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Temperature-rise fractionation of poly(3-alkyl thiophenes)
Lefevre, Scott W.,Choi, Heungyeal,Chang, Taihyun,Ryu, Chang Y. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of polymer science Part B, Polymer physics Vol.47 No.24
<P>In this article, we have investigated a temperature-rise fractionation procedure for poly(3-hexyl thophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-octyl thophene) (P3OT) that provides well-defined molecular weight (MW) fractions with improved molecular weight distributions (MWD) when compared with Soxhlet extraction. This process involves dispersing the material over C18-boned silica stationary phase in a jacketed column and using incremental rises in column temperature (T<SUB>col</SUB>) to gradually improve solvent quality and selectively dissolve higher molecular weight samples with a narrow polydispersity (PDI). Fractionation of P3HT with ΔT<SUB>col</SUB> = 5 °C in methylene chloride (MC) yielded 7 fractions ranging from M<SUB>p</SUB> of 20 to 53 kg/mol with an average PDI of 1.80 compared with a mother sample of 3.10. Predominant recovery of P3HT was acquired for fractions with T<SUB>col</SUB> > 20 °C (30 wt %). Subsequent separation of P3OT in methylene chloride, with a reduced ΔT<SUB>col</SUB> of 3 °C per fraction, due to increased solubility from the longer alkyl chain, generated 8 fractions with a weight range of M<SUB>n</SUB> = 22 to 57 kg/mol with an mean PDI of 1.23 with the mother sample having PDI = 2.34, demonstrating the tunability of this method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2547–2555, 2009</P>
( Line Kibsgaard ),( Anna Cecile Lefevre ),( Mette Deleuran ),( Christian Vestergaard ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.1
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a debilitating disease for the patients and often considered by the doctors a very difficult disease to treat. In 2009 the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/Global Allergy and Asthma European network/European Dermatology Forum/World Allergy Organization (EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/ WAO) published a revised version of the guidelines for the treatment of urticaria which included an algorithm for the treatment. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical effect and the practical use of the algorithm. Methods: The study was performed as a case- series study of all newly referred patients to our urticaria clinic over a period of 18 months. Results: Our results show that the single most important and efficient treatment of urticaria patients is up dosing non-sedating antihistamines as recommended by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines. We did not find any predicting factors for responders to the antihistamine treatment, but about one third of the patients did not respond to the up-dosing of the antihistamines. Conclusion: Antihistamines seems to be the most efficient treatment for urticaria; other treatments such as montelukast, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil may also be used, but only in combination with antihistamines and only in the case of an independent antihistamines treatment failure. The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the treatment of urticaria offers an efficient and simple guidelines for the treatment of urticaria. (Ann Dermatol 26(1)
Increased Long-term Risk of Anal Fistula After Proctologic Surgery: A Case-Control Study
Julie Assaraf,Elsa Lambrescak,Jeremie H Lefevre,Vincent de Parades,Josee Bourguignon,Isabelle Etienney,Milad Taouk,Patrick Atienza,Jean-David Zeitoun 대한대장항문학회 2021 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.37 No.2
Purpose Anal fistula is a common condition in proctology, usually requiring surgical treatment. Few risk factors have been clearly identified based on solid evidence. Our research objective was to determine whether history of anal surgery was a risk factor for subsequent anal fistula. Methods We conducted a case-control study from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013 in our tertiary center, comprising 280 cases that underwent surgery for anal fistula and 123 control patients seeking a consultation for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. For both cases and controls, the following variables were recorded: sex, any prior anal surgery, diabetes mellitus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and smoking status. For each variable, confidence interval and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. Results In univariate analysis, male sex (73.2% vs. 31.7%, P < 0.0001), active smoking (38.1% vs. 22%, P = 0.0015), and prior anal surgery (16.0% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.0008) were associated with higher risk of anal fistula. In multivariate analysis, only male sex (OR, 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42 to 9.10; P < 0.0001) and previous anal surgery (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.79 to 13.7; P = 0.0008) remained independently associated with anal fistula occurrence. Conclusion The epidemiology of anal fistula is poorly assessed despite the high frequency at which it is diagnosed. Our findings suggest that history of any kind of anal surgery is a risk factor for further onset of anal fistula. Surgeons and patients must be informed of this issue.
김경술,John. C. S. Tang,Thierry Lefevre 한양대학교 경제연구소 2004 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.9 No.2
Economic impacts from the introduction of dual system - carbon tax plus emission trading - to the Korean economy were analyzed. For the comprehensive analysis, a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was developed in which dual system can be comprehensively analyzed. When emission trading can not be introduced to all emitters in the economy, dual system with carbon tax for small emitters and emissions trading for large emitters could be the best approach in domestic carbon dioxide abatement strategy. In dual system, monetary interests of the participants in emission trading and carbon tax payer are dependent on their marginal cost to reduce carbon emission. By the introduction of dual system, GDP, private consumption and value-added are evaluated to be decreased while international trade balance is estimated to be improved.
B.K. Singh,F. Mercier-Bion,G. Lefevre,E. Simoni 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.35 No.-
Migration of radionuclides in aqueous system is a matter of great environmental concern due to theiracute and long-term toxicity. This study seeks to address the sorption of uranyl on rutile in presence ofshort-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids by zeta potential analysis and in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy. Point ofzero charge of rutile was significantly shifted with the addition of carboxylic acids/uranyl ions separatelyin solution but it was negligible when organics and uranyl ions were added in the suspension. In situ ATRIRdata for uranyl sorption was evidenced by an absorption band of uranyl as(UO2) at 915 cm 1.