INFLUENCE OF AERIAL FIRE FIGHTING ON INTENSITY OF RADIATION FROM FIRE

Iwata,Yusaku,Koseki,Hiroshi,Kon,Fumio 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

A large scale fire experiment was conducted through the collaboration between the Tokyo Fire Department and the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) for the purpose of studying the effectiveness of aerial fro fighting against urban fire. Ten model houses and ten collapsed model houses were arranged in an area of about <TEX>$2,000\;m^2$</TEX>. Water was dropped totally fourteen times by helicopters onto the model houses. In order to know influence of water drop, radiation was measured by four radiometers and four IR (Infrared) cameras, which were set around the burning area. In this report, the influence of aerial Ore fighting on fire was discussed in terms of irradiance and IR images. Data of irradiance, flame temperature and flame area showed that influence of each water drop continued only at most a minute.

Studies on the possible role of thiamine in the central nervous system

Iwata, Heitaroh The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1980 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.3 No.1

Thiamine, in the form of its diphosphate (TDP), is well known to act as a coenzyme, and during the early stage in the study of thiamine it had been believed that the symptoms of thiamine-deficiency were resulted secondarily from the disturbance of metabolic processes in which TDP participated as a coenzyme. However, the neurological symptoms in thiamine deficiency are now separated from the metabolic disturbances in thiamine deficiency. On the other hand, the specific involvement of phosphorylated thiamine in nerve conduction has been suggested by von Muralt, but nature of this involvement has not been elucidated at a molecular level. Recently the possible significance of thiamine triphosphate (TTP) in nervous tissue was suggested by the demonstration that TTP is not present in the brain of patients with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelitis, a fatal disease associated with an abnormality in thiamine metabolism. Furthermore, the studies using membrane fragments of rat brain strongly indicated that ion movement across the nerve membrane is associated with dephosphorylation of phosphorylated thiamine.

Feasibility of Early and Repeated Low-dose Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Residual Pain in Acute Cervical Radiculopathy Treated with NSAIDS

Iwata, Toshio,Mitoro, Mari,Kuzumoto, Naoya The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.2

Background: To improve residual pain management in acute cervical radiculopathy treated with NSAIDs, the feasibility of early and repeated low-dose interscalene brachial plexus block (IS-BPB) needs to be assessed. Methods: This was a prospective study on patients receiving NSAIDs (loxoprofen) for cervical radiculopathy of ${\leq}2$-week onset. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). A low-dose ultrasonography (USG)-guided IS-BPB (dexamethasone [1.65 mg; 0.5 ml] and mepivacaine [1%; 3.0 ml]) was performed at baseline and weekly thereafter for 4 weeks in an outpatient setting for the intervention group. All patients were evaluated using a visual satisfaction score (VSS) at week 4. Patients with baseline VAS scores < 70 (mild to moderate pain; MM group) and ${\geq}70$ (severe pain; SE group) were compared to the controls receiving NSAIDs. Results: A total of 316 IS-BPBs were performed in the intervention group. There was a significant difference in the decline in the VAS from week 0 to week 3 in the MM and SE groups (P < 0.05); however, from week 3 to week 4, the therapeutic effect exhibited no significant difference. Thirteen patients at week 2 (15.5%; MM: 27.7%; SE: 0%), 43 at week 3 (51.2%; MM: 83.0%; SE: 10.8%), and 47 at week 4 (56.0%; MM: 85.1%; SE: 18.9%) achieved a VAS score of ${\leq}20$. Patient satisfaction was high, and the decrease in VAS scores in both groups was significant (P < 0.05) compared to the controls. Conclusions: Weekly, low-dose, USG-guided IS-BPB can be implemented for early pain relief in acute cervical radiculopathy, with high patient satisfaction.

인격신의 형성 -야스쿠니 문제의 기층-

( Iwata Shigenori ) 한국일어일문학회 2014 日語日文學硏究 Vol.88 No.1

일본에는 죽은 자를 제신으로 모시는 신사가 존재한다. 텐만궁(스가와라노미치자네), 도요쿠니신사(도요토미 히데요시), 도쇼궁(도쿠가와 이에야스), 쇼인신사(요시다 쇼인), 노기 신사(노기 마레스케), 도고 신사(도고 헤이하치로), 메이지 신궁(메이지 천황) · 헤이안 신궁(간무 천황), 그리고 야스쿠니 신사(전사자) 등이 이에 해당한다. 이들 중 텐만궁을 제외하면 도요쿠니신사 · 도쇼궁은 근세 초기, 쇼인 신사 · 노기 신사 · 도고 신사 · 메이지 신궁 · 헤이안 신궁은 근대 이후에 창건되었으므로 그 창건시기가 그다지 오래된 것은 아니다. 텐만궁을 제외하고 이러한 죽은 자를 인격신으로 모시는 신사의 특징을 살펴보면, 첫째로 그 시신에 대하여 절을 하게 하는 신사도 있다(도요쿠니 신사 ·닛코도쇼궁 · 쇼인 신사). 보통 민간신앙에서는 시신과 접촉을 금기시하고 기피하는 것이 일반적임에도 불구하고 여기에서는 접촉(부정함)을 기피하지 않는다. 즉 시신에 대한 부정이 아닌 접촉을 용인한 새로운 신사의 형성이라고 할 수 있다. 두 번째 특징은 이곳들의 인격신은 그 죽은 자 측 사람들에 의해 모셔져 있다는 점이다. 고대 말 10세기에 창건된 텐만궁은 교토에서 일어난 천재지변 · 전염병 등이 규슈 다자이후에서 죽은 스가와라노 미치자네의 저주에 의한 것으로 여긴 그의 정적(政敵) 후지와라씨와 당시 조정에 의해 모셔진 것이다. 원래 일본의 인격신은 이러한 어령신앙(御靈信仰)적인 성격을 지닌다. 그러나 도요쿠니신사 이후 일본의 인격신은 어령신앙을 기반으로 하지 않고 정치적 권력자가 그 권위의 창출을 위해 죽은 자를 제신으로 모시고 있는 것이다. 세 번째 특징은 이들 인격신은 보통 의례가 내포하는 시간제한적인 형태를 취하지 않고, 설치된 신전에 상주하고 있다는 것이다. 예컨대 일본의 대표적연중행사인 오봉과 정월에는 특정 기간만 영혼 · 신이 맞이되었다가 보내어진다. 그런데 이들 인격신은 이러한 제사 형태를 취하지 않는다. 이렇듯 죽은 자를 제신으로 모시는 신사 및 새로운 인격신의 형성은 일본의 민간신앙 관점에서 보면 통상적인 형태에서 변형 · 왜곡된 것이다. 이것은 특히 두 번째 특징으로 지적한 정치적 의도 하에서 실현되고 있었다. 그리고 이러한 새로운 인격신 중 하나인 야스쿠니 신사도 인격신의 계보라는 관점에서 보면, 그 정치성은 도요쿠니신사(도요토미 히데요시) · 도쇼궁(도쿠가와 이에야스)의 연장선상에 성립된 것이라고 할 수 있다. In Japan, there are shrines where the dead are enshrined as gods. They are Tenman Palace(Sgawarano Michijane), Toyokuni Shrine(Toyotomi Hideyoshi), Tosho Palace (Tokugawa Ieyasu), Shoine Shrine(Yoshida Shoine), Nogui Shrine(Nogui Maresuke), Togo Shrine(Togo Heyhachiro), Meiji Shrine(Meiji Japanese Emperor) · Heyan Shrine(Kanmu Japanese Emperor), and Yasukuni Shrine(killed in war), etc. Among them, except Tenman Palace, they were built not long ago, since they were build since the Modern Age. To see the characteristics of these shrines, first, a new formation of shrine which does not deny the corpses, but admit contact. Second characteristic is, the gods of these shrines were enshrined by the people of their side. Originally, Japanese gods have the characteristic of this Blocking Spirit Faith(御靈信仰). However, since Toyokuni Shrines, Japanese gods are not based on Blocking Spirit Faith, but enshrined as gods by political power who wants to create his authority. Third characteristic is, these gods do not have the shape of time limit as usual ceremony connotes, but reside in the installed shrines. Like this, the formation of shrines, which enshrine the dead as gods,and new gods are transformed · distorted forms of normal forms from the viewpoint of Japanese folk religion. Particularly, this was realized under the political intention which was pointed out as the second characteristic. From the viewpoint of theistic pedigree, Yasukuni Shrine also can be said that its political nature was established in an extension of Toyokuni Shrine · Tosho Palace.

Role of neuron and non-neuronal cell communication in persistent orofacial pain

Iwata, Koichi,Shinoda, Masamichi The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.2

It is well known that trigeminal nerve injury causes hyperexcitability in trigeminal ganglion neurons, which become sensitized. Long after trigeminal nerve damage, trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) nociceptive neurons become hyperactive and are sensitized, resulting in persistent orofacial pain. Communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells is believed to be involved in these mechanisms. In this article, the authors highlight several lines of evidence that neuron-glial cell and neuron macrophage communication have essential roles in persistent orofacial pain mechanisms associated with trigeminal nerve injury and/or orofacial inflammation.

Performance Improvement of Slotless SPMSM Position Sensorless Control in Very Low-Speed Region

Iwata, Takurou,Morimoto, Shigeo,Inoue, Yukinori,Sanada, Masayuki Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.2

This paper proposes a method for improving the performance of a position sensorless control system for a slotless surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) in a very low-speed region. In position sensorless control based on a motor model, accurate motor parameters are required because parameter errors would affect position estimation accuracy. Therefore, online parameter identification is applied in the proposed system. The error between the reference voltage and the voltage applied to the motor is also affect position estimation accuracy and stability, thus it is compensated to ensure accuracy and stability of the sensorless control system. In this study, two voltage error compensation methods are used, and the effects of the compensation methods are discussed. The performance of the proposed sensorless control method is evaluated by experimental results.

Pour introduire l’ « apprentissage coopératif » au programme de formation des enseignants du FLE.

( Iwata Yoshinori ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2013 한국프랑스어문교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

A Case Study on Urban Ant Fauna of Southern Kyusyu, Japan, with Notes on a New Monitoring Protocol (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Iwata, Kouki,Eguchi, Katsuyuki,Yamane, Seiki Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.3

Ant fauna of a green buffer belt adjacent to an industrial zone in Kagoshima City, southern Kyushu, Japan was elucidated using a standardized protocol. A total of 39 species belonging to 24 genera in five subfamilies were recorded from this park. Most speciose genera are Camponotus and Tetramorium having four species. The number of species per genus is 1.56 on average. Pheidole noda F. Smith, Monomorium chinense Santschi, Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) and Technomyrmex albipes (F. Smith) were most frequently encountered. Excepting Pheidole noda they are open-land and/or forest-edge inhabitants. Furthermore, Tetramorium bicarinatum and Technomyrmex albipes are tramp species. Thus, ant fauna there strongly reflects environmental conditions derived from urbanization/industrialization. Based on the present results, we propose here a new protocol monitoring ants in urban/industrial zones consisting of baiting and time unit sampling.

Enzymatic characterization of <i>in vitro</i>-expressed Baikal seal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1: Implication of low metabolic potential of CYP1A2 uniquely evolved in aquatic mammals

Iwata, Hisato,Yamaguchi, Keisuke,Takeshita, Yoko,Kubota, Akira,Hirakawa, Shusaku,Isobe, Tomohiko,Hirano, Masashi,Kim, Eun-Young Elsevier 2015 Aquatic toxicology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to elucidate the catalytic function of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 enzymes in aquatic mammals. Alkoxyresorufin <I>O</I>-dealkylation (AROD) activities including methoxy- (MROD), ethoxy- (EROD), pentoxy- (PROD), and benzyloxyresorufin <I>O</I>-dealkylation (BROD), and 2- and 4-hydroxylation activities of 17β-estradiol (E<SUB>2</SUB>) were measured by using yeast-expressed Baikal seal (<I>Pusa sibirica</I>) CYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 proteins. Heterologous protein expression of the Baikal seal CYP1s (bsCYP1s) in yeast microsomes was confirmed by reduced CO-difference spectra and immunoblotting. Heterologously expressed human CYP1 enzyme (hCYP1) activities were simultaneously measured and compared with those of bsCYP1 isozymes. Recombinant bsCYP1A1 protein showed the highest <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB> of EROD, followed by MROD, PROD, and BROD, similar to that of hCYP1A1. <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios of all AROD activities catalyzed by bsCYP1A1 were lower than those catalyzed by hCYP1A1, suggesting less potential for AROD by bsCYP1A1. Enzymatic assays for bsCYP1A2 showed no or minimal AROD activities, while hCYP1A2 displayed MROD and EROD activities. bsCYP1B1 showed an AROD profile (EROD>BROD>MROD>>PROD) similar to that of hCYP1B1; however, <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios of all AROD activities by bsCYP1B1 were higher. Yeast microsomes containing bsCYP1A1 and 1B1 and hCYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 metabolized E<SUB>2</SUB> to 2-OHE<SUB>2</SUB> and 4-OHE<SUB>2</SUB>, whereas bsCYP1A2 showed no such activity. Comparison of 4- and 2-hydroxylations of E<SUB>2</SUB> by CYP1As suggests that bsCYP1A1, hCYP1A1, and 1A2 preferentially catalyze 2- rather than 4-hydroxylation. As for CYP1B1, the <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios suggest that both Baikal seal and human CYPs catalyze 4- rather than 2-hydroxylation. Interspecies comparison showed that bsCYP1B1 has higher metabolic potencies for both E<SUB>2</SUB> hydroxylations than does hCYP1B1, whereas the activity of bsCYP1A1 was lower than that of hCYP1A1. Messenger RNA expression levels of bsCYP1s in the liver of Baikal seals indicated that bsCYP1A1 and 1A2 enzymes contributed to 16.2% and 83.7% of total CYP1s, respectively; bsCYP1B1 accounted for only 0.06%. Addition of anti-human CYP1A1 antibody in seal liver microsomes suppressed EROD activity more than did anti-human CYP1A2 antibody. Therefore, EROD may be catalyzed by hepatic bsCYP1A1 but not bsCYP1A2, consistent with the results of yeast-expressed bsCYP1A1 and 1A2. <I>In silico</I> substrate-docking models of bsCYP1s suggested that the defect in bsCYP1A2 enzymatic activities may be accounted for by the Pro substitution of highly conserved Thr in the I-helix, which is involved in formation of a hydrogen bond with the hydroperoxy intermediate on the heme. This Thr-Pro substitution is evolutionarily conserved across aquatic mammals and could explain their lower metabolic potential for persistent organic pollutants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Catalytic activities of Baikal seal CYP1A1 were lower than those of human CYP1A1. </LI> <LI> Baikal seal CYP1B1 showed higher catalytic activities than human CYP1B1. </LI> <LI> Catalytic activities by Baikal seal CYP1A2 showed no or a minimal detectable value. </LI> <LI> Pro317 substitution appears to render seal CYP1A2 incapable of its catalytic function. </LI> <LI> This substitution is evolutionarily conserved in aquatic mammals. </LI> </UL> </P>

自然觀에 대한 比較文化的인 接近 : 韓ㆍ日 大學生을 對象으로

Iwata, Osamu,廉圭文,高興化 中央大學校 社會科學硏究所 1994 社會科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-