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사람 뇨의 γ - Glutamyl Transpeptidase
김호중,이민화 ( Ho Jung Kim,Min Wha Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1976 BMB Reports Vol.9 No.3
A crude urinary protein concentrate was prepared by treating human urine with amrnonium sulfate, and was found to be active in hydrolyzing the synthetic substrate, r-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide. The hydrolytic activity of the urine enzyme was most efficient at pH 8.5 in tris buffer in the presence of glycylglycine as a r-glutamyl acceptor. L-Glutamine and L-methionine also acted as a r-glutamyl acceptor, but L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, glycine, L-valine, L-aspartic acid, and L-homoserine inhibited the enzyme, suggesting that these amino acids do not act as r-glutamyl acceptors. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by bromosulfophthalein, oxidized glutathione, and by L-serine in the presence of borate, the inhibition being more marked than is the cage with human serum and rat kidney enzymes. L mike rat kidney enzymes, the urine enzyme did not show phosphate-independent and maleate-stimulated glutaminase activity. The urinary enzyme activity was not correlated with the serum enzyme activity in various disease entities such as liver disease, kidney and urinary tract infections, and others.
김호중 ( Kim Ho Jung ),한상웅 ( Han Sang Ung ) 대한신장학회 2004 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.23 No.1
목 적 : 최근 입원 당시 임상적 특징만으로 신증후성 출혈열의 진단이 어려웠던 경험을 토대로 1950년대에 기술된 신증후성 출혈열의 특징적인 5단계 임상상의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 급성신부전을 동반한 신증후성 출혈열 환자의 임상 특징을 1995년부터 2000년까지 신증후성 출혈열에 의한 급성신부전으로 입원한 35명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 재평가하였다. 결 과 : 입원 시에 급성 신부전의 원인으로 신증후성 출혈열을 고려하지 못하고 오진하는 경우가 많았다. (71%, 26/35). 입원 시에 발열은 모든 환자에서 있었고 (100%), 35명의 환자 중 33명 (94%)에서는 위장관 증상이 한가지 또는 복합적으로 나타났다. 그러나 임상적 쇽은 아무도 보이지 않았고 4명의 환자 (11%)만이 퇴원시 수축기압보다 낮은 저혈압이 측정되었다. 또한 핍뇨는 입원시 첫 하루 동안 5명 (14%)의 환자에서만 관찰되었다. 신증후성 출혈열을 옳게 진단된 군 (n=9)과 오진된 군 (n=26) 사이를 비교하면 발열 (100% vs 100%)과 위장관 증상 (89% vs 96%)은 두 군에서 높은 빈도로 관찰되었고 혈액학적 징후 (67% vs 23%)와 혈역동학적 징후 (67% vs 4%)는 오진된 군에서 낮은 빈도로 관찰되었다. 입원 당시 오진된 환자의 절반 이상이 신장내과 외 타과 (54%)로 입원하였고 항생제 (46%)와 스테로이드 (15%)에 노출되었다. 입원 당시 오진된 군은 신증후성 출혈열이 옳게 진단된 군에 비해 불필요하게 입원기간의 연장을 보였다 (mean±SD, 21±3 vs 12±4 days, p<0.01). 결 론 : 급성 신부전을 보이는 신증후성 출혈열 환자의 간편한 3단계의 임상상 (발열기, 위장관기, 신장기)은 저혈압기와 핍뇨기를 보이지 않는 최근의 변화를 보안할 수 있을 것이다. 최근 변화하는 임상양상에 대한 인식은 급성 신부전의 원인으로서 한탄바이러스 감염을 간과하지 않게 되고 불필요한 치료 및 입원기간을 단축시키는데 도움이 될 것이다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to look for possible changes from typical clinical features of 5 esquential clinical phases described in 1950s. Methods : The clinical features and laboratory data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with acute renal failure (ARF) and its subdivided 2 groups of correct and incorrect impression of HFRS on admission before the serological confirmation were reevaluated in 35 patients admitted at a single tertiary center from 1995 to 2000. Results : We experienced the high failure rate (74%, 26/35) to recognize HFRS as the cause of ARF on admission. On admission, fever was present in all patients (100%), and thirty three (94%) had either single or combined gastrointestinal symptoms. However, no one had clinical shock and only 4 patients (11%) had hypotension. Also, oliguria was noted only in 5 patients (14%) during the first 24 hrs on admission. When compared between 2 groups of correct (n=9) and incorrect impression of HFRS (n=26), febrile (100% vs 100%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (89% vs 96%) were present high both but hematologic (67% vs 23%) and hemodynamic signs (67% vs 4%) were much less present in the latter. The patients of incorrect impression on admission were admitted more than half (14/26, 54%) under non-renal care, and were exposed to antibiotics (46%) and even steroids (15%), respectively. In addition, these patients with incorrect impression on admission showed the unwanted outcomes of longer hospitalization that those with correct impression of HFRS (mean±SD, 21±3 vs. 12±4 days, p,0.01). Conclusion : Its well awareness of the changing clinical features in endemic area of HFRS would avoid overlooking Hantaviruses as a causal agent of ARF on the initial admission stage of HFRS leading to unnecessary treatments and longer hospitalization. (Korean J Nephrol 2004;23(1):82-91)
비감사서비스와 감사보수로 측정한 감사인의 독립성과의 관련성
김호중(Ho jung Kim),우정현(Jung hyun Woo),김미옥(Mi oak Kim) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2004 商經硏究 Vol.29 No.2
The question of whether an auditor should be permitted to provide non-audit services to an audit client has been recently debated. It has been argued that providing both audit and non-audit services to the same clients may create a conflict of interests, particularly when an auditor may treat the audit service as a “loss leader” to trigger non-audit service contracts that generally produce high revenues to the auditor. The auditor supplying both audit and non-audit services to the same clients would hesitate to issue honest audit opinions for fear that he/she would lose his/her lucrative business, non-audit services. If that’s the case, providing both services to the same clients should be a serious threat to the nexus of audit services-auditor independence. In this study, we examine the effect on audit fees of providing both audit and non-audit service to the same clients. If auditors tend to use the audit service as a “loss leader” to attract lucrative non-audit services from the same clients, audit fees would be sharply cut down, and thus the audit quality wold be deteriorated. In this sense, the audit fee may proxy the auditor independence. The empirical results show that audit fees for clients who purchase non-audit services from their auditors are higher than those for clients who do not do so. They imply that, contrary to the public concerns, the auditor independence is not weakened, rather maybe strengthened, when auditors provides non-audit services to the same clients. The results are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that the provision of both services to the same clients could improve the audit quality from a beneficial knowledge spillover between services. The regulators and policy authorities may have to be more cautious when they intend to prohibit auditors from supplying various non-audit services to the same clients.
제1,2연평해전을 통한 한국의 군사적 안보위기와 위기관리 재인식
김호중 ( Ho Jung Kim ) 한국군사학회 2016 군사논단 Vol.85 No.-
Military crisis management in the event of traditional security threats is essential to the survival and prosperity of a nation. Due to North Korea`s blatant military first policy, South Korea has always been exposed to traditional security threats and have even suffered military provocations like that of the First and Second Battles of Yeonpyeong. Furthermore, the recent instability of the Kim Jong Un regime and weapons of mass destruction (nuclear development, chemical/biochemical weapons, ballistic missiles, etc.) will continue to pose as serious threats to our security. In this regard, crisis management has become as an issue of national importance. With continued military provocations by the North and public safety and peace in danger, in order to deter the North`s ill-judged military provocations, the government must express its strong determination to counter the North`s threats and implement crisis management measures by responding to any military provocations by the North with strong military response.
Rifampicin 내성 결핵균의 검출에 있어서 PCR-line Probe법과 PCR-SSCP법의 비교
김호중 ( Ho Joong Kim ),서지영 ( Gee Young Suh ),정만표 ( Man Pyo Chung ),김종원 ( Jong Won Kim ),심태선 ( Tae Sun Shim ),최동철 ( Dong Chull Choi ),권오정 ( O Jung Kwon ),이종헌 ( Chong H. Rhee ),한용철 ( Yong Chol Han ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1998 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.45 No.4