Selection of Superior Trees for Larger Fruit and High Productivity in Sorbus commixta Hedl.

Kim,Sea-Hyun,Jang,Yong-Seok,Chung,Hun-Gwan,Choi,Myoung-Sub,Kim,Sun-Chang 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.2

The objectives of this study, an analysis of the variation for leaf and fruit characteristics among the selected ten populations of Sorbus commixta Hedl. could be used for the conservation of gene resources and could provide information to superior trees selection. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows; Approximately, the Mt. Sungin population at Ulleung island showed larger values in overall characteristics and populations. On the other hand, Mt. Halla population at Jeju island showed the smaller values of the overall characteristics and populations. ANOV A tests showed that there were statistically significant differences in all leaf characteristics among the populations as well as individual trees within populations. But, for fruit characteristics, differences were statistically significant only among the populations. Cluster analysis using single linkage method based on leaf and fruit characteristics showed that ten selected populations of S. commixta in Korea could be clustered into three groups. Group I is Mt. Sungin at Ulleung island, Group II is Mt. Halla at Jeju island, and Group III comprises Osan, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Duckyoo, Mt. Balwang, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. O-dae, Mt. Jiri, and Mt. Taebaek. The selection level based on major agronomic traits, which are the Number of Fruit per Fruiting Lateral(NFL) over 50, and Fruit Length(FL) and Width(FW) over 10 mm, and Weight of 100 Fruit(WFI00) over 66 g, was applied on 100 sample trees, and five trees were selected. The selection effects from selected trees in NFL, FL, FW, and WF100 were evaluated as 132%, 151 %, 142%, and 264% compared to the mean of those 100 sample trees, respectively. Especially, Ulleung 2 showed excellent values that NFL and WFI00 were 95, and 69 g, respectively, suggesting a promising new cultivar for larger fruit and high productivity.

High $f_T$ 30nm Triple-Gate $In_{0.7}GaAs$ HEMTs with Damage-Free $SiO_2/SiN_x$ Sidewall Process and BCB Planarization

Kim, Dae-Hyun,Yeon, Seong-Jin,Song, Saegn-Sub,Lee, Jae-Hak,Seo, Kwang-Seok The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2

A 30 nm $In_{0.7}GaAs$ High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with triple-gate has been successfully fabricated using the $SiO_2/SiN_x$ sidewall process and BCB planarization. The sidewall gate process was used to obtain finer lines, and the width of the initial line could be lessened to half by this process. To fill the Schottky metal effectively to a narrow gate line after applying the developed sidewall process, the sputtered tungsten (W) metal was utilized instead of conventional e-beam evaporated metal. To reduce the parasitic capacitance through dielectric layers and the gate metal resistance ($R_g$), the etchedback BCB with a low dielectric constant was used as the supporting layer of a wide gate head, which also offered extremely low Rg of 1.7 Ohm for a total gate width ($W_g$) of 2x100m. The fabricated 30nm $In_{0.7}GaAs$ HEMTs showed $V_{th}$of -0.4V, $G_{m,max}$ of 1.7S/mm, and $f_T$ of 421GHz. These results indicate that InGaAs nano-HEMT with excellent device performance could be successfully fabricated through a reproducible and damage-free sidewall process without the aid of state-of-the-art lithography equipment. We also believe that the developed process will be directly applicable to the fabrication of deep sub-50nm InGaAs HEMTs if the initial line length can be reduced to below 50nm order.

2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242) induces apoptosis via modulating E7 expression and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in SiHa human cervical cancer cells.

Kim, Man Sub,Kim, Jung Hee,Bak, Yesol,Park, Yun Sun,Lee, Dong Hun,Kang, Jeong Woo,Shim, Jung-Hyun,Jeong, Heon Sang,Hong, Jin Tae,Yoon, Do Young Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers [etc.] 2012 Nutrition and cancer Vol.64 No.8

<P>The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction occurring between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring thermal processing. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antibacterial effects, and although 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), a fructose-tyrosine MRP, appears to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, its mechanism of action has not been studied in detail. We found that HPB242 treatment modulated expression of cyclins and tumor suppressor genes in SiHa human cervical cancer cell lines: cyclins and phospho-pRB were downregulated, whereas the expression of CDK inhibitors and p53 was enhanced. HPB242 induced apoptosis dose-dependently by suppressing E7 expression and leading to sub-G1 cell-cycle arrest in SiHa cell lines; treatment also led to the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3, -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, HPB242 upregulated Fas expression, altered expressions of pro- and antiapoptotic factors, and also inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB and phosphorylation of IκB. HPB242 treatment decreased phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase and p-Akt expression levels, demonstrating that this survival pathway may also be inhibited by HPB242. Cumulatively, HPB242 promotes apoptosis by influencing E7 expression, inducing cell-cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase, and promoting both intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (Fas-dependent) apoptosis in SiHa human cervical cancer cells.</P>

Acute and Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Ammonium Persulfate in Spraque-Dawley Rats

Kim, Yong-Soon,Baek, Min-Won,Sung, Jae-Hyuck,Ryu, Hyun-Youl,Kim, Jin-Sik,Cho, Hyun-Sun,Choi, Byung-Gil,Song, Min-Sub,Song, Moon-Yong,Baik, Eun-Ju,Choi, Young-Kuk,Kim, Jong-Kyu,Yu, Il-Je,Song, Kyung-Se Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.3

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

Haplogroup Classification of Korean Cattle Breeds Based on Sequence Variations of mtDNA Control Region

Kim, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Seong-Su,Kim, Seung Chang,Choi, Seong-Bok,Kim, Su-Hyun,Lee, Chang Woo,Jung, Kyoung-Sub,Kim, Eun Sung,Choi, Young-Sun,Kim, Sung-Bok,Kim, Woo Hyun,Cho, Chang-Yeon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

Many studies have reported the frequency and distribution of haplogroups among various cattle breeds for verification of their origins and genetic diversity. In this study, 318 complete sequences of the mtDNA control region from four Korean cattle breeds were used for haplogroup classification. 71 polymorphic sites and 66 haplotypes were found in these sequences. Consistent with the genetic patterns in previous reports, four haplogroups (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were identified in Korean cattle breeds. In addition, T1a, T3a, and T3b sub-haplogroups were classified. In the phylogenetic tree, each haplogroup formed an independent cluster. The frequencies of T3, T4, T1 (containing T1a), and T2 were 66%, 16%, 10%, and 8%, respectively. Especially, the T1 haplogroup contained only one haplotype and a sample. All four haplogroups were found in Chikso, Jeju black and Hanwoo. However, only the T3 and T4 haplogroups appeared in Heugu, and most Chikso populations showed a partial of four haplogroups. These results will be useful for stable conservation and efficient management of Korean cattle breeds.

손마사지가 허혈성 심질환 환자의 불안에 미치는 효과

현경선,이향련,공송심,윤경자,김현섭,김효남,최지원,김운정 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety, vital sign and pain in clients with ischemic heart disease. The design utilized for this stuffy was quail-experimental with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design The subjects were fifty-four patients, twenty-eight for the experimental and twenty-six for the control group, who were admitted with ischemic heart diease at a cardiac intensive care unfit in K medical center of K university. This study was carried out from May, 1999 to March, 2000. The level of anxiety and pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after hand massage, the state of Anxiety was measured by the Spielberger (1970) scale at admission and after hand massage for three days. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS PC program and analyzed using χ2-test and t-test. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The scores of VAS anxiety and State of anxiety of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group. 2. The degree of systolic blond pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group. 3. The score of VAS pain of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The results suggested that hand massage can decrease VAS anxiety, State of anxiety, vital signs and VAS pain of patients who were admitted with ischemic heart disease at cardiac intensive care unit Therefore, It Is proposed that hand massage is an appropriate nursing intervention to relieve anxiety of the patients who were admitted with ischemic heart disease at a cardiac intensive care unit.

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress

Cho, Hyun Yong,Hwang, Sun-Goo,Kim, Dong Sub,Jang, Cheol Seong Canadian Science Publishing 2012 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.92 No.3

<P> Cho, H. Y., Hwang, S.-G., Kim, D. S. and Jang, C. S. 2012. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 447-460. Low temperature is known to be one of the major challenges to rice production. We have selected chilling-tolerant TILLING of Donganbyeo, which showed significantly vigorous growth relative to wild-type plants under chilling stress conditions (10-12°C). We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis using a chilling-tolerant line and wild-type plant with the objective to evaluate genomic responses to chilling stress and to identify chilling inducible genes. Functional enrichment analysis results demonstrated that a large proportion of chilling-inducible genes were associated with certain biological pathways, e.g., monosaccharide catabolic processes, reflecting the energy requirements necessary for adaptation to sub-optimal temperatures in plants. Extremely low correlation coefficients in a range of −0.07 to 0.04 were detected between plant responses to chilling stress and different abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salt, cold, and heat; these results imply that plants might exploit strikingly different response mechanisms against stress conditions. The largest subnetwork, which was composed of 78 chilling-specific inducible genes, was found in the tolerant plants, but not in the wild-type plants, which probably implies the existence of a delicate and harmonious signaling pathway setup in the tolerant plants. Expression patterns of 20 chilling-responsive genes were assessed via abiotic stress treatments and phytohormone treatments. About 80% of the tested chilling-inducible genes were upregulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results of this study may prove useful in elucidating the chilling-response pathway and in the development of chilling-tolerant rice varieties. </P>

유효세율과 기업특성의 변화

노현섭 ( Roh Hyun-sub ),김정찬 ( Kim Jung-chan ) 한국세무회계학회 2018 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.56

본 연구는 지난 26년 동안 유효세율의 추세를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 기간경과에 따른 유효세율의 추세를 분석하기 위하여 1991년부터 2016년까지의 기간 동안 6,312 기업-연도표본을 조사하였다. 본 연구는 또한 국외원천소득이 있는 기업의 국내 및 국외원천 유효세율을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 유효세율이 유의하게 감소하였다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 유효세율의 감소는 다국적기업에만 집중되지 않았으며, 다국적기업과 내국기업 모두 대략 유사한 비율로 감소하였다. 다국적기업의 경우 국외원천 유효세율과 국내원천 유효세율 모두 감소하였다. 마지막으로, 기업특성의 변화는 유효세율의 전반적인 감소의 일부만을 설명하고 있다. 추가분석의 결과는 기업특성을 통제한 후에도 유효세율이 유의적으로 감소하였다는 분석결과를 발견하였다. 본 연구는 유효세율의 기간추세를 분석함으로써 조세회피 연구에 공헌한다. 또한, 본 연구는 유효세율의 결정요인 연구에 공한할 것이다. In this paper, we investigate the trend in corporate effective tax rates over the past 26 years. To investigate the existence of a trend in effective tax rates over time, we examine a sample of 6,312 firm-year from 1991 to 2016. We study the trend in effective tax rates. We also examine domestic and foreign effective tax rates, which we use to test domestic versus foreign rates for corporations that have income from foreign sources(multinational firms). The results show that the effective tax rates have decreased significantly.The decline in effective tax rates is not concentrated in multinational firms, effective tax rates have declined at approximately the similar rate for both multinational and domestic firms. Within multinational firms, both foreign and domestic effective tax rates have decreased. Finally, changes in firm characteristics explain little of the overall decrease in effective tax rates. The Result of additional analysis suggests, that even after controlling for firm characteristics, we continue to see a significant decrease in effective tax rates over time. This paper contributes to the literature by executing an examination of time trends in corporate effective tax rates. And, this study is important for researchers interested in studying the determinants of effective tax rates.

High ft 30nm Triple-Gate In0.7GaAs HEMTs with Damage-Free SiO₂/SiNx Sidewall Process and BCB Planarization

Dae-Hyun Kim,Seong-Jin Yeon,Saegn-SUb Song,Jae-Hak Lee,Kwang-Seok Seo 대한전자공학회 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2

A 30 nm In0.7GaAs High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with triple-gate has been successfully fabricated using the SiO₂/SiN, sidewall process and BCB planarization. The sidewall gate process was used to obtain finer lines, and the width of the initial line could be lessened to half by this process. To till the Schottky metal effectively to a narrow gate line after applying the developed sidewall process, the sputtered tungsten (W) metal was utilized instead of conventional e-beam evaporated metal. To reduce the parasitic capacitance through dielectric layers and the gate metal resistance (Rg), the etchedback BCB with a low dielectric constant was used as the supporting layer of a wide gate head, which also offered extremely low Rg of 1.7 Ohm for a total gate width (Wg) of 2X100 m. The fabricated 30nm In0.7GaAs HEMTs showed Vth of -0.4V, Gm,max, of 1.7S/mm, and f.r of 421GHz. These results indicate that InGaAs nano-HEMT with excellent device performance could be successfully fabricated through a reproducible and damage-free sidewall process without the aid of state-of-the-art lithography equipment. We also believe that the developed process will be directly applicable to the fabrication of deep sub-50nm InGaAs HEMTs if the initial line length can be reduced to below 50nm order.<br/> <br/>

한국 기업의 사회적책임 활동이 경영성과 및 기업가치에 미치는 영향

엄승섭(Eum, Seung-Sub),김현도(Kim, Hyun-Do),김동순(Kim, Dong-Soon) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.6

[연구목적] 본 연구에서는 기업의 사회적책임(CSR) 활동이 기업의 경영성과 및 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하고, 그 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 기업의 사회적책임(CSR) 활동이 경영성과 및 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존에 수행되었던 연구들과 논의를 충분히 검토하였고, 이를 바탕으로 4가지 가설을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 2011년~2014년까지 한국지배구조원에서 발표하고 있는 ESG점수를 사회적책임(CSR) 활동의 대용변수로 활용하여 실증분석을 실행하였다. [연구결과] 기업의 사회적책임(CSR) 활동이 경영성과 및 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 첫째, R&D 지출과 CSR 간에는 통계적으로 유의하게 양(+)의 관계가 나타났다. 둘째, CSR과 매출액 간에도 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 나타났다. 셋째, CSR과 수익성 (ROA, ROE) 간에는 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 넷째, CSR과 기업가치(Tobin’s Q, PBR)는 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 기업의 사회적책임(CSR) 활동은 매출액에 대해서는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 수익성에는 부정적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 비록 수익성은 낮더라도 매출액 증가로 인하여 절대적인 수익 증가가 나타난다면 장기적으로 기업가치는 증대할 것으로 기대된다. 향후 이에 대한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. [Purpose] In this study, we aimed to provide suggestions by examining the impact of CSR activities on corporate performance and firm value. [Methodology] We conducted an empirical analysis using ESG scores published by the Korea Governance Service from 2011 to 2014 as a proxy for CSR activities. [Findings] We found the following empirical results. First, we found a positive and significant relation between R&D expenditures and CSR activities. Second, we found a positive and significant relation between CSR and sales. By contrast, the relation between CSR and profitability (ROA and ROE) was significantly negative. Fourth, we found a positive and significant association between CSR and firm value (Tobin’s Q and PBR). [Implications] Korean firms’ CSR activities were found to have a positive effect on sales, but negatively on profitability. However, even if short-term profitability is low, an increase in sales along with R&D expenditures can lead to an increase in long-term firm value.