An On-Demand Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks

Yan, Huai-Zhi,Ajith P.K,Park, Dong-Won,Joo, Gi-Ho 배재대학교 공학연구소 2005 공학논문집 Vol.7 No.1

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the centralized administration. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless work interface, multiple networks “hops” maybe needed for one node to exchange data with adjacent node. In recent years, a variety of new routing protocol about ad hoc network was developed. This paper presents a new routing protocol based on the Dynamic Source Routing which is not suitable for the high mobility ad hoc network. The Enhanced DSR adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent. When a trunk route is broken, this protocol will utilize the alternative route saved in the route to discovery quickly the new route. It improves the performance of the existing DSR algorithm, so that the negative impacts from weakness of DSR are reduced.

목판 인쇄술이 동아시아 문화에 미친 영향

( Huai Yuan ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2014 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.58

목판 인쇄의 역사는 우리에게 목판 인쇄술의 탄생과 발전이 사회 문화적 요구와 밀접하게 연결되어 있다는 것을 알려준다. 조판 인쇄술의 탄생에는 두 가지 기본 조건이 있다. 하나는 물질 기술적 조건이며 또 하나는 사회 문화적 조건이다. 일찍이 진(秦)·서한(西漢, BC 211-218년) 시기, 중국에는 이미 금속·대나무·벽돌에 새겨서 탁본하는 숙련된 기술이 있었다. 동한(東漢, 25-220년) 시기에 이르면 문자 기록 장치로 부드러우면서도 편리한 종이가 발명되었다. 이로써 목판 인쇄술이 탄생하는데 필요한 물질 기술적 조건은 기본적으로 갖추어졌다. 그러나 물질 기술적 조건만으로 목판 인쇄술이 탄생할 수는 없다. 반드시 상응하는 사회 문화적 조건이 있어야만 한다. 대량의 ``지식 수요``와 상대적으로 광범위한 ``독서 인구``가 있을 때, 비로소 사람들은 사용이 편리하면서도 원가는 저렴하며 많은 내용을 저장할 수 있어 사람들의 사상 문화적 요구를 충족시켜줄 수 있는 목판 인쇄술을 발명하기 위해 노력하게 된다. 사회 문화적 요구는 기술 혁신과 발전을 가져왔고 기술 혁신과 발전은 사회 문화적 요구를 충족시켜주었다. 이 글은 목판 인쇄술의 발전 과정을 통하여 다섯 가지 측면에서 목판 인쇄술이 동아시아 문화에 미친 영향에 대해 분석할 것이다. 첫째, 한자를 널리 보급시켰다. 둘째, 불교문화 전파를 촉진시켰다. 셋째, 유교문화의 영향력을 확대시켰다. 넷째, 사상 문화 교류를 촉진시켰다. 다섯째, 동양 예술의 특징을 드러내고 있다. 전 세계 동아시아 문화권, 서구의 기독교 문화권, 그리스 정교 문화권, 이슬람 문화권, 인도 문화권 등 5대 문화권 중에서도 동아시아 문화권의 목판 인쇄술은 지역·인종·문화 등 여러 가지 이유로 인해 동아시아 문화 형성과 발전 과정에서 간과할 수 없는 중요한 역할을 했다. 목판 인쇄술은 탄생―발전―성숙―정점―쇠락에 이르기까지 1500여년이라는 세월을 거쳤다. 이 시기는 곧 동아시아 문화의 중요한 발전기이기도 하다. 목판 인쇄술은 끊임없는 자기완성의 과정을 통해 사회 문화적 요구에 부합하고 만족시키기 위해 노력해왔다. 그리고 그 무엇으로도 대체할 수 없는 목판 인쇄술이 가지는 고유의 사회적 기능은 동양 문화의 전파, 문화 통합, 문화적 동질감, 문화 자정(資政) 등 네 가지 방면에서 커다란 작용을 발휘하여 동아시아 문화권의 탄생과 발전에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 그러므로 후대 사람들이 깊이 연구할 만한 가치가 있다. It may be firgure out from the history of block printing that the produce and developing of block printing are closely related to the requirement of socity and culture. There`re two essential conditions for the birth of block printing: technology and culture. As early as Qin and Xi Han dynasty, the technology of metal, bamboo even bricks printing has been mature. Until Dong Han dynasty, the soft and portable carrier of writing, which called paper, is invented, the produce of block printing had ingredient of necessary conditions of material. However, It is not certain of produce with which mentioned above, It needs appropriate culture conditions too, only a large number of requirments for knowledge and reading can inspire the produce of block printing, which is appling simply, cost inexpensive and high capacity. It also satisfied the need for thinking and culture. The requirments of culture and socity leads to the innovation of technology, and which satisfy the requirments in turn. The paper analysis the affect of east asia culture by block printing in five section through the developing of it: ⅰwhich spread the chinese characters, ⅱ which accelerate the accepted of buddhism, ⅲ which expands the affect of confucianism, ⅳ which promote the communication of ideology, ⅴwhich reveal the feature of east culture. In five cultural zones which consist of east asia cultural zone, west europe cultural zone, east europe cultural zone, middle east cultural zone and India cultural zone, the formation of east asia cultural zone effected by many factors such as region, ethnic group and culture. In this progress, the contribution of block printing should not be neglected. The block printing has gone through 1500 years from birth, developing, mature, glamour to decline, it is in accord with the period of important east asia culture expansion. The block printing was always trying hard to adapt and satisfy the needs of culture and socity in the progress of self-improvement, and it act as irreplaceable role in cultural spreading, cultural integration, cultural identity and bureaucracy forming and which ensures the characteristcs of east asia cultural zone directly. It worth to be studied by futurity.

Comparison study between recovered carbon black and commercial carbon black filled epoxy conductive materials

Huai M. Ooi,Pei L. Teh,Cheow K. Yeoh,Wee C. Wong,Chong H. Yew,Xue Y. Lim,Kai K. Yeoh,Nor A. Abdul Rahim,Chun H. Voon Techno-Press 2024 Advances in materials research Vol.13 No.3

Waste tire management and recycling have grown to be significant issues because they bring up a global environmental concern. Thus, turning recycled waste tires into useful products may help tackle the environmental issue. This research aims to study and compare the effect of recycled carbon black (rCB) and commercial carbon black (CB) at certain 15 vol. % of filler loading on the mechanical, thermal, morphology and electrical properties of epoxy/CB composites. For this project, epoxy resin, diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), recovered carbon black (rCB) and commercial carbon black (CB) graded N330, N550, N660 and N774 were mixed and compared accordingly to the formulation determined. The CB content was dispersed in the epoxy matrix using the mechanical mixing technique. The distribution and dispersion of CB in the epoxy matrix affect the characteristics of the conductive composites. rCB content at 15 vol% was selected at fixed content for comparison purposes due to the optimum value in electrical conductivity results. The flexural strength results followed the sequence of rCB>N774>N660>N550>N330. As for electrical conductivity results, epoxy/N330 exhibited the highest conductivity value, while the others achieved a magnitude of X10^-3 due to the highest external surface area of N330. In terms of thermal stability, epoxy/N330 and epoxy/N774 were slightly more stable than epoxy/rCB.

A new contour method for rapid evaluation of the cross-sectional residual stress distribution in complex geometries using a 3D scanner

Huai Wang,Dong-Kyu Kim,우완측,최시훈,Soo Yeol Lee,Sun Kwang Hwang 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.5

This paper presents a new method for contour measurements using a 3D scanner to determine cross-sectional residual stresses in structural components with complex configurations. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the axial residual stress distribution in a dissimilar pipe weld and the obtained results were compared with those obtained using a benchmarked contour measurement machine (CMM) equipped with a confocal laser probe for verification. It reveals a quantitative agreement between the two methods in terms of both the measured contours and the calculated residual stresses. Most importantly, this method allows a significantly reduced measurement time by ~99 % (~20 min, with an effective measurement speed of ~0.2 sec/mm 2 ), compared to the benchmarked method (~48 hr, with an effective measurement speed of ~28.7 sec/mm 2 ). Based on stress uncertainty analysis, this method guarantees a longer range of stable fits due to fewer noisy data points than the benchmarked method.

Effects of Strawberry Propagation Method on Runner-plant Survival, Quality, and on Stock Plant Runners Growth and Flowering

Huai-En Kuo,Kuo-Tan Li,Iou-Zen Chen 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

A Series of 3D Lanthanide Complexes Containing (La(III), Sm(III) and Gd(III)) Metal-organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Their Luminescent Properties

Huai-min Zhang,Hao Yang,Lan-zhi Wu,Shuang Song,Li-rong Yang 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.11

Three kinds of 3D isomorphous and isostructural coordination polymers, namely, {[Ln2(PDA)3(H2O)3]·0.25H2O}∞ (Ln = La(1), Sm(2), and Gd(3)) (PDA2− = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In these MOFs, Ln(III) centers adopt eight-coordinated and nine-coordinated with the N1O7 and N2O7 donor sets to construct distorted trianglar dodecahedron geometry and tricapped trigonal prism configurations, respectively. Based on the building block of tetranuclear homometallic Ln4C4O8 unit (16- membered ring), 1-3 are connected into highly ordered 2D sheets via O-C-O linkers and further constructed into 3D architectures through hydrogen bonds. Crystallographic parameters suggest that the lanthanide contraction effect exist in these coordination polymers. Luminescent properties of the lanthanide-based MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) have been measured at room temperature, which reveal that they presenting ionselective characters toward certain metals, such as Mg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions.

Efficient synthesis of bio-monomer 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or fructose in DMSO/H2O mixed solvent

Huai Liu,Xuejuan Cao,Ting Wang,Junnan Wei,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Yong Sun,Tingzhou Lei,Shijie Liu,Lu Lin 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-

The conversion of concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) or fructose to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA), a renewable alternative to petroleum-derived terephthalate acid, is highly desirable butchallenging for FDCA production in an industrial scale. In this contribution, DMSO/H2O mixture wasdemonstrated as an effective medium for the production of FDCA from high concentration of HMF orfructose. For example, FDCA yield up to 93% was achieved at 10 wt% HMF concentration in DMSO/H2Oover commercially available Ru/C (2 equiv. NaHCO3, 130 C, 4 MPa O2 and 12 h). Furthermore, an overallFDCA yield of 65% was achieved from concentrated fructose (19 wt%) through a facile two-step process. Notably, it is so far the highest HMF or fructose concentration employed for FDCA formation. As comparedto pure water or DMSO, DMSO/H2O mixed system is able to stabilize HMF in an alkaline environment,which allows the efficient oxidation of HMF at high concentrations.

MEASUREMENT OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR NONROAD DIESEL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

HUAI T.,SHAH S. D.,DURBIN T. D.,NORBECK J. M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4

In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3-11 lover the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately $25\%$ with a range from 11 to $65\%$ for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.

Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Slot Wedges Design for Increasing Performance of Railway Traction Motor

Huai-Cong Liu,Sooyoung Cho,Hyun-Seok Hong,Kyoung-Jin Joo,Sang-Hwan Ham,Ju Lee 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.6

This study focuses on the effects of using open stator slots in an interior permanent magnet traction motor with a magnetic slot wedge design in order to increase the power density at its base speed. In addition, such a configuration reduces the torque ripple under field-weakening conditions. Five different wedge models were selected, each of which was evaluated using a finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the initial model, we designed magnetic slot wedges for maximum back-EMF and minimum cogging torque. In addition, the d-q axis inductance was slightly altered due to the magnetic slot wedges. Finally, we analyzed the performance of a traction machine under field weakening control. Moreover, we have outlined the requirements for an ideal magnetic slot wedge design.

Mitigating CH4 Emissions in Semi-Aerobic Landfills: Impacts of Operating Conditions on Abundance and Community Structure of Methanotrophs in Cover Soils

( Huai Li ),( Zi Fang Chi ),( Wen Jing Lu ),( Hong Tao Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.7

aprE of Bacillus subtilis, aprECB1, was cloned from B. amyloliquefaciens CB1, and DNA