각종 산성 수용액이 상아세관의 개방형태와 HEMA 상아질접착제의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

임호남 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study was planned to evaluate the effect of acidic aqueous solutions unlike phosphoric acid on the dentin bonding. Acids such as phosphoric acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, and nitric acid, and EDTA were mixed with glycine, lysine, NPG, ferric oxalate or aluminum nitrate. 13 kinds of solutions were prepared, and its pH were measured. Observations of shapes of orifices of dential tubules on the external surface of dentin treated with experimental solutions and measurements of shear bond strengths between HEMA based dentin bonding agent and dentin treated were done. Following results and conclusion were drawn: 1. pH of pyruvic acid solutions were higher than that of traditional phosphric acid, EDTA showed the least decalcification of dentin, and glycine and lysine exhibited the buffer effects. 2. The highest shear bond strength was confirmed on 10% pyruvic acid group. 3. Incorporation of NPG into phosphoric acid, nitric acid, pyruvic acid did not induce the decrease of shear bond strength. 4. Co-relation between pH and shear bond strength was not confirmed, however in groups from a acid, the increase of pH made the decrease of shear bond strength. 5. Nitric acid containing NPG, phosphoric acid containing glycine, and pyruvic acid containing lysine showed the closing of orifices of dental tubules without the dcrease of shear bond strength. It could be assumed that pyruvic acid is excellant one than traditional phosphoric acid, and that NPG, glycine and lysine can be used as closing agent for dentinal tubules without the loss of shear bond strength, and a desensitizing agent.

카복실레이트 시멘트의 결합을 위한 상아질의 불소처리에 관한 연구

임호남 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Fluoride treatment of dentin surface can offer the expectations for the increase of bond strength carboxylate cements due to the increase of inorganic contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of the concentrations and the application time of NaF solutions on the bond strength. Bovine teeth of the lower central incisors were abraded to be exposed to smooth and flat dentin surfaces. Polycarboxylate cements were classified and experimented as a SnF₂contained one and a NaF contained one. The concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and the application time of 2, 5, 8, 10 minutes were used. Total numbers of experimental groups were 32. Shear bond strengths of each groups were measured and used to determine the influences of concentrations and application time on those measurements. Bond strengths were increased by the higher concentrations of NaF solutions. At the aspect of the application time, groups of 8 minute treatment showed the highest bond strength. A polycarboxylate cement containing SnF₂exhibited the higher bond strength than that of a NaF contained one.

치아 우식증 수복용 복합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제 2 편 : 치아와의 결합양상 및 적합성에 관한 연구

임호남,민병순,신제원 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was the evaluations of bonding behavior of experimental resins (KM-22) to acid etched enamel and surface treated dentin using shear bond strength and microleakage test. Enamel surfaces etched with various concentrated phosphoric acid and dentin surface treated with ferric compound were bonded with resin materials and used to measure the shear bond strength between them. To test the microleakage, tooth etched and filled with resins were cross cut and observed the degree of penetration of dye into interfaces. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. All of phosphoric diluted with various concentrations etching the enamel surfaces increased the shear bond strength of experimental resins to enamel, and acid concentrations over 30% did not make the significant higher bond strength of resins to etched enamel with it. 2. Some pretreatment of dentin smear layers increased the shear bond strength between dentin and resins. 3. Substantial leakage occurs around unetched composite restorations, and the filler added experimental resins showed the decresed penetration of the dye. 4. From dentin surfaces treated with EDTA, removal of smear layers and exposure of dentinal tubules were confirmed, but dentinal tubules of ferric oxalate treated dentin were occluded with some crystals regarded as precipitates.

초등학교 과학교실 및 과학동아리 관련 현장 조사 및 프로그램 개발 모형 설정

임청환,김남일,권성기,고한중,이성호 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 과학 교실 및 과학반, 과학동아리 활동과 관련하여 일선 학교 현장에서는 어떤 문제점을 갖고 있으며 어떤 요구가 있는지 조사연구를 통해 알아보고 그 결과를 바탕으로 활동 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 개발 모형을 제시하는 것이었다. 146개 초등학교의 과학 관련 교사를 대상으로 설문 조사하였으며 조사결과, 교사들은 다양한 문제점과 해결 덜'간을 제시하였는데 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 다양한 과학 활동에 대한 행·재정적 지원이 절실히 필요하다. 둘째, 과학비전공 교사도 쉽게 다룰 수 있는 활동 프로그램의 제공이 필요하다. 셋째, 재미있는 활동으로 구성된 프로그램이 있어야 한다. 넷째, 프로그램은 준비가 용이한 활동으로 이루어져야 한다. 다섯째, 탐구 활동 중심의 평가 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로, 교사, 학생, 운영 환경을 축으로 하는 프로그램 개발 맥락을 설정하고 주제 설정, 활동구성, 차시구성, 활동지 구성, 교사용 지침서 구성의 단계로 이루어진 개발 모형을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of elementary school teachers on extra-science programs and to suggest development model for extra-science program. Survey research was conducted on 146 science-related teachers all over the country. As the result, teachers presented several problems and solutions on extra-science activities and programs. The suggestions from the results are as follows. First, more administrative and financial supports are required. Second, it must be the programs with which any teachers, regardless of their major fields, can execute easily. Third, the programs should be interesting for students to do. Fourth, it should be easy to prepare activities and materials, Finally, the inquiry-focused assessment method should be presented in each program. Based on these suggestions, the context of development of programs was established. Three axises of, students, teachers, and environment, were included in the context. The model of development of programs was set up based on the context. It was constructed with six process steps, Confirmation of theme, Composition of work frame, Organization of each period, Worksheets for students, Guidebook for teachers, Completion, and one or two assessment criteria in each process steps. It must be useful to development of extra-science programs that is appropriate to the need of teachers.

표준 셀 라이브러리 P&R 포팅과 테스트 칩의 설계

임호민,김남섭,김진상,조원경 한국항행학회 2003 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.7 No.2

본 논문에서는 최신의 미세공정인 0.18㎛ CMOS 공정을 이용한 표준 셀 라이브러리를 설계하고, 이를 P&R(Placement and Routing) CAD 틀에 사용할 수 있도록 포팅한다 제작결과를 검증하기 위하여 간단한 테스트칩을 제작하였으며 설계에 사용된 표준 셀 라이브러리는 0.18㎛ 아남반도체의 공정이다. 이러한 설계 및 제작과정을 통하여 최신의 미세공정을 이용하여 디지털 시스템의 자동설계가 가능함을 확인하였다. In this paper, we design standard cell libraries using the 0.18um deep submircom CMOS process, and port them into a P&R (Placement and Routing) CAD tool. A simple test ship has been designed in order to verify the functionalities of the 0.18um standard cell libraries whose technical process was provided by Anam semiconductor. Through these experiments, we have found that the new 0.18um CMOS process can be successfully applied to automatic digital system design.

산부식된 법랑질의 재석회화 조건에 따른 특성 변화에 관한 연구 : NaF와 SnF₂의 농도효과 Effect of the concentration of NaF and SnF₂

임호남,이기수 대한치과기재학회 1997 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Enamel acid etching technique with phosphoric acid have been used for the bonding of the resinous materials to enamel. Etching the enamel with phosphoric acid forms the irregular enamel surface which is suitable for the mechanical adhesion, but the problems such as depth of etch, decalcification, increase of caries-sensitivity, and softening. Remineralization of etched enamel should be emphasized, and the typical remineralizing agent could be fluorides. The purpose of this study were to confirm the degree of recover of micro Vicker's Hardness Number of acid-etched enamel by the process of remineralization using NaF and SnF₂, and to observe the fluoride adsortion to acid etched enamel and the morphology of remineralized enamel surface with fluorides. Tooth were premolar extracted for the orthodontic treatment, etchant was a 37%-phosphoric acid solution, and fluoride containing remineralizing solutions were NaF and SnF₂aqueous solutions with the concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. Buccal surface enamels were flattened in resin block. A control group, an acid-etched group, and 10 remineralized experimental groups after acid-etching were designed. Remineralizing durations were 72 hours. Surface hardness were measured by the mocro Vicker's Hardness Tester. After the experiments of surface hardness, two groups from NaF and SnF₂with the highest VHN values were selected. For the control group, the acid-etched group, and two selected groups, the measurement of the cross-sectional hardness from outer surface into inner side and the fluoride adsorption amount onto enamel, and the observation of morphology were done on scanning electron microscope. The following conclusions could be drawn : 1. Hardness of enamel were decreased on half level after the acid-etching. 2. Lowered hardness values of acid-etched group were increased by the immersion into fluoride containing remineralization solution, and NaF was more effective that SnF₂. 3. NaF 2.0% remineralizing solution recovered the lowered hardness to 84.4%. 4. Increase pattern of hardness on cross-sectioned enamel were excellant on NaF. 5. Amount of fluoride adsorption onto enamel ware larger on NaF group than SnF₂ group, it filled the irregular surface formed by etching, and its micro shapes were spherical.

위암에서 근치적 절제술 후 전이 림프절 수가 예후에 미치는 영향

임호영,최진혁,김현수,남동기,김효철 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1998 아주의학 Vol.3 No.1

Gastric cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in Korea, and the most important prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer is the extent of TNM stage. Among TNM staging system, lymph node involvement (N) has been recognized as one of the significant prognostic indicators after curative resection. Recently, nodal stage of new AJCC TNM staging system has changed its emphasis on the location of metastatic lymph nodes to the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Thus, we attempted to analyze the survival difference based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes after curative resection of gastric cancer. Two hundred and forty two patients of curatively resected gastric cancer were retrospectively studied to identify the number of metastatic lymph nodes to influence prognosis. The following results were obtained. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the patients with 0-2 metastatic lymph nodes and those with ≥3 metastatic lymph nodes in adjuvant chemotherapy (FA) group (DFS; 36.7% vs. 23.4%, OS; 38.3% vs. 26.0%). In adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (FA+poly-AU) group, there was a significant difference in the overall survival between the patients with 0∼2 metastatic lymph nodes and those with ≥ 3 metastatic lymph nodes(70.1% vs. 47.4%). The present report demonstrates the prognostic importance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer after curative resection and a necessity of further evaluation of current nodal stage.

치과용 아말감 합금의 인장강도에 관한 연구

임호남,선우양국,김철위 대한치과기재학회 1984 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength of commercially available dental amalgams used in Korea. For this study, six kinds of Korean amalgams and nine kinds of imported amalgams were used. Diametral tensile test specimens were prepared in 4×8mm. stainless steel cylindrical molds and the prepared specimens were stored in 37±1℃ and 100% relative humidity conditions. Diametral tensile strength measurements were made on an Instron testing machine for five specimens, at 15 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days, using a cross head speed of 0.05mm/min. The results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The diametral tensile strength of the high-copper amalgams were higher than that of the conventional amalgams. 2. The diametral tensile strength after fifteen minutes of Korean amalgams much better than the imported amalgams and the final diametral tensile strength of Korean products were also increased.

심미성 수복재의 변연누출에 관한 비교 연구

임선희,임호남,최부병 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.15 No.1

This study evaluated the in vitro early marginal seal effectiveness in class V restorations of glass ionomer cement with or without dentin treatment, sandwich technique, and composite resin with several kinds of dentin bonding agents. The preparations were as uniformly as possible, with depth 1.5 mm, size 4 X 3mm. The one kind of glass ionomer cement for each type, 40% polyacrylic acid for dentin treatment, one kind of composite resin and three commercial dentin bonding agents were tested. Four groups were restored with only glass ionomer cement to evaluate the effect of dentin treatment and the type of glass ionomer on marginal leakage. Two groups were filled with composite resin with glass ionomer base by means of sandwich technique. And three groups were restored wih three commercial dentin bonding agent(Gluma�, Scotchbond 2�, and Tenure) and composite resin. The one that was filled with composite resin without use of dentin bonding agent was used as control group. Ten experimental groups including control group were established and each group had ten cavities. Eight of ten cavities of each group were used for marginal leakage test and two of ten, for investigation of marginal gap. Immediately after being restored, all of specimens were thermocycled 100 times through water bath of 5 ± It and 55 ± It for 38 sec in each bath. Then, marginal leakage of them were estimated by dye penetration method and scanning electron micrographs were taken to evaluate the marginal gap between dentin and restorations at X 1,000 magnification. On the summary of this study, the conclusions were as follows 1. Generally, more marginal leakage at the gingival margins was investigated than at the occlusal margin. While the groups filled with composite resin with dentin bonding agents showed less marginal leakage at occlusal margin, the groups restored with glass ionomer cement had the lower marginal leakage score at gingival margin. 2 When glass ionomer/composite resin sandwich restorations were compared with other restorations, they had least margial leakage at gingival margin. 3. Types of glass ionomer cement and dentin treatment did not affect on the marginal leakage at occlusal margin. At gingival margin, marginal leakage of light curing glass ionomer cement with dentin treat-merit showed significantly higher marginal leakage and wider marginal gap was seen in light curing glass ionomer cement than in chemical curing glass ionomer cement. 4. Though Tenure� exibited significantly less marginal leakage than Gluma� and Scotchbond 20, all of three dentin bonding agents seldom made wide marginal gap equally.

保護者의 口腔保健官理態度와 乳齒列期 兒童의 齒苔指數와의 關係에 關한 硏究

林光昊,金南洪 大韓小兒齒科學會 1984 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between parents attitudes toward their children's dental health and dental plaque index. Dental plaque index was obtained through oral examination of 118 children(female 40, male 78) with primary dentition. The maintenance status of children's dental health though parents' aids was evaluated by means of questionaire to which 79 persons among the 118 children's parents answered. The results were as follows: 1. In children with primary dentition, toothbrushing together with toothbrushing instruction and continuous reinforcement had decreased plaque accumulation progressively. 2. Dental plaque index before toothbrushing showed that dental plaque was accumulated more in the buccal surfaces of teeth in the maxilla and in the lingual surfaces of teeth in the mandible. It was higher in the posterior teeth than in the anterior teeth and in the maxillary teeth than in the mandibular teeth. 3. Dental plaque index of children was inversely proportional to the level of education of their parents. 4. Those parents who have much knowledge of oral hygiene were more positive toward their children's oral hygiene.