The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea

Su-Jin Kang,Jihyun Moon,Heewon Kang,Heekyoung Nam,Sangwoo Tak,Sung-Il Cho 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5

302 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine J Prev Med Public Health 2020;53:302-306 • https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213 The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea SuJin Kang1, Jihyun Moon2, Heewon Kang1, Heekyoung Nam3, Sangwoo Tak1, Sung-il Cho1,3 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Brief Report Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

Environmental Management Portfolio of Korean Fashion Brands

Heewon Sung,Jieun Lee 한국마케팅과학회 2011 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.2 No.1

?2000年?始,?色增?,?色管理????家?播到全世界。2010年4月,??政府公布了有?低?,?色增?的基本行?。企?逐?接受?境管理系?(EMS)???原材料和能源消耗,?少?室??的排放和整?商?活??程中所?生的?染?以此???企?的社?和道德?任。?境管理系?作?一?靖政策略,在20世?90年代初被介?到??。?2003年?始,在?洲?家的??品相?的??的影?和政府的全力支持,?境管理系?得到了?一步的?播。?境管理系?被ISO14001?准所?可。??被??的系?在1996年被法定?直接和商?信?度相?(Lee,2010)。全球范??被ISO14001??的企??在持?增?,到2009年已?有超?223,000家企??得了??,是2005年的3倍。而??以7,843家或??的企?在2009年排在全球第六位(ICIN,2010)。 在????里,?色管理系??在被??是在激烈的??中得以生存的必要?件。在??市?里,全世界有?境意?的???和??品牌都已?使用有机材料,再生材料,或是?色??生?出??境的???品?吸引消?者的??。通?推出有机?品?或??境品牌??的?略市?的?模正在不??大。在??,我?也??了?似的?色???略??。大量的全?性品牌使用有机棉,健康材料例如炭,玉米或竹子,再生材料?生?服?。而且,一些品牌?推??境??,??一定比例的利?捐?相?的?保??(Dong,2000)。最近,??品牌已?在?展他?的?保活??而?得正式的?境??或是采用?境管理系?。 作?一?探索性方法,本硏究探索了一?特定的??企?中的?境管理系??分析了?境管理系?要素方面的?色???略。我??文章,期刊,品牌主?和2009年?行的???据中收集硏究所需的?据。我???Kolon集?作?我?的硏究?象,因?Kolon集?是最能代表???先的???企?。在14?子公司中,包括Kolon Industry在?的6家?得了ISOl4001的??。Kolon的一???品牌是1973年成立的KOLON SPORT,到了20世?80年代,Kolon已?有了三???服品牌。2007年接手??分部之后,在2009年建立了??Kolon。 Kolon Industry的名?在2009年改成了Kolon Industry and Cambridge Kolon,其中包括28?非常受?迎的??品牌。?的??品牌可以分成五大?:?外,??和高?夫(5?品牌),男?(10?品牌),女?(2?品牌),休?服(2?品牌)和其他(3?鞋?品牌和6???品牌)。 2008年6月,在FnC Kolon?得ISO14001??之后,Kolon??部?布了他?的企?愿景?“生????新者”(Kang,2009b),???境作?????的核心价?。Kolon?????品??到零?商店的???些?段的?保活&# Green growth or green management practices originating from advanced countries proliferated worldwide during the 2000s. According to the Low Carbon, Green Growth Act announced by the government of South Korea in April 2010, business should gradually adopt an environmental management system (EMS) to efficiently use resources and energy and to minimize the emission of greenhouse gas or other pollutants as a result of business activities. In addition, businesses should acknowledge social and ethical responsibilities. Environmental management systems were introduced in Korea as a competitive strategy in the early 1990s, and have increased in Korea since 2003 under the influence of the product-related environmental regulations of European countries and the Korean government. Achieving the ISO 14001 standard requires an EMS system. This critical and authoritative certification system, legislated in 1996, directly connects to business reliability. The number of corporations with the ISO 14001 certification continues to increase, with over 223,000 cases worldwide in 2009 and a 300 percent increase internationally since 2005. Korea, with sixth largest number of certifications, had 7,843 certified corporations in 2009 (ICIN, 2010). Green management systems seem to be a requirement for competitive differentiation in the fashion industry. In the fashion market, environment-conscious designers and fashion brands all over the world have produced environmentally friendly fashions by using organic materials, recycled materials, or green designs, appealing to consumers. The fashion market has continued to grow in size by launching typical organic lines and eco-friendly brands. A similar tendency for green marketing strategies can be found in Korea. A significant number of Korean national brands produce clothes with organic cotton; well-being materials, such as charcoal, com, or bamboo; and recycled textiles. In addition, several brands have promoted environmental campaigns and have contributed a certain portion of profits to environment-related organizations (Dong, 2010). Recently, fashion brands have extended green practices to obtain official eco-labels or to adopt environmental management systems. This study investigates the environmental management system of a specific fashion corporation and analyzes green marketing strategies with respect to the elements of an EMS. We collected data from articles, journals, the brand website, and interviews conducted in 2009. For the study, we selected the Kolon Group as a leading example of an eco-friendly organization among domestic companies. Among fourteen subsidiary companies, six, including the Kolon Industry, obtained ISO 14001 certifications. The first Kolon fashion brand was KOLON SPORT in 1973, and three sportswear brands were launched in I 980s. After taking over the Cambridge division in 2007 and merging with Cambridge Kolon in 2009, Kolon Industry changed its name to ‘Kolon Industry and Cambridge Kolon’, which included 28 popular fashion brands. The company’s fashion brands were divided into five categories: outdoor, sports & golf (5 brands), men’s wear (10 brands), women’s wear (2 brands), casual wear (2 brands) and others (3 shoes & 6 premium brands). The Kolon fashion division announced their business vision as “Eco Fashion Innovator” after FnC Kolon obtained ISO 14001 certification in June 2008 (Kang, 2009b), considering the environment as a core value for competitive strength. Kolon practices environment-conscious activities, from textile development to visual merchandising in retail locations (Jung, 2008). Kolon Industry and Cambridge Kolon also use eco-friendly goods production, socially responsible promotion, and a recycled packaging system. Except shoes and premium brand categories, typical fashion brands are actively participating in distinct green marketing practices and strategies.

PROFILING MARKET INFLUENCERS: COMPARIONS OF MARKET MAVEN, OPINION LEADERS, AND FASHION LEADERS

Heewon Sung,Eun Young Kim,Eun Joo Park 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

The more the marketplace become competitive, the more clear and distinct market segments the marketers need to identify. A minority of consumers takes important roles in the marketplace as market influencers or diffusers of information to others, for instance, market maven or opinion leaders. Market mavens tend to have overall market-related knowledge, while opinion leader and fashion leader possess product class-specific information. Fashion leaders are more likely to adopt a product at the early stage, but opinion leaders or market mavens are not necessary. Despite significant roles as reference groups, limited research has examined the differences in the essential traits of three influential groups. The purpose of this research is to examine and compare the differences of psychological attributes in market maven, opinion leaders, and fashion leaders with respect to consumer self-confidence, clothing involvement(INV), status consumption(STATUS), and price consciousness(PRICE). The instrument was modified based on the previous studies(Bearden, et al., 2001; Clark & Goldsmith, 2005; Feick& Price, 1987;Goldsmith, et al., 1991) and each item was measured by seven-point Liker type scales. A total of 857 data were collected through the internet survey method. About 50.3% of respondents were female, 39.2% were single, and age ranged from 20 to 59 years old. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the differences of the measurement in three influential groups, explaining 70.76% of variances. Consumer self-confidence was generated into five factors, information acquisition & consideration-set formation (IA&CF), personal outcomes(PO), social outcomes (SO), persuasion knowledge(PKN), and marketplace interfaces(MI). Cronbach's alpha was ranged between .78 and .93. In order to investigate the effects of psychological attributes on three influential groups, five factors of self-confidence (IA&CF, PO, SO, PKN, and MI), INV, STATUS, and PRICE were entered as the independent variables in the regression model respectively. In explaining market maven, IA&CF(β=.37) and SO(β=.35) showed the strong positive effects, and STATUS, PKN(-), MI(-), and PRICE were also significant in order (F=107, adj. R2=.498). Opinion leaders were significantly related with SO(β=.84), and PO, INV, and PRICE presented the minor effects(F=496.2, adj. R2=.822). SO(β=.38), STATUS(β=.37), INV(β=.34), and PKN were significant predictors for fashion leaders (F=289.3, adj. R2=.729). When analyzing the influence of market maven, opinion leader, and fashion leader on buying behaviors, market maven and fashion leaders were significantly, positively related with impulse buying behavior (F=69.28, adj. R2=.193), and overall satisfaction(F=38.21, adj. R2=.115). The implications were discussed.

기호학 관점으로 분석한 인터랙티브 아트와 관객의 관계

성정환(Sung, Junghwan),성희원(Sung, Heewon) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.14 No.4

디지털 기술의 발달과 함께 관객과의 능동적 상호작용에 기반한 다양한 인터랙티브 아트가 등장하고 있다. 기존 예술작품과 비교하였을 때, 관객과의 적극적인 관계맺음이 필요한 인터랙티브 아트는 인간의 몸틀이 갖는 이중적 속성을 담지하고 있다. 즉 인터랙티브 아트는 세계에 대한 지각의 대상이자 주체이며, 세계에 자신을 드러내는 표상이자 세계를 비추는 거울이고, 세계의 변화에 즉시적으로 대응할 수 있는 습관적 층위와 새로운 변화에 자신을 재 생성시키는 현실적 층위로 인해 구체적인 행동과 추상적인 행동을 할 수 있다. 이러한 인터랙티브 아트의 몸틀이 갖는 이중적 속성은 관객과의 다양한 관계맺음을 형성하는데 본 논문에서는 이를 1차적, 2차적, 그리고 3차적 관계로 구분하여 설명한다. 1차적 관계는 인터랙티브 아트와 관객과의 원활한 소통을 위해 명백하고 일의적인 관계를 의미하고, 2차적 관계는 작품의 표상을 관객의 주관적, 문화적 관점에 따라 다양하게 지각하는 관계를 의미한다. 그러나 인터랙티브 아트와 관객의 진정한 관계는 3차적 관계에 있으며, 이는 작품에서 드러내는 표상이 어떤 의미와도 단절된 상태로 관객에게 낯설게 다가올 때 발생되는 관계다. 인터랙티브 아트는 세계의 다양한 변화를 자신의 몸틀로 받아들이고 1차적, 2차적, 3차적 관계의 복합된 속성의 표상을 관객에게 지속적으로 전달함으로써 관객과의 능동적인 관계맺음을 유지할 수 있게 된다. Development of Digital technology has raised various interactive art with active relation with audience these days. Compared to other art forms, interactive art that requires interaction with audience has duality of body schema, which usually belongs to human being. Interactive art"s body schema is both subject and object of perception, both signifier to expose itself and mirror to reflect world, and reacts to worlds by instinct with its habitual process or responds to world changing to reorganize its body schema with new habitual process. These dual properties of interactive art causes various relations with audience, which we call these are 1st, 2nd, and 3rd relationship. 1st relationship between interactive art and audience is obvious and manifest relation for smooth communication. 2nd relationship is ambiguous and polysemous relation that audience could perceive art work based on his/her subjective and cultural viewpoint. When it comes to third relationship, all the previous meaning occurred in between art works and audience becomes eliminated to end up having meaninglessness, and audience could meet a strange beings when all the existent habits and meanings become dissipated in art work. Therefore, Interactive art could sustain and expand this interactive relationship with audience by perceiving endless change of world with its body schema, and by delivering representation that has 1st, 2nd, and 3rd relation to audience.

소셜커머스 시장에서 지각된 관계혜택이 재구매의도와 구전의도에 미치는 영향: 만족의 매개효과 및 시장 전문성의 차이

성희원 ( Heewon Sung ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2017 패션 비즈니스 Vol.21 No.2

The purposes of this study were to (a) identify dimensions of relational benefits in the social commerce market, (b) predict the effects of relational benefits on satisfaction, repurchase intention, and word of mouth (WOM) intention, (c) examine the mediating effects of satisfaction, and (d) compare the differences in the effects of relational benefits on satisfaction, repurchase intention, and WOM intention between the two groups of market mavenism. For collecting data, a self-administered questionnaire was undertaken by an online research agency. A total of 490 usable responses were obtained from consumers who have used social commerce sites. The sample included a slightly higher number of females (50.8%) than males and age was ranged from 20 years to 40 years. An exploratory factor analysis generated four factors of relational benefits such as confidence, convenience, special treatment, and information. Multiple regression models showed that confidence, convenience, and special treatment benefits were significant predictors of satisfaction and repurchase intention; the confidence and convenience benefits were significant for WOM intention. Satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between relational benefits and repurchase intention, and the relationship between relational benefits and WOM intention. The group with high level of market mavenism more highly perceived the relational benefits than the other groups. Confidence benefit had a significant effect on repurchase intention regardless of the level of market mavenism, while convenience benefit had a significant effect on repurchase intention in the non-market maven group. This study discussed the managerial implications for customer relationship management in the social commerce marketplace.

시장 전문성과 유행 선도력의 심리적 영향 요인 비교 연구

성희원 ( Heewon Sung ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2015 패션 비즈니스 Vol.19 No.5

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare effects of psychological factors on market mavenism and fashion leadership in order to determine the differences of two influential groups in the marketplace. The data were collected from 20’s-50’s consumers through an online survey institute and a total of 857 questionnaires were analyzed. Demographic variables (gender, age, and income level) were entered into the regression model 1 as independent variables, and 6 factors of consumer self-confidence, clothing involvement, status consumption, and price consciousness were entered into the regression model 2. In the regression model 1, gender (female) alone was significant in explaining market mavenism, while the income level had a positive relationship with fashion leadership. In the regression model 2, information acquisition, social outcome, persuasion knowledge among consumer self-confidence, and status consumption were significant predictors of market mavenism. On the other hand, personal outcome, social outcome, persuasion knowledge, clothing involvement, and status consumption had an effect on the fashion leadership. When comparing magnitudes of effects in predicting market mavenism and fashion leadership, social outcome and status consumption showed to have stronger impacts on fashion leadership than on market mavenism. Psychological factors showed to be more powerful in predicting market mavenism or fashion leadership, as compared to demographic variables.

패션산업의 ESG 활동 및 순환형 패션 비즈니스 현황 분석 - 2019-2021년도를 중심으로 -

성희원(Sung, Heewon),김혜린(Kim, Hye Rin) 한국디자인문화학회 2022 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.28 No.2

모바일 소셜커머스 앱의 충성의도와 전환의도에 따른 시장세분화 -지각된 서비스 품질과 전환장벽의 차이-

성희원 ( Heewon Sung ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ) 한국의류학회 2019 한국의류학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Mobile shopping has spread rapidly in the consumer's daily life, and numerous fashion companies have now launched a mobile shopping application. By focusing on mobile social commerce apps, this study was to: (a) segment consumers based on loyalty and switching intentions, (b) to test differences in perceived service quality and switching barrier factors among segments, and (c) examine the effects of perceived service quality and switching barriers on loyalty intention. A total of 550 responses were obtained from mobile users in their 20s to 40s who purchased fashion products through a social commerce app in the last six months. Consumers were classified into four clusters: split-loyals, latent loyals, habitual loyals, and switchers. The split-loyal group showed the highest level of mean scores on perceived service quality and switching barrier factors; however, the switcher group showed the lowest mean scores. Of service qualities, app design had a significant effect on loyalty intentions in both split-loyal and latent loyal groups; the factors of ease of use and privacy had significant effects on loyalty intentions in switchers. Of switching barrier factors, virtual relationship had the most strongly effect on loyalty intention for the four segments.

3D를 이용한 디자인 제작 시스템의 수용가능성 조사

성정환(Sung Junghwan),성희원(Sung Heewon) 한국디자인학회 2007 디자인학연구 Vol.20 No.4

가상현실(웹3D)을 이용한 인터넷 의류제품 쇼핑몰이 소비자 구매의사결정단계에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

성정환(Sung Junghwan),성희원(Sung Heewon) 한국디자인학회 2004 디자인학연구 Vol.17 No.4