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Effect of Nano-CaCO3 on the Sealing Efficiency of Grouts in Flowing Water Grouting
Yao-Hui Liu,Ping Yang,Ze-Bin Ouyang,Xiao Wei,Lisha Zhang 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.10
Flowing water grouting is a big challenge in the tunneling and underground engineering. To enhance the early strength and grouting effectiveness of slurry for flowing water grouting, nano-CaCO3 and fly ash were mixed with cement based grout. A series of physical simulation tests were conducted to simulate the flowing water grouting process in rough rock fracture, and investigate the effect of nano-CaCO3 content on the fluid pressure and sealing efficiency of grouts. Results of viscosity tests show that the viscosity of grouts decreased with an increase of nano-CaCO3 content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests indicate that nano-CaCO3can promote the formation of fibrous hydrates and enhance the flowing water resistance of grouts. Increasing nano-CaCO3 content resulted in the first increase while later decrease of maximal fluid pressure (MFP) and sealing efficiency (SE) of grouts. Reducing water cement ratio of grouts and incorporating fly ash can effectively improve the SE of flowing water grouting.
Smads as therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease
( Hui Yao Lan ) 대한신장학회 2012 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.31 No.1
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is generally thought that transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) is a key mediator of fibrosis and mediates renal scarring positively by Smad2 and Smadbut negatively by Smad7. Our recent studies found that in CKD, TGF-b1 is not a sole molecule to activate Smads. Many mediators such as angiotensin II and advanced glycation end products can also activate Smads via both TGF-b-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, Smads can interact with other signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) pathways, to regulate renal inflammation and fibrosis. In CKD, Smad2 and Smad3 are highly activated, while Smad7 is reduced or lost. In the context of fibrosis, Smad3 is pathogenic and mediates renal fibrosis by upregulating miR-21 and miR-19 but down-regulating miR-29 and miR-200 families. By contrast, Smad2 and Smad7 are protective. Overexpression of Smad7 inhibits both Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-kB-driven renal inflammation. Interestingly, Smad4 has diverse roles in renal fibrosis and inflammation. The complexity and distinct roles of individual Smads in CKD suggest that treatment of CKD should aim to correct the imbalance of Smad signaling or target the Smad3-dependent genes related to fibrosis, rather than to block the general effect of TGF-b1. Thus, treatment of CKD by overexpression of Smad7 or targeting Smad3-dependent miRNAs such as downregulation of miR-21 or overexpression of miR-29 may represent novel therapeutic strategies for CKD.
An Orthogonal Study of Industrial Scale Colour Fading Process of Cotton Fabric
Yao-hui Liu,Chester Kin-Man To,Hiu-yan Cheung,Chi-wai Kan,Hong Chua 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3
Colour fading is now a popular process used for imparting a vintage look to textile and fashion products, whichenhances market value because of the current fashion trends. This study examined a non-aqueous colour fading process with the use of oxygen plasma-induced ozone treatment. An industrial scale machine and commercially available red sulpur-dyed cotton fabric (with 0.5 %, 1.5 % and 2.5 % colour depths) were used in this study. Since the colour fading process factors are inter-related to each other, a specific experiment approach, i.e. orthogonal method, was used for obtaining the optimum conditions in an industrial scale colour fading process. Three process factors used in the industrial scale colour fading process, i.e. (i) oxygen gas concentration (%); (ii) amount of water in fabric (%); and (iii) treatment time (minutes), would be studied in this paper. Through the orthogonal method, the optimum conditions for colour fading of the three colour depths of cotton fabric dyed by red sulphur dye were determined and their optimum conditions were same. The optimum conditions of the colour fading of the three colour depths were: (i) 70 % oxygen gas concentration; (ii) 35 % amount of water in fabric; and (iii) 30 minutes treatment time. Although colour fading conditions are the same, the order of importance of these process factors was different. Unlike the conventional colour fading process, oxygen plasma-induced ozone colour fading treatment can achieve uniform and even colour fading effect in the cotton fabric effectively.
姚?(Yao Hui) 부산대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학연구 Vol.52 No.2
현재 중국의 〈계약법〉은 중화인민공화국 제9차 ‘전국인민대표대회’의 제2차 전체 회의에서 통과 된 것으로써, 1999년 10월 1일부터 실시 되었다. 당시의 비교적 보편적으로 쓰이던 서술에 의하면, 이것은 중국의 “통일된 계약법”이다; 이 법의 정식 공포와시행으로 인해, 〈중화인민공화국경제계약법〉, 〈중화인민공화국국외관련경제계약법〉, 〈중화인민공화국기술계약볍〉 이렇게 세 가지로 병립하여 대치하던 중국의 법 체제를 종식시키고, 계약법의 ‘천하일통’을 이루었다. 중국의 민사입법역사상 역사적 전환을 가져온 획기적인 의미가 있는 법률이다. 근, 현대 의의 상의 중국 법에 아무런 의문이 없이 처음부터 시작하여 깊게 국외, 국내 특히 외국법의 영향을 많이 받았다. 그 정도는 한 학자가 만약 백 년 이래 외국법률의 이식이 없었으면 근, 현대 중국법도 없었을 것이라고 지적할 정도였다. 중국 근, 현대 법의 기초는 중국 전통사회의 법률이 아니라 외국법, 특히 서방의 법이 주를 이룬다. 필자의 생각으로는 이 말은 중국 계약법에도 적용 되어있다. 물론 외국법률제도 및 이론의 학습, 도입, 참고 과정 중에도 주의 할 만한 문제가 있다. 첫 번째는 어떻게 외국법과 중국의 국정을 결합하는지의 문제, 즉 양위중용(洋?中用)의 문제이다. 최근 몇 년 법학계에서는 계속 법률이식, 법률본토화, 법률과 국정 등의 문제를 토론 하고 있다. 입법 과정 중에 이런 문제는 자주 출현한다. 예를 들어 본문에도 말한 중국 계약법 중 영미 법제도의 도입이다. 다음으로 외국의 유명한 민법 학자의 학술사상 및 그 학술사상이 각국 민법전에 대한 영향과 일본, 한국 민법전 내의 전통민법을 깊게 연구하는 학자가 아직 적고 영미 법의 재산법, 계약법, 침권 행위법의 이론을 연구하는 학자도 적다. 한마디로 말해 우리는 지금 진정 사회생활과 법률체계가 각국의 민법을 파악할 능력이 있다고 생각하는가? 대답은 확실하지 않을 것이다. 중국 계약법의 학술품격 또는 방법론상의 특징을 요약하면 답안은 얻기 어려울 수 도 있거나 쉬울 수 도 있다. Chinese authority enacted a new unified “contract law” in 1999, and ended three separate contract laws which are economic contract law, foreign economic contract law and technological contract law. The enactment of new contract law integrates law principle with law value, and promotes to solve some clashes and problems in law, together with the systematism of civil law. However, the contract law carries some flaws, such as unclearness of system and legislative logic, difficult in combining different contract laws, the lack of some necessary institutions and typical contract. Two methods, based on legality, may be taken in judgement, one is avoid creating legislative norms, focus on the legality, judicature and application of judicial interpretation. Another is internationalization.