor electron transport and slow water oxidation kinetics. Although several studies have been carried out to improve its photo-efficiency <I>via</I> the enhancement of electron transport and water oxidation kinetics, only a few studies have reported the growth of epitaxial BiVO4 to explore the fundamental properties of BiVO4 for PEC water splitting because extremely flat epitaxial films exhibit poor photo-efficiency because of their low surface-active area. However, studies of epitaxial BiVO4 still have the potential to provide new routes for improving its photo-efficiency. In this study, the growth of epitaxial BiVO4 is investigated using a thin γ-WO3 template layer deposited on a SrTiO3(001) substrate covered by a SrRuO3 (SRO) bottom electrode using pulsed laser deposition. Consequently, at 1.23 V <I>vs.</I> the RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), the photocurrent density of epitaxial BiVO4 on the γ-WO3 template layer (2.20 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) is approximately 10 times that of bare BiVO4, related to the effective charge transfer by the γ-WO3 intermediate layers and the subsequent increase in the surface-active area of epitaxial BiVO4. These results strongly suggest that epitaxial BiVO4 grown using a template layer can be a cornerstone for the in-depth understanding of the fundamental properties of BiVO4 for PEC water splitting.</P></▼2>

Predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs based on bioelectrical impedance analysis

( Ji Seon An ),( Ji Hwan Lee ),( Min Ho Song ),( Won Yun ),( Han Jin Oh ),( Yong Ju Kim ),( Jun Soeng Lee ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2

The objective of this study was to predict body compositions of live pigs using bioelectrical impedance procedures. In experiment 1, 32 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 84.06 kg were used. In experiment 2, 96 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 88.8 kg were used. A four-terminal body composition analyser was utilized to determine fat percentage. Lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured with a lean meat measuring meter. In experiment 1, fat percentage was not significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, although a tendency (p < 0.1) of a negative correlation was found. Backfat thickness was significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.745 and r = -0.961, respectively). Coefficients of determination for fat percentage with lean meat percentage, fat percentage with backfat thickness, and backfat thickness with lean meat percentage were 0.503, 0.566, and 0.923, respectively. In experiment 2, fat percentage was significantly correlated with lean meat percentage (r = -0.972). Backfat thickness was also significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.935 and r = -0.957, respectively). Results of this study indicate that bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful for predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs.

MicroRNA-378b represses the expression of α -1-type 1 collagen through interference with sirtuin 6

( Ji Youn Hong ),( Jin Hee Kim ),( Joo Ran Hong ),( Hye In Cheon ),( Min Seok Hur ),( Byung Gon Choi ),( Song Hee Han ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) light induces dermis destruction by modulating the expression levels of extracellular matrix-associated genes and promotes skin aging. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an established anti-aging protein, regulates collagen metabolism. However, the exact mechanism of SIRT6 expression regulated in dermal fibroblasts during the skin aging process is still unknown. Objectives: We aimed to elicit the mechanism of SIRT6 expression during the skin aging process. Methods: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured and total RNA was isolated. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) system, mRNA expression levels of α-1-type 1 collagen (COL1A1) were detected. Protein expression levels of SIRT6 were detected using western blot analysis. Results: This study revealed that microRNA-378b (miR-378b) expression was induced in UVB-exposed HDFs, and it was inversely correlated with the mRNA expression levels of COL1A1. In addition, SIRT6, a regulator of COL1A1, was directly targeted by miR-378b and its translation was inhibited. Conclusion: This study suggests that the COL1A1 mRNA expression levels are inhibited by miR-378b through interference of translation of SIRT6 mRNA. Therefore, miR-378b may associate with skin aging and collagen expression.

Nonequilibrium Deposition in Epitaxial BiVO₄ Thin Film Photoanodes for Improving Solar Water Oxidation Performance

Song, Jaesun,Choi, Kyoung Soon,Seo, Min Ji,Jo, Yong-Ryun,Lee, Jongmin,Kim, Taemin Ludvic,Jeong, Sang Yun,An, Hyunji,Jang, Ho Won,Kim, Bong-Joong,Jeon, Cheolho,Lee, Sanghan American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.16

<P>To improve the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes, various modifications such as the doping of electron donors, morphology control, and adoption of catalysts have been widely implemented, among which the formation of type-II heterojunctions has been recognized as an effective method to significantly improve the charge transport efficiency of photoelectrodes. In this regard, we report on an in situ high-quality epitaxial BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>/Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> type-II heterojunction thin-film photoanode fabricated by using pulsed laser deposition on the basis of only one BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> ceramic target using the transition between BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> and Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> crystalline phases. Herein, for the first time, we report on the structural and chemical transition between monoclinic BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> (010) and orthorhombic Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> (001) crystalline phases by simply controlling the oxygen partial pressure. Subsequently, the growth of epitaxial BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>/Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> heterojunction thin film is achieved by controlling only the oxygen partial pressure based on band alignment. At 1.23 <I>V</I><SUB>RHE</SUB>, the photocurrent density of heterojunction BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>/Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> structure is also significantly higher than that of the epitaxial BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> thin film owing to the effective charge transfer of the Bi<SUB>4</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>11</SUB> thin film. This study strongly suggests that the nonequilibrium deposition of epitaxial BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> thin films can propose a new paradigm in the structural design of photoanodes.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>