VP2 capsid domain of the H-1 parvovirus determines susceptibility of human cancer cells to H-1 viral infection

Cho, I-R,Kaowinn, S,Song, J,Kim, S,Koh, S S,Kang, H-Y,Ha, N-C,Lee, K H,Jun, H-S,Chung, Y-H Nature America, Inc. 2015 Cancer gene therapy Vol.22 No.5

Although H-1 parvovirus is used as an antitumor agent, not much is known about the relationship between its specific tropism and oncolytic activity. We hypothesize that VP2, a major capsid protein of H-1 virus, determines H-1-specific tropism. To assess this, we constructed chimeric H-1 viruses expressing Kilham rat virus (KRV) capsid proteins, in their complete or partial forms. Chimeric H-1 viruses (CH1, CH2 and CH3) containing the whole KRV VP2 domain could not induce cytolysis in HeLa, A549 and Panc-1 cells. However, the other chimeric H-1 viruses (CH4 and CH5) expressing a partial KRV VP2 domain induced cytolysis. Additionally, the significant cytopathic effect caused by CH4 and CH5 infection in HeLa cells resulted from preferential viral amplification via DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis. Modeling of VP2 capsid protein showed that two variable regions (VRs) (VR0 and VR2) of H-1 VP2 protein protrude outward, because of the insertion of extra amino-acid residues, as compared with those of KRV VP2 protein. This might explain the precedence of H-1 VP2 protein over KRV in determining oncolytic activity in human cancer cells. Taking these results together, we propose that the VP2 protein of oncolytic H-1 parvovirus determines its specific tropism in human cancer cells.

질소 시비량이 정예피의 생육특성 , 수량 , 및 조성분 함량에 미치는 영향

조남기,강영길,조영일,부창훈 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.2

A native cultivar of Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight) was grown with N rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ㎏/㏊ from 31 May to 6 September in 1999 to determine the optimum N rate for forage production in a volcanic ash soil of Jeju island. Half of N fertilizer rate was applied at planting and half at 60 days after planting. Days to heading increased from 84 to 90 days as nitrogen rate increased from 0 to 250㎏/㏊. Plant height increased from 144 to 183 cm with increasing nitrogen rate. However, there was no significant difference between 200 and 250 ㎏ N/㏊ for the two characteristics. Increasing N rate from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊ increased dry matter (DM) yield from 6.76 to 12.67 MT/㏊, crude protein yield from 0.47 to 1.21 MT/㏊, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.46 to 7.18 MT/㏊. However, no significant differences in these yields were found between 200 and 250 ㎏ N/㏊. Nitrogen uptake increased from 75.1 to 194.2 ㎏/㏊ but N use efficiency decreased from 90.0 to 65.2 ㎏ DM/㎏ N with increasing N from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊. As N rate increased from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊, CP and TDN contents increased from 6.9 to 9.6% and from 51.3 to 56.7%. respectively. while crude fiber content decreased from 39.5 to 35.9%. Ether extract and nitrogen free extract contents increased up to 200 ㎏ N/㏊ and then did not significantly increase with the further increase in N rate. Crude ash content decreased up to 200 ㎏ N/㏊ and then did not significantly decrease with the further increase in N rate. Based on the these findings, the optimum N rate for forage production of Japanese millet seems to be about 200 ㎏/㏊ in volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.

질소분시가 청예피의 생육특성 , 수량 및 조성분 함량에 미치는 영향

조남기,강영길,부창훈 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.2

This study was conducted at a volcanic ash soil of Jeju island in 1999 to determine the optimum frequency of split N application for forage production of Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight]. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with 200 ㎏ N/㏊, and frequencies of the split applications were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times. A Jeju native cultivar of Japanese millet was planted at a rate of 30 ㎏ seed/㏊ on 31 May, and harvested on 6 September. Days to heading increased from 84 to 88 days as N was split-applied from one to five applications. Plant height increased from 152 to 188 cm as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 156 cm in five applications. This pattern held for leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter which were greatest in three applications with 42.4, 2.6, and 0.67 ㎝, respectively. Green leaf number was 10 regardless of the treatments. Dry matter (DM) yield increased from 6.96 to 11.99 MT/㏊, crude protein (CP) yield from 0.47 to 0.89 MT/ha, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.80 to 6.81 MT/㏊ as N was split-applied from one to three applications, and then decreased to 7.51, 0.63 and 4.43 MT/ha, respectively, in five split applications. Nitrogen uptake increased from 75.1 to 142.9 ㎏/㏊ as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 101.3 ㎏/㏊ in five split applications. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 92.8 to 74.1 ㎏ DM/㎏ N with increasing split N application. Crude protein content increased from 6.7 to 8.4%, ether extract content from 5.7 to 6.1%, nitrogen free extract content from 30.7 to 34.7%, and TDN content from 48.0 to 53.0%, but crude ash content decreased from 10.2 to 8.0% and crude fiber from 38.9 to 35.5% as N was split-applied from one to five applications. These results indicate that the optimum frequency of split N applications is three times for forage production of Japanese millet in volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.

Antiviral phenolics from the leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus

Ha, T.K.Q.,Dao, T.T.,Nguyen, N.H.,Kim, J.,Kim, E.,Cho, T.Oh.,Oh, W.K. Elsevier 2016 Fitoterapia Vol.110 No.-

<P>During the screening program for anti-influenza agents from medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus leaves was found to exhibit potential neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activity. Bioassay directed fractionation led to the isolation of two new acetophenones (1 and 2) and one new flavanone (3), along with six known compounds (4-9). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods and through comparison with the previous literature. Compounds 6 and 8 exhibited strong enzymatic inhibition on various neuraminidases from different influenza viruses, including H1N1, H9N2, novel H1N1, and oseltamivir-resistant novel H1N1 (H274Y mutation) expressed in HEM293 cells (IC50 values ranging from 5.07 +/- 0.94 mu M to 9.34 +/- 2.52 mu M, respectively). Kinetic experiments revealed the non-competitive inhibitory mode of both compounds 6 and 8. Furthermore, these flavonoids reduced the cytopathic effect of the H1N1 virus in MDCK cells. The present study suggests the potential of two flavonoids (6 and 8) as new lead compounds for the development of novel NA inhibitors in the future. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Attenuation of oxidative neuronal cell death by coffee phenolic phytochemicals

Cho, E.S.,Jang, Y.J.,Hwang, M.K.,Kang, N.J.,Lee, K.W.,Lee, H.J. Elsevier 2009 Mutation research Vol.661 No.1

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are strongly associated with oxidative stress, which is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>). Recent studies suggest that moderate coffee consumption may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid; CGA), a major phenolic phytochemical found in instant decaffeinated coffee (IDC), and IDC against oxidative PC12 neuronal cell death. IDC (1 and 5μg/ml) or CGA (1 and 5μM) attenuated H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced PC12 cell death. H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation were strongly inhibited by pretreatment with IDC or CGA. Pretreatment with IDC or CGA also inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and downregulation of Bcl-X<SUB>L</SUB> and caspase-3. The accumulation of intracellular ROS in H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-treated PC12 cells was dose-dependently diminished by IDC or CGA. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in PC12 cells was also inhibited by IDC or CGA. Collectively, these results indicate that IDC and CGA protect PC12 cells from H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced apoptosis by blocking the accumulation of intracellular ROS and the activation of MAPKs.

The Tat-conjugated N-terminal region of mucin antigen 1 (MUC1) induces protective immunity against MUC1-expressing tumours

Yang, H.,Cho, N.-H.,Seong, S.-Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical and experimental immunology Vol.158 No.2

<P>Summary</P><P>Mucin antigen 1 (MUC1) is overexpressed on various human adenocarcinomas and haematological malignancies and has long been used as a target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. Most of the preclinical and clinical studies using MUC1 have used the tandem repeat region of MUC1, which could be presented by only a limited set of major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. Here, we evaluated N-terminal region (2–147 amino acids) of MUC1 (MUC1-<I>N</I>) for dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy. We used <I>Esherichia coli</I>-derived MUC1-<I>N</I> that was fused to the protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein for three reasons. First, mature DCs do not phagocytose soluble protein antigens. Secondly, tumour cells express underglycosylated MUC1, which can generate epitopes repertoire that differs from normal cells, which express hyperglycosylated MUC1. Finally, aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 has been known to impair DC function. In our study, Tat-MUC1-<I>N</I>-loaded DCs induced type 1 T cell responses as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently. Furthermore, they could break tolerance in the transgenic breast tumour mouse model, where MUC1-positive breast cancers grow spontaneously. Compared with DCs pulsed with unconjugated MUC1-<I>N</I>, DCs loaded with Tat-conjugated MUC1-<I>N</I> could delay tumour growth more effectively in the transgenic tumour model as well as in the tumour injection model. These results suggest that the recombinant N-terminal part of MUC1, which may provide a diverse epitope repertoire, could be utilized as an effective tumour antigen for DC-based cancer immunotherapy.</P>

2종 잠열 축열재를 사용하는 축열장치의 열저장성능

이건행(G.H. Lee),김준근(J.K. Kim),조남철(N.C. Cho),오수철(S.C. Ohu),임장순(C.S. Yim) 한국태양에너지학회 1994 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 효율적인 열저장 방법으로 주목받고 있는 잠열이용형 축열장치에 2종 축열재 (C_(28)H_(58), Na₄P₂O_7ㆍ10H₂O)의 질량비 (M*)를 각각 0.5, 1.0, 2.0으로 하여 장입한 후 작동유체의 유량 및 온도, 상변화물질의 초기온도를 변화시켰을 경우 사간경과에 따른 상변화물질의 온도분포와 축열량 및 방열량을 비교, 검토하였다.<br/> 열전도율이 큰 피로인산나트륨의 온도분포는 축열초기에 급격히 상승하는 반면, 피로인산나트륨보다 열전도율이 작고 자연대류 열전달이 지배적인 파라핀의 온도분포는 상대적으로 서서히 증가하였고 2종 축열재 중에서 파라핀의 질량이 많을수록 축열량이 크게 나타났다. 그러나 이후 용융이 진행됨에 따라 용융체적이 증가하므로 액상 피로인산나트륨의 열전도율이 액상 파라핀의 열전도율보다 크기 때문에 피로인산나트륨의 질량이 많을수록 축열량이 크게 나타나 질량비 0.5인 경우의 총 축열량은 94 Kcal/㎏으로 질량비가 1.0, 2.0인 경우보다 각각 약 3.3%, 5.6% 정도 크게 나타났다.<br/> 방열 과정에서는 액상 피로인산나트륨의 열전도율이 액상 파라핀의 열전도율보다 약 3배 정도 크기 때문에 피로인산나트륨의 질량이 가장 많은 질량비 0.5인 경우의 방열량이 질량비 1.0, 2.0인 경우보다 크게 나타났다. A new concept of heat storage system using latent heat was proposed for improving the effectiveness of the heat storage. Two kinds of phase change materials (C_(28)H_(58), Na₄P₂O_7ㆍ10H₂O) were inserted into the tubes of the system in order to calculate and, hence, to analyze the mass ratio, temperature distribution, heat recovery quantity and heat release quantity with respect to the flow rate and temperature of the working fluids and initial temperature of PCM.<br/> At early heating process, the temperature distribution of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O rapidly increases, while that of C_(28)H_(58) slowly increases due to lower thermal conductivity and melting points. However, in proceeding of melting process, total heat storage quantity of the case of 0.5-mass ratio is shown to be superior to 1.0, 2.0 mass-ratio by 3.3%, 5.6%, respectively.<br/> In proceeding of melting process, heat transfer rate rapidly increases proportional to mass of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O This is due to that the thermal conductivity of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O is larger than that of C_(28)H_(58) in liquid state. In cooling process, the case of 0.5-mass ratio was superior to any other cases in terms of freezing heat transfer rate. This aspect arises from that the thermal condutivity of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O in liquid state was lager than that of C_(28)H_(58) by three times.

WO₃ nanofibers functionalized by protein-templated RuO₂ nanoparticles as highly sensitive exhaled breath gas sensing layers

Kim, K.H.,Kim, S.J.,Cho, H.J.,Kim, N.H.,Jang, J.S.,Choi, S.J.,Kim, I.D. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.241 No.-

<P>In this work, a novel catalytic synthesis and functionalization method using apoferritin is used to fabricate RuO2 nanoparticles (NPs) loaded WO3 nanofibers (NFs) for potential diagnosis of diabetes. Catalytic ruthenium (Ru) NPs with very small average diameters of 1.8 +/- 0.9 nm were synthesized using apoferritin which is a hollow protein cage, and were easily functionalized on WO3 NFs by introducing electrospinning solution with W precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). As-spun Ru NPs-loaded W precursor/PVP composite NFs were calcined at 600 degrees C for 1 h in air atmosphere to achieve RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs. The small size and uniform distribution of catalytic RuO2 NPs were well maintained due to hollow nature of apoferritin cages after calcination. The chemo-resistive sensors using RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs showed significantly enhanced acetone (CH3COCH3) sensing response (R-air/R-gas = 78.61-5 ppm), which was 7.4 times higher than the response (R-air/R-gas =10.61-5 ppm) of pristine WO3 NFs at highly humid atmosphere (95% RH). In addition, the RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs showed outstanding selectivity toward acetone gas in comparison with other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), toluene (C6H5CH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), pentane (C5H12), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H-2), and water vapor (H2O) at 5 ppm. These results represent potential feasibility for the detection of acetone in exhaled breath for diagnosis of diabetes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Effect of the Length of Feed Withdrawal on Weight Loss, Yield and Meat Color of Broiler

Kim, D.H.,Yoo, Y.M.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, B.G.,Park, B.Y.,Cho, S.H.,Seong, P.N.,Hah, K.H.,Lee, J.M.,Kim, Y.K.,Hwang, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.1

The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.

말라리아박멸을 위한 조사연구 : 1. 말라리아 유행지역 주민의 항체보유율 변화 1. The study for the malaria eradication 1. The seasonal changes of antibodies of inhabitants lived in malaria epidemic areas

김동수,이형우,조신형,인태숙,이혜정,이욱교,김남렬,신민철,문승욱,임현정,고승연,이종수 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-