Brain Topological Correlates of Motor Performance Changes After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Park, Chang-hyun,Chang, Won Hyuk,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Shin, Yong-Il,Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Yun-Hee Mary Ann Liebert 2014 Brain connectivity Vol.4 No.4

<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) influences the brain temporally beyond the stimulation period and spatially beyond the stimulation site. Application of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to lead to plastic changes in interregional connectivity over the motor system as well as alterations in motor performance. With a sequential combination of rTMS over the M1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought changes in the topology of brain networks and specifically the association of brain topological changes with motor performance changes. In a sham-controlled parallel group experimental design, real or sham rTMS was administered to each of the 15 healthy subjects without prior motor-related dysfunctions, over the right M1 at a high frequency of 10 Hz. Before and after the intervention, fMRI data were acquired during a sequential finger motor task using the left, nondominant hand. Changes in the topology of brain networks were assessed in terms of global and local efficiency, which measures the efficiency in transporting information at global and local scales, respectively, provided by graph-theoretical analysis. Greater motor performance changes toward improvements after real rTMS were shown in individuals who exhibited more increases in global efficiency and more decreases in local efficiency. The enhancement of motor performance after rTMS is supposed to be associated with brain topological changes, such that global information exchange is facilitated, while local information exchange is restricted.</P>

한방 이화주의 미백 및 피부 주름 개선 효과

이상진(Sang-Jin Lee),권이영(Yi-Young Kwon),조성원(Sung-Won Cho),권희숙(Hee-Suk Kwon),신우창(Woo-Chang Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구에서는 한방이화주의 피부 생리기능 활성을 알아보기 위해 70% EtOH 추출물의 피부 미백, 주름 개선 및 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. HEE은 tyrosinase 활성 억제 및 tyrosine을 기질로 melanin이 형성되는 pathway에 관여하는 주요한 인자인 TRP-1과 TRP-2를 저해하는 작용 기전을 통해 피부 색소침착의 주요 원인 물질인 melanin 생합성을 농도 의존적으로 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. HEE은 피부진피 내 피부 탄력을 유지하는 elastin을 분해하는 효소인 elastase의 활성을 저해하였고, 피부의 keratinocyte가 생성분비하는 MMP-2와 MMP-9의 단백질 발현과 proteolytic 활성을 억제하여 노화에 따른 피부 주름 생성 억제할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 세포 독성 없이 LPS에 의해 유도된 염증 반응을 50% 저해하는 HEE의 농도(IC50)는 24.9 μg/mL이며, 50 μg/mL 농도로 처리하였을 때 염증 반응 저해 효과가 70%로 높은 효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 HEE의 피부 미백, 주름 개선 및 항염증에 우수한 효과를 나타내고 있으므로 기능성 화장품의 주요한 소재로 이용 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다. Extrinsic skin aging is characterized by the loss of skin tone and resilience, irregular pigmentation, and deep wrinkles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ehwa Makgeolli containing oriental herbs (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Lycium chinense MILL., Morus alba L., and Saururus chinensis Baill) on skin whitening and wrinkling in human skin cells. We prepared Makgeolli extracts (HEE) with 70% ethanol. HEE significantly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity and reduced the cellular and secreted melanin content of mouse melanoma melanocytes (B16F1 cells). HEE down-regulated the protein expression of tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1/-2, a key player in melanogenesis. Treatment with HEE in human keratinoctyes (HaCaT cells) inhibited the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically reduced the expression of MMP-2/-9. In addition, HEE attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). These results indicate that HEE may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory effects.

알코올 및 인삼액이 효소활성도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

신경현,조만희,김창세 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study was investigated for the change of r-GTP, CPK activity and CPK-isoenzyme by alcohol and Ginseng administration, The normal white S.D rats were classified with four groups; ethanol treated was group A, ethanol pretreated group combined pretreated with Ginseng extract was group B, Ginseng extract treated was group C, and Ginseng extract treated group combined pretreated with ethanol was group D. The white rats of four groups were treated with 20%, 30%, 40% ethanol and/or 1% Ginseng extract. Then enzyme activities such as r-GTP, CPK and CPK-isoenzyme had been measared in serum, hepatic, and renal tissues. The sample was collected by 5 day intervalus for 25 days. The following results were obtained. 1. The changes of serum r-GTP activities were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in Ginseng-treated group. 2. The changes of hepatic r-GTP activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in Ginseng-treated group. 3. The changes of renal r-GTP activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group. 4. The changes of serum CPK activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group. 5. The changes of hepatic and renal tissue CPK activites were not significant. 6. The changes of serum and hepatic tissue CPK-isoengyme were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group combined pretreated with ethanol. 7. The changes of CPK-isoengyme, CPK 1 and CPK 2 were not significant.

요추 추간판탈출증 수술 후 임상 증상의 회복

신병준,김준범,조영훈,권희,서유성,김연일,나수균,최창욱 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Study Design : The authors retrospectively analysed the recovery of clinical symptoms after surgical treatment of lumbar HIVD. Objectives : To investigate the incidence of clinical symptoms, the recovery rate and time after surgical treatment and the difference between L4-5 and L5-S1 lesion. Summary of Literature Review : There are many reports concerning the clinical result of surgical treatment for the HIVD. They usually describe the result as excellent, good, fair and poor. We can't get any information about the recovery rate and recovery time of each clinical symptom from the reports. Materials and Methods : Thirty-eight patients were treated by one level open discectomy from march 1991 to december 1995. The clinical symptoms and signs including SLR, motor deficit, sensory deficit, change of DTR and severity of radiating pain were periodically followed up on the predesigned protocol, Results : In preoperative examination, SLR was positive in 82%, motor deficit in 76%, sensory deficit in 74%, DTR change in 50%, and radiating pain in 100%. The recovery rate of SLR was 96.8%, motor deficit ; 93.6%, sensory deficit ; 78.6%, DTR change ; 21 % and radiating pain ; 84.2%. The average recovery time of SLR was 3.4 months, motor deficit ; 1.9 months, sensory deficit ; 5.3 months, DTR change ; 4.1 months and radiating pain ; 3.2 months. Motor and sensory deficit was more frequent in L4-5 lesion but DTR change was usually noted in L5-S] lesion. The recovery rate and time showed no great difference between the two level. Conclusions : The recovery rate was higher in SLR, motor deficit and radiating pain rather than sensory deficit and DTR change. The recovery time was fastest in radiating pain but variable nature was noted in sensory deficit. Above results may be helpful to explain the prognosis of the lumbar HIVD.

핀테크 발전에 따른 무역결제방식의 변화와 법적 논의사항

신창섭(Chang-Sop SHIN),김희준(Hee-Jun KIM) 한국무역상무학회 2020 貿易商務硏究 Vol.87 No.-

핀테크(Financial technology: FinTechs) 산업의 발전으로 국내에서 대금을 결제하는 방식은 급격한 패러다임의 전환에 직면하고 있다. 국내법적으로는 급격한 기술의 발전이 가져다주는 결제환경의 변화를 성공적으로 수용해오고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 비교적 신속한 법적 대응이 가능했던 이유는 급속한 결제방식의 변화가 대한민국이라는 국경 내에서 이루어졌기 때문이다. 국경을 넘나드는 무역거래에서 대금결제와 관련한 법적인 논의는 한층 어렵다. 한 국가 내에서 관련 법률을 제 · 개정하는 것으로 문제가 해결되지 않기 때문이다. 경우에 따라서는 통일된 규칙의 제정까지가 수반되어야 하며, 이 경우 각기 다른 법체계를 지니고 있는 국가 간 협의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 핀테크 발전으로 기대되는 효과를 계약의 체결, 대금결제, 환어음의 매입으로 나누어 살펴보았고 이들이 동일한 무역대금 결제플랫폼 내에서 이루어질 경우, 각 단계에서 이루어져야할 법적 논의사항들을 선제적으로 제시해보았다. 물론 모든 상황은 가변적이다. 핀테크 발전이 무역대금결제를 어떠한 모습으로 바꾸어 놓을지 어느 누구도 확실히 예측할 수는 없다. 하지만 복잡하게 얽혀있는 참여주체들의 이해관계를 조정하고 새로이 구축된 플랫폼 위에서 무역절차가 수행될 수 있도록 국제적으로 협력해 가는 일은 어느 때 보다 중요해졌다. 또한 법 · 제도적 미비로 인하여 핀테크의 상용화를 저해하는 경우를 사전에 방지할 필요가 있다. 거래단계에 따라서 기존 법률을 수정, 보완하는 것이 효율적인 경우가 있을 것이다. 또한 특별법을 별도로 제정하거나 협약 등을 통해 법적인 불확실성을 벗어나는 것이 바람직할 수도 있다. 어떠한 선택을 할 것인지는 거래단계가 지닌 특성에 따라 각기 다를 것이다. 본 연구를 통한 논의의 결과물이 새로운 플랫폼 구축 및 활성화에 도움이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 더 나아가 지급결제의 안정성 확보에 일조할 수 있기를 기대한다. The way payments are made in trade is also facing a paradigm shift. The development of the fintech industry will change trade payment practices based on the speed of the financial sector. Despite the high interest in the development of fintech technology, no one can be sure what the actual payment will be like. Even though high interest is focused on the development of fintech, no one can be sure what the actual payment will look like. The digitization of trade has been attempted several times so far, but as a result, it is difficult to assume that the trading practices of most trade participants have changed. If the innovative trade payment platform that successfully replaces existing trade payment practices is successfully built and commercialized, the aftermath can be revolutionary. It is expected that the convenience of participants in trade transactions will be greatly improved due to the rapid transaction, and the costs incurred in trade transactions can be reduced. We are now experiencing innovations such as simple payments and convenience brought by such innovations in the field of domestic payments. It can be predicted that the paradigm shift will come “very abruptly” when it comes to trade payments, just as domestic payments practices have changed dramatically. One concern with the trade settlement platform currently being promoted by various organizations is the lack of legal stability in trade settlement. Cross-border transactions require cross-border cooperation, as different legislation across countries will act as a deterrent. In this study, The authors intend to proactively review legal issues that may arise when an innovative trade payment platform is established according to the development of fintech.

Gene flow of GM pepper

Sun-Hee Shin,Min Jung,Jung-Mi Park,Eun-Mi Jeon,Chang-Gi Kim,Chee-Hark Harn 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

CMVP1 (cucumber mosaic virus pathotype 1) has been frequently occurring virus causing damage in pepper farms, and it is hard to control the outbreak due to lack of the genetic source resistant to this specific pathotype. Therefore, we have developed transgenic peppers tolerant of CMVP1 using a CP gene of CMVP0 pathogen. In order to fulfill the requirement of the biosafety assessment criteria, we have studied the horizontal gene flow from GM pepper to non-GM pepper by monitoring the transgene movement. If the pepper farms are located closely each other and the pollen moves from GM pepper to non-GM pepper, it would cause unintended fertilization. Therefore, a buffer zone to separate the cultivation regions is required to avoid the contamination of transgene. Previously, several data regarding the movement distance of pepper pollen were reported by judging the phenotypic change. However, no tool as a trace marker was available. The objective of this study was to assess the frequencies of gene flow from GM peppers to non-GM peppers in neighboring farms using the transgene of CP as a trace marker. The GM and non-GM peppers were cultivated in the isolated farm of Nongwoo Bio Co. (NW GM pepper field) and pepper fruits were collected from the NW GM pepper field as well as the neighboring pepper farms. The pepper seeds collected from the farms were planted and the massive PCR analysis was performed to answer the question how far the pollen of GM pepper migrates. The conclusive data based on the consecutive experiments for 6 years is that the gene flow by pollen movement did not occur in peppers that were separated each other over 30 m.

Age-Associated Changes in the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Mice

Yoon, Hye Eun,Kim, Eun Nim,Kim, Min Young,Lim, Ji Hee,Jang, In-Ae,Ban, Tae Hyun,Shin, Seok Joon,Park, Cheol Whee,Chang, Yoon Sik,Choi, Bum Soon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2016 No.-

<P><I>Background</I>. This study evaluated whether the change in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with arterial aging in mice.<I> Methods</I>. Histologic changes and expressions of transforming growth factor-<I>β</I> (TGF-<I>β</I>), collagen IV,<I> fibronectin</I>, angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), prorenin receptor (PRR), Mas receptor (MasR), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase 2 and oxidase 4 (Nox2 and Nox4), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),<I> 3-nitrotyrosine</I>, and superoxide dismutase 1 and dismutase 2 (SOD1 and SOD2) were measured in the thoracic aortas from 2-month-old, 12-month-old, and 24-month-old C57/BL6 mice.<I> Results</I>. Twenty-four-month-old mice showed significantly increased aortic media thickness and expressions of TGF-<I>β</I>, collagen IV, and fibronectin, compared to 2-month-old and 12-month-old mice. The expressions of PRR, ACE, and Ang II, and AT1R-positive area significantly increased, whereas expressions of ACE2 and MasR and AT2R-positive area decreased with age. The expressions of phosphorylated serine<SUP>1177</SUP>-eNOS, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased, and the 8-OHdG-positive area and the 3-nitrotyrosine-positive area increased with age. The expression of Nox2 significantly increased with age, but that of Nox4 did not change.<I> Conclusions</I>. The enhanced PRR-ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis and reduced ACE2-MasR axis were associated with arterial aging in mice. </P>

고관절 전치환술에서 하지 길이의 변화(수술전 예상 측정치와 수술후 실제 측정치 사이의 차이에 대하여)

원중희 ( Choong Hee Won ),장관환 ( Kwan Whan Chang ),신건 ( Geon Shin ),전경철 ( Kyung Chul Jeon ) 대한고관절학회 1994 Hip and Pelvis Vol.6 No.2

We reviewed 40 cases of cementless primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to see the leg length changes after THA and analysed the factors that could affect the discrepancies of preoperative estimation and postoperative measurement. The cases with severe preoperative leg length discrepancy such as untreated CDH were not included in our series. Inserted femoral components were CLS(Protek) or Omnifit(Osteonics) stems. All the acetabular cups were HG g (Zimmer) cups. Preoperatively the acetabular template was mounted on the film and the center of the acetabular cup was marked with pencil. Femoral template was also mounted on the femoral side and the center of the femoral head was marked. The distaoce between the two centers was a basis for preoperative estimation. Postoperatively the leg length change was measured by the change of the distance from interteardrop line to the greater trochanter tip. Leg length change estimated by preoperative templating was 5mm lengthening in average. Postoperative leg length change was 10mm lengthening in average. The discrepancies of pre and postoperative measurement were attributed to following factors. Standardization of taking the X-ray views was an important factor. Magnification, center of X-ray beam and the accurate position of the hip should be considered in taking preoperative X-rays. Templating technique was another factor. Postoperative acetabular center shifted frequently compared with preoperative estimation. Templating does not always tell accurate postoperative leg length change. To minimize the discrepancy of pre and postoperative measurement above factors should be considered in preoperative estimation.

The Peculiar Response of DNA Hydrogel Fibers to a Salt and pH Stimulus

Lee, Sun Hee,Lee, Chang Kee,Shin, Su Ryon,Kim, Sun I.,So, Insuk,Kim, Seon Jeong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.30 No.6

<P>DNA hydrogels which are composed of an entangled network without a crosslinker are synthesized and examined in regards to their sensitivity to salt and pH changes. The DNA hydrogel fibers only exhibited a marked response – that is a fast and large change in length – under biological conditions ([Na<SUP>+</SUP>] = 0.15 M at pH = 7) and are therefore suitable materials for bio-inspired devices.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-6-MARC200800677-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-6-MARC200800677-gra001'> </P>

알코홀이 r-GTP 활성에 미치는 인삼의 영향

이상한,조만희,신경현,김창세 순천향대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.12 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effects on the changes of the r-glutamyl transpeptidase activity of ethanol-administered white rats. There was classified into group; ethanol treated group(group A), ethanol treated group which was pretreated with ginseng extract(group B), ginseng extract treated group(group C), and ginseng extract treated group which was pretreated with ethanol(group D). White rats of four groups were treated with combined 1% ginseng extract and / or 20% ethanol for 30 days, and were measured the changes of r-GTP activity on the serum, hepatic and renal tissue sample collected at 5 days interval. Following results have been obtained. 1. The changes of serum r-GTP activity were significantly decreased in ethanol treated group B which was pretreated with ginseng extract than in ethanol treated group A. The values were highly significant at the 20th day of feeding. 2. The changes of hepatic r-GTP activity were more increased in group A and decreased in group D. The values were found significantly lowest in 10th and highest in 5th days. 3. The changes of renal r-GTP activity were more increased in group A and decreased in group D. The values were significantly highest in 10th and lowest in 20th days. Based on these results it was found that the changes of r-GTP activity between serum and hepato-renal tissue were exist and the protective action of ginseng against alcohol degradative effects was noted.