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Finding the Julian Dates of the Islamic Events Before Hijra Using Computer
Al-Dargazelli, Shaikh Muhammad Al-Husseini Jamal N. Hussein Shetha,Fatoohi, Hamid M. An-Ni'aymi Louay J. 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1992 중동연구 Vol.11 No.-
A new lunar calendar, called the Muhammadan calendar, starting with the year and month of birth of the Prophet Muhammad was introduced to cover all the history of Islam which began with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. A lunar historical sequence of the most important Islamic events during the life of Prophet Muhammad was obtained by finding the dates of these events according to the Muhammadan calendar. After a profound study for the historical sources, the birth year of the Prophet Muhammad was considered to be 570 A.D. A computer program for determining the time and exact Julian date of the birth of new moons was used in addition to a manual method to determine the beginning of every Muhammadan month under consideration. The Mutammadan dates were converted into Julian dates. The exact Julian dates of the Islamic events before Hijra (migration) were found for the first time, as well as, the most accurate Julian dates of the Islamic events after Hijra. The results revealed that the most important Islamic events had occurred on Fridays, explaining why Friday is considered by Islam to be a sacred day.
TWO COMPREHENSIVE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL CALENDARS FOR ACCURATE CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAM
Fatoohi, Louay J.,al-Dargazelli, Shetha,al-Hussein,al-Casnaz, Shaykh Muhammad,Hussein, Jamal N.,An-Ni'aymi, Hamid M. 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1994 중동연구 Vol.13 No.-
Features of the Hijrah calendar and its historical background are described. The Hijrah calendar is the same calendar that the Arab inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula were using before Islam, with the minor difference of counting dates from the year of the Hijrah (emigration) of the Prophet. The Hijrah calendar neglects the pre-Hijrah era and thus does not cover the whole history of Islam. Due to this fact and the absence of a suitable calendar that covers all the Islamic history, this history in general, and the pre-Hijrah era in particular, remained unsatisfactorily dated in terms of its accuracy and consistency. The Islamic view to the calendar is investigated and it is shown that Islam imposes use of tile lunar calendar for religious purposes and endorses use of the solar calendar for other societal needs. A lunar calendar called Qamar * Muhammad * was recently introduced as a new Islamic religious calendar (al-Casnaz * * et al 1992, 1993 & 1994). A new calendar called Shams * Muhammad * is introduced as an Islamic civil calendar. These two calendars date from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad and thus cover all the Islamic history, Simple formulae for conversion between the Western and Hijrah calendars and these calendars are given. It is anticipated that use of the new calendars would enable accurate dating of the Islamic history in general, and its early eras in particular.
Muhammad Hayat,Nadeem Raza,Umair Jamal,Suryyia Manzoor,Naseem Abbas,Muhammad Imran Khan,Jechan Lee,Richard J. C. Brown,김기현 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-
As a key member of benzoylurea insecticides, lufenuron exhibits a strong potential for bioaccumulationin ecosystems. Here, we report the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and its applicationfor selective extraction of lufenuron from agricultural runoff samples. The morphology and thermalstability of the prepared MIP was characterized by SEM and TGA, respectively. The experimental conditionsfor lufenuron detection were optimized through batch binding assay and response surface methodology(RSM). The MIP showcased a two-fold enhancement in binding capacity of lufenuron (74 mg g1)relative to non-imprinted polymer (36 mg g1), when measured through batch binding assay. Using aRSM based on central composite design, the qe value was predicted as 73.6 mg g1 under optimal experimentalconditions (e.g., pH 8). Furthermore, the percentage recovery of lufenuron was estimated as98.8 ± 1.8% (n = 9). The adsorption kinetics of the MIP followed the pseudo-first-order model with v2value of 0.004 (correlation coefficient of 0.99). The limit of detection for lufenuron using MIP-basedmethod was 3 106 mg mL1. There was no significant decrease in the performance of MIP against lufenuronover five successive cycles.
Muhammad Fiayyaz,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Mohammad Zuber,Tahir Jamil,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Muhammad Asghar Jamal 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.4
Polyurethanes (PUs) prepolymers blended with bentonite nanoclay and without bentonite nanoclay wereprepared by the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and thechain was further extended with 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) to get final polyurethane nanocomposites (PUNC). A mixtureof polymer and bentonite clay enriched in montmorillonite (MMT) was formed in solution polymerization, in whichMMT dispersed depending on interaction of MMT with polymer chains. The molecular structure of the monomersand the prepared PU nanocomposites was confirmed by FTIR. A series of PUNCs were prepared by varying the percentcompositions of bentonite nanoclay into the PU matrix. The existence of the clay in to the PU was confirmed byscanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images verified the good dispersion of the bentonite nanoclay in PU matrix.
Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem,Jamal, Muhammad Asghar,Hussain, Amira,Muneer, Majid,Zia, Khalid Mahmood,Hafeez, Samia Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.3
Electrocoagulation (EC) technique is applied for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals ions such as nickle (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by using sacrificial anodes corrode to release active coagulant flocs usually aluminium or iron cations into the solution. During electrolytic reactions hydrogen gas evolve at the cathode. All the experiments were carried out in Batch mode. The tank was filled with synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals and efficiency of electro-coagulation in combination with aluminum and iron electrodes were investigated for removal of such metals. Several parameters, such as contact time, pH, electro-coagulant concentration, and current density were optimized to achieve maximum removal efficiency (%). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It is found that the electro-coagulation process has potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater specially using iron electrodes in terms of high removal efficiencies and operating cost.
Jaspal, Muhammad Hayat,Ijaz, Muawuz,Akhtar, Muhammad Junaid,Nasir, Jamal,Ullah, Sana,Badar, Iftikhar Hussain,Yar, Muhammad Kashif,Ahmad, Arfan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.1
Buffalo animals are slaughtered at their early age and carcasses are chilled rapidly which deteriorates its meat quality and decreases the consumer likeliness of buffalo meat. This study investigated the appropriate methods to prevent the quality deterioration of buffalo meat during chilling. Twenty four 18-mon-old buffalo bulls were slaughtered, electrically stimulated and suspended either by hip or achilles tendon. After 24 h postmortem, meat quality characteristics were recorded. Results showed that electrical stimulation (ES) led to rapid decline of carcass pH compared to non-ES method (p<0.05). Furthermore, electrically stimulated meat presented lower shear force accompanied with the higher CIE L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values (p<0.05). Suspension methods only affect the meat shear values and were lowered in hip suspended samples. It can be concluded that ES combined with hip suspension can be adopted to prevent the meat quality deterioration of young buffalo bulls during postmortem storage.
AMMAR BIN YOUSAF,Muhammad Imran,MAJID KHAN,Muhammad Usman,MUHAMMAD ASGHAR JAMAL 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.8
The infuence of particle size on density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of magnetite nanofuids have been determined at (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K). Two diferent sized nanoparticles (commercially procured D=20–30 nm and synthesized D=9± 3 nm in the laboratory by co-precipitation method) were dispersed in a citric acid base fuid. The desired parameters have been experimentally determined by loading diferent concentrations of nanoparticles. It has been found that the infuence of particle size and temperature on measured physical parameters (density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity) is not negligible and can also be taken into account in any practical application. The analyzed physical parameters can describe qualitatively and quantitatively the particle size distribution of nanofuids at a specifc temperature. Results are interpreted in terms of particle–particle and particle–fuid interactions.
Jamal Fatin Nabilah,Arafat Dzulkarnain Ahmad Aidil,Shahrudin Fatin Amira,Marzuki Muhammad Nasrullah 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.1
Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults.Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC).Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp<sup>®</sup> and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.
Jamal Azfar Khan,Muhammad Rizwan Bashir Kiani 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2020 보건의료교육평가 Vol.17 No.-
This study aimed to evaluate perceptions of safety and preparedness among health workers caring for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) patients before and after a multi-professional simulation-based course in Pakistan. Health workers’ perceptions of preparedness, safety, and their willingness to care for COVID-19 patients were measured before and after they attended a simulation-basedtraining course to prepare them to care for COVID-19 patients at Combined Military Hospital Landi Kotal Cantt, from March 1 toApril 30, 2020. The participants’ perceived level of safety and preparedness to care for COVID-19 patients before the simulation-basedcourse was low, but increased after completing it (P<0.05). They felt confident and were significantly more willing to care for patientswith COVID-19 or other infections requiring strict isolation. Simulation-based training is an effective tool to improve perceptions ofrisk and readiness to deal with COVID-19 among medical and non-medical health workers in Pakistan.
Comparison of Landfill Gas Generation and Recovery from An Existing Facility at Ulsan, S. Korea
( Muhammad Sohail ),( Aafaq Ur Rehman ),( Beak Jin Woong ),( Yousuf Jamal ),( Hung-suck Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Comparison study of landfill gas generation and recovery was carried out for the enhancement of landfill gas (LFG) from Seongam landfill facility situated at Ulsan, South Korea. Field sampling and measurements at the site were performed in order to investigate the possibility of enhanced gas recovery. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) LandGEM mathematical model (version 3.02) and stoichiometric measurements were considered for the estimation of landfill gas generation. It was noted that the existing facility has limited gas recovery potential in comparison to prediction by EPA landGEM model. Reasons for this limited recovery are found to be the improper landfill covering, blockage of gas extraction pipe screen openings and improper gas management of leachate collection well. A proper landfill final cover, installation of cover for leachate collection well and dewatering system for removing blockage are suggested to reduce the gaseous emissions to the environment.