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The future role of smart structure systems in modern aircraft
J. Becker,W. Luber,J. Simpson,K. Dittrich 국제구조공학회 2005 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.1 No.2
The paper intends to summarize some guidelines for future smart structure system application in military aircraft. This preview of system integration is based upon a review on approximately one and a half decades of application oriented aerospace related smart structures research. Achievements in the area of structural health monitoring, adaptive shape, adaptive load bearing devices and active vibration control have been reached, potentials have been identified, several feasibility studies have been performed and some smart technologies have been already implemented. However the realization of anticipated visions and previously initial timescales announced have been rather too optimistic. The current development shall be based on a more realistic basis including more emphasis on fundamental aircraft strength, stiffness, static and dynamic load and stability requirements of aircraft and interdisciplinary integration requirements and improvements of integrated actors, actuator systems and control systems including micro controllers.
( Kathy J. Simpson ),( Shannon L. Williams ),( Patricia DeIRey ),( Teri M. Ciapponi ),( Hsiu Ling Wen ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2001 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.13 No.1
The objective of the study was to determine the contributions of each limb to generate near-maximal running velocity and accurate foot placement onto the takeoff board during the approach phase of the long jump for elite, transtibial and transfemoral athletes. Using a panning technique, the 1996 Paralympic long jump competitions were videotaped Paired t-tests (p < 0.05) were used to investigate interlimb lower extremity symmetry for kinematic variables for the 20 transtibial and 3 transfemoral competitors. Based on inductive analysis methodology, the intertrial, individual participant kinematic SD patterns were categorized to estimate the visual control strategies used to attain accuracy. Some transtibial performers exhibited little interlimb asymmetry and increased running velocity by increasing step lengths and frequencies. The variety of locomotor strategies demonstrated could be due partly to the varying abilities among the performers to modulate the prosthetic limb step length or flight time. For transfemoral performers, increased velocity was accomplished via longer nonprosthetic limb step lengths. For the three transfemoral performers, the total number of steps, the approach velocity and accuracy modulation were affected by the limitations of the prosthetic limb. For visual targeting, very few jumpers exhibited the classic time-before-contact toe position SD pattern.
The future role of smart structure systems in modern aircraft
Becker, J.,Luber, W.,Simpson, J.,Dittrich, K. Techno-Press 2005 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.1 No.2
The paper intends to summarize some guidelines for future smart structure system application in military aircraft. This preview of system integration is based upon a review on approximately one and a half decades of application oriented aerospace related smart structures research. Achievements in the area of structural health monitoring, adaptive shape, adaptive load bearing devices and active vibration control have been reached, potentials have been identified, several feasibility studies have been performed and some smart technologies have been already implemented. However the realization of anticipated visions and previously initial timescales announced have been rather too optimistic. The current development shall be based on a more realistic basis including more emphasis on fundamental aircraft strength, stiffness, static and dynamic load and stability requirements of aircraft and interdisciplinary integration requirements and improvements of integrated actors, actuator systems and control systems including micro controllers.
Omenn, Gilbert ,S.,States, David ,J.,Adamski, Marcin,Blackwell, Thomas ,W.,Menon, Rajasree,Hermjakob, Henning,Apweiler, Rolf,Haab, Brian ,B.,Simpson, Richard ,J.,Eddes, J WILEY-VCH 2005 PROTEOMICS -WEINHEIM- Vol.5 No.13
<P>HUPO initiated the Plasma Proteome Project (PPP) in 2002. Its pilot phase has (1) evaluated advantages and limitations of many depletion, fractionation, and MS technology platforms; (2) compared PPP reference specimens of human serum and EDTA, heparin, and citrate-anti-coagulated plasma; and (3) created a publicly-available knowledge base (www.bioinformatics.med.umich.edu/hupo/ppp; www.ebi.ac.uk/pride). Thirty-five participating laboratories in 13 countries submitted datasets. Working groups addressed (a) specimen stability and protein concentrations; (b) protein identifications from 18 MS/MS datasets; (c) independent analyses from raw MS-MS spectra; (d) search engine performance, subproteome analyses, and biological insights; (e) antibody arrays; and (f) direct MS/SELDI analyses. MS-MS datasets had 15 710 different International Protein Index (IPI) protein IDs; our integration algorithm applied to multiple matches of peptide sequences yielded 9504 IPI proteins identified with one or more peptides and 3020 proteins identified with two or more peptides (the Core Dataset). These proteins have been characterized with Gene Ontology, InterPro, Novartis Atlas, OMIM, and immunoassay-based concentration determinations. The database permits examination of many other subsets, such as 1274 proteins identified with three or more peptides. Reverse protein to DNA matching identified proteins for 118 previously unidentified ORFs.</P><P>We recommend use of plasma instead of serum, with EDTA (or citrate) for anticoagulation. To improve resolution, sensitivity and reproducibility of peptide identifications and protein matches, we recommend combinations of depletion, fractionation, and MS/MS technologies, with explicit criteria for evaluation of spectra, use of search algorithms, and integration of homologous protein matches.</P><P>This Special Issue of PROTEOMICS presents papers integral to the collaborative analysis plus many reports of supplementary work on various aspects of the PPP workplan. These PPP results on complexity, dynamic range, incomplete sampling, false-positive matches, and integration of diverse datasets for plasma and serum proteins lay a foundation for development and validation of circulating protein biomarkers in health and disease.</P>
Continued Emissions of the Ozone-Depleting Substance Carbon Tetrachloride From Eastern Asia
Lunt, M. F.,Park, S.,Li, S.,Henne, S.,Manning, A. J.,Ganesan, A. L.,Simpson, I. J.,Blake, D. R.,Liang, Q.,O'Doherty, S.,Harth, C. M.,Mü,hle, J.,Salameh, P. K.,Weiss, R. F.,Krummel, P. B.,Fraser, P American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical research letters Vol.45 No.20