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jeevan kumar ban,유인상,정상만 한국방재학회 2016 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3
This study intended to spatially estimate the soil erosion rate of Kulekhani reservoir catchment area, Nepal applying Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), adopting remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Average soil erosion rate of watershed was found to be 195.11Mg ha -1 year -1 which is quite high as compared to threshold rate of erosion 15Mg ha -1 year -1 applicable for Himalayan region. It is concluded that soil erosion rate of comparatively 41% area was tolerable but has no distinct zone and approximately 58% area of catchment was on the verge of high to very severe intensity classes. Higher severity of soil erosion was scattered all over the watershed hence conservation measures should be implemented over whole catchment area. The research demonstrates that the use of remote sensing data and GIS has an abundant advantage in predicting soil erosion rate for the sustainable land use and ecological management planning of Himalayan region of Nepal.
Power Conversion System for Low Power High Altitude Wind Power Generating System
Jeevan Adhikari,Prasanna IV,Godwin Ponraj,S. K. Panda 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
In high altitude wind power (HAWP) generating system, medium voltage AC (MV-AC) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used. The generated electrical power is transmitted to ground without any power conditioning in the air-borne unit. The ground based power conversion system (PCS) interfaces variable voltage and variable frequency medium voltage power into distribution level grid voltage. The proposed PCS consists of a three-level vienna rectifier for generation side control, a half bridge DC-DC converter for isolation and stepdown purpose and a grid/load connected inverter for load side active power control. Three-level operation in the generation side converter reduces the switch/diode voltage stress to half and therefore allows to use low voltage rating power semiconductor devices. The vienna rectifier is controlled for sensorless maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the air-borne wind turbine. The phase lock loop (PLL) is used for speed and rotor position detection of the PMSG for optimal torque control of the airborne wind turbine (AWT). Simulation studies have been carried out using computer programs like PSIM and MATLAB. For the validation of the proposed methodology, scaled down laboratory based prototype is built and tested. The obtained experimental results confirm the performance of the PCS for interfacing HAWP generation system to the grid.
Are Free Maternity Services Completely Free of Costs?
Jeevan Acharya 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.1
Objectives: The Government of Nepal revised free maternity health services, “Aama Surakshya Karyakram”, beginning at the start of Fiscal Year 2012/13, which specifies the services to be funded, the tariffs for reimbursement, and the system for claiming and reporting on free deliveries each month. This study was designed to investigate the amount of monetary expenditure incurred by families using apparently free maternity services. Methods: Between August 2014 and December 2014, a hospital-based crosssectional study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital and Western Regional Hospital. Nepalese women were not involved with family finances and had very little knowledge of income or expenditures. Therefore, face-to-face interviews with 384 postpartum mothers with their husbands or the head of the family household were conducted at the time of discharge by using a pre-tested semi-structural questionnaire. Results: The average monthly family income was 19,272.4 NRs (189.01 US$), the median duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2-19 days), and the median patient expenditure was equivalent to 13% of annual family income. The average total visible cost was 3,887.07 NRs (38.1 US$). When the average total hidden cost of 27,288.5 NRs (267.6 US$) was added, then the average total maternity care expenditure was 31,175.6 NRs (305.76 US$), with an average cost per day of 7,167.5 NRs (70.29 US$). The mean patient expenditure on food and drink, clothes, transport, and medicine was equivalent to 53.07%, 9.8%. 7.3%, and 5.6% of the mean total maternity care expenditure, respectively. The earnings lost by respondent women, husbands, and heads of household were 5,963.7 NRs (58.4 US$), 7,429.3 NRs (72.9 US$), and 6,175.9 NRs (60.6 US$), respectively. Conclusion: The free maternity service in Nepal has high out-of-pocket expenditures, and did not represent a system completely free of costs. Therefore, arrangements should be made by hospitals free of cost to provide medicine that is not included as essential during the hospital stay and at discharge time. Similarly, arrangements for liquid, food, and hot water, as well as clothes for mothers and newborns, should be made by the hospital in order to enhance hospital attendance.
Jeevan Vettivel,Cole Bortz,Peter Gust Passias,Joseph Frederick Baker 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To describe our experience in the management and outcomes of vertebral column osteomyelitis (VCO), particularly focusing on the risk factors of early and late mortality. Overview of Literature: Previous reports suggest a global increase in spinal column infections highlighting significant morbidity and mortality. To date, there have been no reports from our local population, and no previous report has assessed the potential relationship of frailty with mortality in a cohort of patients with VCO. Methods: We reviewed 76 consecutive patients with VCO between 2009 and 2016 in Waikato Hospital, New Zealand. Demographic, clinical, microbiological, and treatment data were collected. Comorbidities were noted to calculate the modified Frailty Index (mFI). Mortality at 30 days and 1 year was recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the predictors of mortality. Results: The mean age of patients was 64.1 years, with 77.6% being male. Most patients presented with axial back pain (71.1%), with the lumbar spine most commonly affected (46%). A mean of 2.1 vertebral bodies was involved. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism of infection (35.5%), and 15.8% of patients exhibited polymicrobial infection. Twenty patients (26.3%) underwent surgical intervention, which was more likely in patients with concomitant spinal epidural abscess (odds ratio [OR], 4.88) or spondylodiscitis (OR, 3.81). Mortality rate was 5.2% at 30 days and 22.3% at 1 year. The presence of frailty (OR, 13.62) and chronic renal failure (OR, 13.40) elevated the 30-day mortality risk only in univariate analysis. An increase in age (OR, 1.07) and the number of vertebral levels (OR, 2.30) elevated the 1-year mortality risk in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Although the mFI correlated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis, it was not a significant predictor in multivariate analysis. An increase in age and the number of levels involved elevated the 1-year mortality risk.
Comprehensive analysis of CCCH zinc-finger-type transcription factors in the Brassica rapa genome
Jana Jeevan Rameneni,Vignesh Dhandapani,Parameswari Paul,Sangeeth Prasath Devaraj,최수련,이소영,김만선,홍성민,오상헌,오만호,임용표 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.5
The CCCH-type zinc finger proteins are characterized by their signature motif of three cysteine and one histidine residues. These proteins are RNA binding proteins that function in plant growth, developmental processes, and responses to various environmental stress conditions. In this study, a comprehensive analysis using computational methods allowed the identification of 63 functionally important CCCH genes in the Brassica rapa genome. Several analyses were carried out on the identified genes to understand their roles in this plant. Comparative phylogenetic analysis classified CCCH genes into six clusters, while motif and structural analyses revealed four unique CCCH motifs including different functional motifs and intron/exon variations unique to plants compared to those in other species. Real-time qRT-PCR analysis of 10 randomly selected genes indicated they function at the early stages rather than the later stages of cold and salt stress. This study provides a basic understanding of potential candidate CCCH genes in B. rapa, their structural variation, expression patterns, and their roles under different stress conditions.