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Room Temperature Preparation of Poly-Si Thin Films by IBE with Substrate Bias Method
Cho, Byung-Yoon,Yang, Sung- Chae,Han, Byoung-Sung,Lee, Jung-Hui,Yatsui Kiyoshi The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2005 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.6 No.2
Using intense pulsed ion beam evaporation technique, we have succeeded in the preparation of poly crystalline silicon thin films without impurities on silicon substrate. Good crystallinity and high deposition rate have been achieved without heating the substrate by using lEE. The crystallinity of poly-Si film has been improved with the high density of the ablation plasma. The intense diffraction peaks of poly-Si thin films could be obtained by using the substrate bias system. The crystallinity and the deposition rate of poly-Si thin films were increased by applying (-) bias voltage for the substrate.
Lee, Seong-Hui,Yang, Il-Seung,Choi, Sung-Mo 테크노프레스 2010 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.10 No.3
Generally, a box tube, which is used for an existing square CFT structure, is made by welding four plates. The manufacturing efficiency of this steel tube is poor, and it also needs special welding technology to weld its internal diaphragm and the through diaphragm. Therefore, an interior-anchor-type square steel tube was developed using the method of cold-forming thin plates to prevent welding of the stress concentration position, and to maximize the section efficiency. And, considering of the flow of beam flange load, the efficiency of erection and the weldability of the diaphragm to thin walled steel column, the external diaphragm connection was selected as the suitable type for the welded built-up square CFT column to beam connection. And, an analytical study and tests were conducted to evaluate the structural performance of the suggested connection details and to verify the suggested equations for the connection details. Through this study, the composite effect of the internal anchor to concrete, the resistance and stress distribution of the connections before and after the existing column is welded to the beam, the effective location of welding in connection were analyzed.
Limb Lengthening in the Osteoporotic Bone
Hui Taek Kim(김휘택),Seong Ho Whang(황성호),Jeong Han Kang(강정한),Jong Seo Lee(이종서),Sang Jin Cheon(천상진),Chong Il Yoo(유총일),Hee Kyung Chang(장희경) 대한정형외과학회 2005 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.40 No.8
목적: 스테로이드로 골 다공증을 유도한 가토에서 신연 골형성을 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 성숙한 가토에서 스테로이드 투여 용량에 따라 1군(스테로이드를 투여하지 않은 군), 2군(0.4 ㎎/㎏/day 2주간 투여한 군), 3군(0.4㎎/㎏/day 4주간 투여한 군), 4군(0.8 ㎎/㎏/day 2주간 투여한 군), 5군(0.8 ㎎/㎏ 4주간 투여 한 군)으로 나누었다. 스테로이드 투여 후 경골 간부에 외고정 기구를 고정한 후 절골술을 시행하였으며 4주간 골신연술을 시행하였다. 1주마다 단순 방사선 사진 촬영과 골밀도 및 퍼센티지 골밀도를 측정하고, 최종 신생골 형성 정도에 따라 3개의 군으로 나누어 조직학적 분석을 하였다. 결과: 양호한 가골을 형성한 가토는 모두 1군이었다. 그들의 요추 골밀도는 평균 5.1% 감소되었으며, 신연 1주 후 신연부 퍼센티지 골밀도는 50 이상이었다. 결론: 성숙한 가토에서 요추 골밀도가 10% 이상 감소되었거나, 신연 1주 후 퍼센티지 골밀도가 50 미만인 경우 사지 연장술 중 문제점의 발생이 예상된다. 인체에 있어서도 유사한 수치가 적용될 수 있으리라 생각된다. Purpose: This study investigated the results of distraction osteogenesis in steroid-induced osteoporotic rabbits. Materials and Methods: Mature rabbits were assigned to the following five steroid dosage groups: Ⅰ (none); Ⅱ (0.4 ㎎/㎏/day for 2 weeks); Ⅲ (0.4 ㎎/㎏/day for 4 weeks); Ⅳ (0.8 ㎎/㎏/day for 2 weeks); Ⅴ (0.8 ㎎/㎏/day for 4 weeks). After the steroid injection, the tibias were osteotomized and distracted for 4 weeks. The rabbits were classified radiographically into three groups according to the quality of new bone formed, and the Bone mineral density (BMD) and percentage BMD for these groups were then compared. The microscopic results supported the radiographic groupings. Results: The rabbits that formed good calluses were all from group Ⅰ, and their average lumbar BMD remained high (mean decrement, 5.1%). These rabbits had a percentage BMD ≥50 after 1 week of the distraction. Conclusion: Problems can be expected during limb lengthening in mature rabbits that shows a lumbar BMD decrease ≥10%, or a percentage BMD <50 after 1 week of the distraction. Similar guidelines may be indicated for humans.
Semi-Partial Canonical Correlation Biplot
Lee, Bo-Hui,Choi, Yong-Seok,Shin, Sang-Min 한국통계학회 2012 응용통계연구 Vol.25 No.3
Simple canonical correlation biplot is a graphical method to investigate two sets of variables and observations in simple canonical correlation analysis. If we consider the set of covariate variables that linearly affects two sets of variables, we can apply the partial canonical correlation biplot in partial canonical correlation analysis that removes the linear effect of the set of covariate variables on two sets of variables. On the other hand, we consider the set of covariate variables that linearly affect one set of variables but not the other. In this case, if we apply the simple or partial canonical correlation biplot, we cannot clearly interpret other two sets of variables. Therefore, in this study, we will apply the semi-partial canonical correlation analysis of Timm (2002) and remove the linear effect of the set of covariate variables on one set of variables but not the other. And we suggest the semi-partial canonical correlation biplot for interpreting the semi-partial canonical correlation analysis. In addition, we will compare shapes and shape the variabilities of the simple, partial and semi-partial canonical correlation biplots using a procrustes analysis.
Sung Ho Kyung,Paik Jin Hui,Lee Yu Jin,Kang Soo 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.16
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted various aspects of daily living and has influenced the life of every individual in a unique way. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality; thus, timely treatment is crucial to prevent poor prognosis. Therefore, an immediate emergency department (ED) visit is required; however, no domestic studies have reported the effect of COVID-19 on ED visits by patients with AMI. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in the pattern of ED visits by patients with AMI by comparing visits during the COVID-19 outbreak period to those during two control periods. Methods: This nationwide, retrospective study used registry data of the National Emergency Department Information System. The ‘outbreak period’ was defined as the period between February 21, 2020 and April 1, 2020, while the ‘control period’ was defined as the same time period in the preceding two years (2018 and 2019). The primary outcome of our study was the number of patients admitted to the ED owing to AMI during the outbreak and control periods. Secondary outcomes were time from symptom onset to ED visit, length of ED stay, and 30-day mortality following admission. Results: During the outbreak period, 401,378 patients visited the ED; this number was lower than that during the control periods (2018: 577,548; 2019: 598,514). The number of patients with AMI visiting the ED was lower during the outbreak period (2,221) than during 2018 (2,437) and 2019 (2,591). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in ED visits by patients with AMI. We assume that this could likely be caused by misinterpretation of AMI symptoms as symptoms of respiratory infection, fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and restrictions in accessing emergency medical care owing to overburdened healthcare facilities. This study sheds light on the fact that healthcare and emergency medical staff members must work towards eliminating hurdles due to this pandemic for patients to receive timely emergency care, which in turn will help curb the growing burden of mortality.
Lee, Heung Soo,Chang, Chin-Sung,Kim, Hui,Choi, Do Yeol Korean Society of Forest Science 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.5
We used enzyme electrophoresis to evaluate genetic diversity in five populations of endemic ash, Fraxinus chiisanensis in Korea. Of 15 putative allozyme loci examined 26.7% were polymorphic and expected heterozygosity for the species was low (0.082). Within the range, population were highly differentiated ($F_{ST}$=0.356) and little genetic variation was explained by geography. The pattern of distribution of variation showed low genetic variation within populations and pronounced divergence among populations, which was consistent with the prediction for the effects of limited gene flow and local genetic erosion. Although the frequencies of male plants were dominant ranging from 79.3% to 89.4%, most mating events seems to be inevitable mating between relatives in small populations based on heterozygote deficiency of this species. Small effective population size and the limited dispersal contributed to the low rates of gene flow within as well as between populations.