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Hiroto Honda(Hiroto Honda ),Reina Maeda(Reina Maeda ),Suguru Ando(Suguru Ando ),Kenji Shinbo(Kenji Shinbo ),Wataru Nanikawa(Wataru Nanikawa ),Masaki Iwamura(Masaki Iwamura ),Yoshihiro Yamashina(Yoshih 사피엔시아 2020 Exercise Medicine Vol.4 No.-
Objectives: Little is known regarding the associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE), cardiopulmonary responses, and carrying bags while level walking. We investigated the changes in RPE and cardiopulmonary responses, including energy cost (EC), oxygen consumption (VdotO₂), and heart rate (HR), when walking with a bag. Methods: This randomized crossover study included 10 healthy adults (aged 21–22 years). Four days of experiments were performed at intervals of 1–2 weeks. The participants walked on a level treadmill while carrying a bag with a strap weighting 5 kg, placed diagonally on their shoulders (DS), vertically on their shoulders (VS), vertically in one hand (VH), and on their backs using both shoulders (BS) for 20 min. Walking speed was stable among all experiments, and was set to the participants’ preferred speed. Results: No significant differences between bag carrying methods regarding EC, VdotO₂, and %HRreserve (based on HR) were observed, whereas RPE respiratory (RPE-resp) and RPE leg muscle (RPE-leg) scores varied based on bag carrying method used. RPE-resp score was significantly lower for DS and BS than VH (both p < 0.0083); however, no significant difference was observed when each RPE-leg score was compared. Conclusions: We found that RPE-resp score varied, whereas no changes in EC, VdotO₂, and HR were observed in healthy adults while walking with different bag carrying methods. Additionally, of all bag carrying methods assessed, the highest RPE-resp score was observed when individuals carried a bag with one-hand at their side.
Linear-Response Theory of the Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect
Hiroto Adachi,Sadamichi Maekawa 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
We theoretically investigate the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect, in which the spin current isinjected from a ferromagnet into an attached nonmagnetic metal in a direction parallel to thetemperature gradient. Using the fact that the phonon heat current flows intensely into the attachednonmagnetic metal in this particular configuration, we show that the sign of the spin injection signalin the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect can be opposite to that in the conventional transverse spinSeebeck effect when the electron-phonon interaction in the nonmagnetic metal is sufficiently large. Our linear-response approach can explain the sign reversal of the spin injection signal recentlyobserved in the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect.
Esophageal Sensation and Esophageal Hypersensitivity -Overview From Bench to Bedside
( Hiroto Miwa ),( Takashi Kondo ),( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Hirokazu Fukui ),( Toshihiko Tomita ),( Jiro Watari ) 대한소화관운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.4
Noxious stimuli in the esophagus activate nociceptive receptors on esophageal mucosa, such as transient receptor potential, acid-sensing ion channel and the P2X family, a family of ligand-gated ion channels responsive to ATP, and this generates sig-nals that are transmitted to the central nervous system via either spinal nerves or vagal nerves, resulting in esophageal sensation. Among the noxious stimuli, gastric acid and other gastric contents are clinically most important, causing typical re-flux symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. A conventional acid penetration theory has been used to explain the mechanism of heartburn, but much recent evidence does not support this theory. Therefore, it may be necessary to approach the causes of heartburn symptoms from a new conceptual framework. Hypersensitivity of the esophagus, like that of other vis-ceral organs, includes peripheral, central and probably psychosocial factor-mediated hypersensitivity, and is known to play cru-cial roles in the pathoegenesis of nonerosive reflux disease, functional heartburn and non-cardiac chest pain. There also are esophagitis patients who do not perceive typical symptoms. This condition is known as silent gastroesophageal reflux disease. Although the pathogenesis of silent gastroesophageal reflux disease is still not known, hyposensitivity to reflux of acid may possibly explain the condition.