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Effects of insulin glulisine as mono- or add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kawamori, R.,Iwamoto, Y.,Kadowaki, T.,Iwasaki, M.,Kim, S.-W.,Woo, J.-T.,Baik, S.-H.,Yoon, K.-H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.11 No.9
<P>Aim</P><P>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin glulisine (glulisine) with and without oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD; sulphonylurea or sulphonylurea + biguanide) relative to that of OAD alone in Japanese and Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</P><P>Methods</P><P>In an open, randomized, parallel-group, comparative, controlled trial, 387 patients were randomized and treated with glulisine + OAD (n = 130), glulisine monotherapy (n = 127) or OAD only (n = 130) for 16 weeks. Glulisine was self-injected subcutaneously three times daily (0–15 minutes before meals) at a starting dose of ≥0.2 U/kg/day. Patients titrated the glulisine dose to achieve a 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PPG) level of 7.1–9.5 mmol/l (128–172 mg/dl) by administering at least one additional unit at each appropriate meal time if the 2h-PPG level was > 9.5 and < 11.1 mmol/l (> 172 and < 200 mg/dl) and by administering at least two additional units if the 2h-PPG level was ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (≥ 200 mg/dl). Therapy with OAD was continued at the stable baseline regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in haemoglobin A<SUB>1c</SUB> (HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>) from baseline to endpoint in the intention-to-treat population.</P><P>Results</P><P>At baseline, therapy with OAD was a sulphonylurea only and a sulphonylurea + a biguanide in approximately 24 and 76% of patients respectively. Both glulisine groups had larger reductions in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> than the OAD-only group (glulisine + OAD, −2.07%; glulisine monotherapy, −1.25%; OAD only, −0.61%). Superiority of glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy vs. OAD only was shown by differences in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> change from baseline values of −1.46% (p < 0.0001) and −0.64% (p < 0.0001) respectively. Both glulisine groups had better 2h-PPG control than the OAD-only group. Mean daily glulisine doses increased from baseline to endpoint (glulisine + OAD, 13.3–22.5 U; glulisine monotherapy, 14.2–38.0 U). The rate of all symptomatic hypoglycaemia events per patient-year in the entire treatment phase was 11.9 in the glulisine + OAD group, 8.8 in the glulisine monotherapy group and 1.7 in the OAD-only group. There was only one event of severe hypoglycaemia, which occurred in the glulisine + OAD group. Efficacy and safety were similar in Japanese and Korean subpopulations.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Both glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy were well tolerated and effective for Japanese and Korean patients with T2DM mellitus inadequately controlled by OAD therapy alone.</P>
S. H. R. Hosseini,S. Iwasaki,T. Sakugawa,H. Akiyama 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
The paper reports on production and focusing of micro-underwater shock waves for medical applications. Shock wave focusing has various scientific, industrial and medical applications. For precise shock wave therapies near sensitive organs, such as cranioplasty in the close vicinity of the brain, a micro-shock wave source is required. A half-ellipsoidal cavity with 20.0 mm minor diameter and the ratio of major to minor diameters of 1.41 was designed and constructed as an extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) source. Underwater shock waves were generated by electric discharge produced by a magnetic pulse compression circuit (MPC) and an electrode. Input voltage and input current were measured by using an oscilloscope and a current monitor. The whole sequences of the shock wave generation, propagation, and focusing were observed by time-resolved high speed shadowgraph visualization method. Pressure histories were measured at different stand-off distances by using a PVDF needle and a fiber optic probe hydrophones. A wide range of peak overpressures from 10 to 200 MPa at the focus was obtained, and small focal zone and focal energy flux density were measured. It is concluded that the present compact extracorporeal shock wave generator has appropriate characteristics for application in precise and sensitive medical procedures.
Search for strange tribaryons in the He4(K<i>stop</i>−,n<sup>π±</sup>) reaction
Yim, H.,Bhang, H.,Chiba, J.,Choi, Seonho,Fukuda, Y.,Hanaki, T.,Hayano, R.S.,Iio, M.,Ishikawa, T.,Ishimoto, S.,Ishiwatari, T.,Itahashi, K.,Iwai, M.,Iwasaki, M.,Kienle, P.,Kim, J.H.,Matsuda, Y.,Ohnishi, Elsevier 2010 Physics letters: B Vol.688 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We have recently reported on an indication of the strange tribaryon state, S<SUP>+</SUP>, with a mass M∼3140 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP> and width Γ<23 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>, in the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectrum of the He4(K<I>stop</I>−,n<SUP>π±</SUP>) reaction of the KEK-PS E471 experiment in a search for the deeply bound narrow <SUP>K−</SUP>ppn (total isospin T=0) state. In an attempt to confirm the state and search for other possible T=0, 1 tribaryonic states, we have re-measured the neutron energy spectrum of the same reaction in the KEK-PS E549 experiment with an upgraded setup for which the TOF resolution was improved 1.5 times and the statistics was increased 6 times. However, in the neutron spectra, we find such a smooth distribution that we conclude the state is either not so strong to stick out of the inclusive background or too broad to be identified as a distinct peak. We estimated the upper limits of the formation probability of the possible tribaryonic state for three widths, 0, 20, and 40 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>. The obtained upper limit (95% CL) for a state as narrow as 20 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP> is at most 1% per stopped kaon over the wide mass range of 3000–3200 MeV/<I>c</I><SUP>2</SUP>, while it reaches to 4∼5% at around 3140 MeV/<I>c</I><SUP>2</SUP> for Γ⩾40 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>, implying the possible existence of unknown processes including tribaryonic formation.</P>
Improved measurement of the electroweak penguin processB→Xsℓ+ℓ−
Iwasaki, M.,Itoh, K.,Aihara, H.,Abe, K.,Abe, K.,Adachi, I.,Asano, Y.,Aushev, T.,Bahinipati, S.,Bakich, A. M.,Banerjee, S.,Bedny, I.,Bitenc, U.,Bizjak, I.,Blyth, S.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, M American Physical Society 2005 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.72 No.9
SEARCH FOR STRANGE TRIBARYON STATES IN THE 4He(STOPPED K-, p) REACTION
SATO, M.,BHANG, H.,CHIBA, J.,CHOI, SEONHO,FUKUDA, Y.,HANAKI, T.,HAYANO, R. S.,IIO, M.,ISHIKAWA, T.,ISHIMOTO, S.,ISHIWATARI, T.,ITAHASHI, K.,IWAI, M.,IWASAKI, M.,KIENLE, P.,KIM, J. H.,MATSUDA, Y.,OHNIS World Scientific 2009 International Journal of Modern Physics A Vol.24 No.2
<P> We have measured a proton energy from the stopped K<SUP>-</SUP> reaction on <SUP>4</SUP> He to search for strange tribaryon states at KEK 12 GeV PS. No statistically significant signal was observed in the missing mass spectrum obtained by the inclusive <SUP>4</SUP> He ( stopped K<SUP>-</SUP>, p) measurement. Upper limits of the formation branching ratio at the 95 % C.L. were derived for neutral tribaryon states with strangeness -1 to be (0.4 ~ 6) × 10<SUP>-4</SUP>, (0.2 ~ 6) × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> and (0.06 ~ 5) × 10<SUP>-2</SUP>/(stopped K<SUP>-</SUP>) for assumed natural widths of 0, 20 and 40 MeV /c<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. </P>