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One-pot synthesis of high fructose corn syrup directly from starch with SO42−/USY solid catalyst
Yong Sun,Caixia Xiong,Huihui Chen,Xianhai Zeng,Xing Tang,Tingzhou Lei,Lu Lin 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.7
An efficient process was developed for the conversion of starch directly into high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by using SO4 2−/USY solid catalyst in water. The SO4 2−/USY catalyst was found to act as a bifunctional catalyst with high activity for both hydrolysis of starch and isomerization of glucose, achieving a one-step preparation path of HFCS from starch. An optimal HFCS yield, containing 58.34% glucose and 27.84% fructose (mass fraction), was obtained at 150 oC for only 1 h.
Chen Gong,Junnan Wei,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Yong Sun,Lu Lin 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.5
Biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) and its esters are currently envisaged as versatile, renewable platform chemicals. In this study, cellulosic pulp derived from the cooking of lignocellulosic biomass with active oxygen and solid alkali was employed as raw material for the formation of LA or ethyl levulinate (EL). This pretreatment process is highly effective for the delignification and deconstruction of lignocellulose matrix, making a facile degradation of the resulting cellulosic pulp to LA or EL. At this point, the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or ethanolysis of cellulosic pulp was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), offering desirable LA yield of 65.3% or EL yield of 62.7%, which is significantly higher than those obtained from raw biomass. More importantly, coking behavior on the inwall of the reactor was eliminated during the hydrolysis or ethanolysis of cellulosic pulp, which is one of the top challenges for the acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass in an industrial scale.
Huai Liu,Xuejuan Cao,Ting Wang,Junnan Wei,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Yong Sun,Tingzhou Lei,Shijie Liu,Lu Lin 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-
The conversion of concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) or fructose to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA), a renewable alternative to petroleum-derived terephthalate acid, is highly desirable butchallenging for FDCA production in an industrial scale. In this contribution, DMSO/H2O mixture wasdemonstrated as an effective medium for the production of FDCA from high concentration of HMF orfructose. For example, FDCA yield up to 93% was achieved at 10 wt% HMF concentration in DMSO/H2Oover commercially available Ru/C (2 equiv. NaHCO3, 130 C, 4 MPa O2 and 12 h). Furthermore, an overallFDCA yield of 65% was achieved from concentrated fructose (19 wt%) through a facile two-step process. Notably, it is so far the highest HMF or fructose concentration employed for FDCA formation. As comparedto pure water or DMSO, DMSO/H2O mixed system is able to stabilize HMF in an alkaline environment,which allows the efficient oxidation of HMF at high concentrations.
Zhihao Si,Xin Zhang,Miao Zuo,Tao Wang,Yong Sun,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Lu Lin 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.2
2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a one of the most promising biomass-derived chemicals to substitute the non-renewable terephthalic acid as the monomer for producing polyethyleneterephthalate. At present, the oxidation of HMF is regarded as a prevalent way to prepare FDCA. Nevertheless, the isolation and storage of HMF is still a challenge. Herein, based on the higher stability of 5-formyloxymethylfurfural (FMF) than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), we present an effective preparation route to prepare FDCA by substituting HMF with FMF as feedstock. A complete conversion of FMF and a 93.55% selectivity of FDCA were obtained in the mixed solvent of water and 1, 2- dioxane using Ru/C as catalyst and O2 as oxidant. An improved process was developed for preparing FDCA using FMF as feedstock. The investigation of conversion pathway showed that FMF and HMF were simultaneously oxidized to 2, 5-diformylfuran (DFF) in a case of the existence of the reversible equilibrium between FMF and HMF. Then DFF was oxidized to 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA). Subsequently, FFCA was oxidized to FDCA. In this process, the oxidation of FFCA to FDCA was determined as the rate-determining step. Furthermore, appropriate alkalinity favored the selectivity of FDCA and the conversion of FMF.
Li Chengfeng,Lyu Qishen,Li Zheng,Yang Shuliang,Sun Yong,Tang Xing,Zeng Xianhai,Lin Lu 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.9
The hydrogenation of biomass-based furan compounds is an important step for the catalytic valorization of biobased chemicals. In this work, Ru-based catalysts supported on different supports, such as HY, MgO and Amberlyst-15, were prepared and estimated for the hydrogenation of dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (FDMC). Among them, Ru/HY provided a desirable yield of 99.4% for tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (THFDMC) under 90 °C and 3 MPa H2. Based on catalyst characterization, Ru/HY could offer more surface Ru0 species and carbon radical intermediates than other catalysts, which could largely favor the activation of hydrogen and then promote the hydrogenation of FDMC over Ru/HY.
Ting Wang,Junnan Wei,Huai Liu,Yunchao Feng,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Yong Sun,Tingzhou Lei,Lu Lin 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-
2, 5-Bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) has been currently emerged as a promising biomass-derivedmonomer. It is highly desirable to proceed a chemical process at a high substrate concentration, by whicha facile and cost-effective separation of products can be expected. Herein, we report for thefirst time onthe hydrogenation of highly concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in deep eutectic solvents(DESs), giving a near quantitative selectivity towards BHMF in ChCl-glycerol DES at 25 C in 3 h usingNaBH4 as the H-donor. DES is hailed as a new class of green solvent, in which HMF/BHMF could bestabilized by the strong hydrogen-bond interaction, and allowed the selective hydrogenation of HMF athigh concentration up to 40 wt%. Notably, the resulting BHMF could be facilely separated by extractionwith ethyl acetate, and then high purity of BHMF with a desirable isolated yield around 80% was obtainedafter removing of ethyl acetate. Additionally, the reaction efficiency of HMF hydrogenation in DESs wasverified to be strongly associated with the viscosity of DESs and the pKa value of hydrogen-bonding donor.
Green and mild production of 5-aminolevulinic acid from algal biomass
Binglin Chen,Jiachen Li,Yunchao Feng,Kai Le,Yuxia Zai,Xing Tang,Yong Sun,Xianhai Zeng,Lu Lin 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.5
Algal biomass was converted into 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in five chemical steps: conversion to 5- (chloromethyl)furfural (5-CMF), ammoniation, ring-opening (photo-oxidation), reduction, and hydrolyzation. Among them, we mainly focused on the 5-CMF production and the following ammoniation. To our knowledge, the mixed solvent catalytic system of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and low concentration hydrochloric acid is the first reported for the synthesis of 5-CMF from algal biomass, providing a 24.6% 5-CMF yield at 120 oC for 5 h. Potassium phthalimide (KPI) was employed as an ammoniation reagent with superb selectivity and activity instead of conventional sodium azide (NaN3). Optimizing the experimental design, a 23.7% 5-ALA yield along with high purity (>96%) was achieved from 5-CMF, and the total 5-ALA yield was 5.8% from algal biomass. This work provides a green and mild pathway for 5- ALA production from algal biomass.
Caixia Xiong,Yong Sun,Juan Du,Wei Chen,Zhihao Si,He Gao,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.6
5-[(Formyloxy)methyl]furfural (FMF), an analogue of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is becoming more attractive due to its superior stability and hydrophobicity, which make it easier to refineand store. In the present study, FMF was produced from fructose by one-pot approach in pure formic acid media or by a two-step approach via HMF in choline chloride (ChCl)/fructose deep eutectic solvents (DES) system. A favorable FMF yield of 63.22% was reached by two-step approach. In addition, the effects of reaction parameters, such as temperature and acidity, on preparation of FMF from fructose were systematically investigated. The dehydration of fructose into HMF was confirmed as the rate-controlling step in the consecutive reaction. Ultimately, the separation and purification procedures of FMF were put forward. The FMF with a purity of 98.8% was obtained finally. Meanwhile, the FMF purified by saturated sodium bicarbonate solution showed an excelled storage stability.