VP2 capsid domain of the H-1 parvovirus determines susceptibility of human cancer cells to H-1 viral infection

Cho, I-R,Kaowinn, S,Song, J,Kim, S,Koh, S S,Kang, H-Y,Ha, N-C,Lee, K H,Jun, H-S,Chung, Y-H Nature America, Inc. 2015 Cancer gene therapy Vol.22 No.5

Although H-1 parvovirus is used as an antitumor agent, not much is known about the relationship between its specific tropism and oncolytic activity. We hypothesize that VP2, a major capsid protein of H-1 virus, determines H-1-specific tropism. To assess this, we constructed chimeric H-1 viruses expressing Kilham rat virus (KRV) capsid proteins, in their complete or partial forms. Chimeric H-1 viruses (CH1, CH2 and CH3) containing the whole KRV VP2 domain could not induce cytolysis in HeLa, A549 and Panc-1 cells. However, the other chimeric H-1 viruses (CH4 and CH5) expressing a partial KRV VP2 domain induced cytolysis. Additionally, the significant cytopathic effect caused by CH4 and CH5 infection in HeLa cells resulted from preferential viral amplification via DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis. Modeling of VP2 capsid protein showed that two variable regions (VRs) (VR0 and VR2) of H-1 VP2 protein protrude outward, because of the insertion of extra amino-acid residues, as compared with those of KRV VP2 protein. This might explain the precedence of H-1 VP2 protein over KRV in determining oncolytic activity in human cancer cells. Taking these results together, we propose that the VP2 protein of oncolytic H-1 parvovirus determines its specific tropism in human cancer cells.

돼지 H-FABP 유전자의 다형성 및 경제 형질과의 연관성 구명

최봉환,김태헌,이지웅,조용민,이혜영,조병욱,정일정 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

The purpose of this study was to detect association between genetic variation and economic trait in the porcine heart type fatty acid-binding protein gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with growth and meat quality in pigs. The H-FABP is a 15-kDa protein expressed in several tissues with high demand for fat metabolism such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and lactating mammary gland. H-FABP is small intracellular protein involved in fatty acid transport from the plasma membrane to the site of β-oxidation and/or triacylglycerol or phospholipid synthesis. In this study, H-FABP PCR-RFLP was performed in F_(2) population composed of 214 individuals form an intercross between Korean Native Boars and Landrace sows. PCR products form tow primer sets within H-FABP gene were amplified in 850bp and 700bp. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction digestion enzymes HaeⅢ and Hinf Ⅰ, revealed fragment length polymorphisms(RFL. Ps). The genotype frequencies from H-FABP/HaeⅢ was .29 for genotype DD, .53 for genotype Dd, and .15 for genotype dd, respectively. The genotype frequencies of HH, Hh, and hh from H-FABP(hinf Ⅰ was .38, .41, and .20, respectively, in the population.Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were estimated. In H-FABP/HaeⅢ locus, there were specific genotypes(Dd and dd) associated with economic traits such as body weight. In H-FABP/Hinf Ⅰ Iocus, Genotypes of HH and Hh associated with growth traits such as body weights at 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p<.05 or p<.001) and back fat thickness, body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat (p<.001) and intramuscular fat(p<.05). The 'H'allele was positivecly associated with gaining of body weight and fatness deposition. In conclusion, a significant association of the H-FABP gene from its genetic variation was found on body weight, intramuscular fat and backfat thickness.

자외선의 조사간격이 브로일러 병아리의 볏 피부중 비타민 D₃함량에 미치는 영향

조인호,장윤환,이은택,여영수,배은경,김중달 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the content, of previtamin D₃(PreD₃), lumisterol₃(L₃), vitamin D₃(VD₃) and provitamin D₃(ProD₃) in comb skski of broiler chicks exposed to medium ware ultraviolet(UVB) lights in different interval. The broiler Hubbard line day old chicks(199 = 10 control + 3 irradiation interval × 9 elapsed time × 7 replica) were fed vitamin D deficient diet for 3 weeks in a windowless subdued light room and exposed to 297 ㎚ UVB light by 0.068 mJ/㎝-(10 min) three times in 0, 12 or 24 h interval. The comb skin were taken at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, 144 or 240 h after last irradiation, and epidermis and dermis were separated. The lipid in sample was extracted by 9% ethyl acetate/hexane and purified by Sep-Pak silica catridge. The stright phase HPI-C was applied to analyze the concentration of Prop; and its photoproducts. When chicks were exposed once to UVB light for 30 min without interval, the mole % of ProD₃ in comb epidermis were 100% at control and 52.65% at 0 h after irradiation, thereafter it increased gradually to 88.17% at 240 h. PreD₃ and L₃ presented the maximum mole % at 0 h. VD₃ showed the peak value at 12 h. then decreased slowly. As UVB light was utilized to irradiate the chicks for 10 thin three times in 12 h interval, the ProD₃ mole portion in epidermis at 0 h was 76.4%, the lowest value among tested. PreD₃ and 1-3 preserved the highest level at 24 and 0 h, respectively, thereafter decreased gradully. VD₃ showed a peak at 6 h after exposure. When 24 h interval system was treated, the lowest value of ProD₃ 83.52% was appeared at 0 h. PreD₃ and L3 showed the highest level at 6 and 0 h, respectively. Mole ale of VD₃ had a peak value at 6 h and thin decreased. The mole % of ProD₃ and its photoproduets in comb dermis presented similar trends of time course variation as in those in epidermis. In respecting the method of UVB irradiation the PreD₃, L, and VDT were produced more quickly and largely in no intend system as compared to the time and amount produced in 12 or 24 h interval system.

Coumarins reduce biofilm formation and the virulence of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Lee, J.H.,Kim, Y.G.,Cho, H.S.,Ryu, S.Y.,Cho, M.H.,Lee, J. G. Fischer 2014 Phytomedicine Vol.21 No.8

E. coli O157:H7 is the most common cause of hemorrhagic colitis, and no effective therapy exists for E. coli O157:H7 infection. Biofilm formation is closely related to E. coli O157:H7 infection and constitutes a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the antibiofilm or antivirulence approach provides an alternative to antibiotic strategies. Coumarin and its derivatives have a broad range of biological effects, and in this study, the antibiofilm activities of nine coumarins were investigated against E. coli O157:H7. Coumarin or umbelliferone at 50μg/ml was found to inhibit biofilm E. coli O157:H7 formation by more than 80% without affecting bacterial growth. Transcriptional analysis showed that coumarins repressed curli genes and motility genes in E. coli O157:H7, and these findings were in-line with observed reductions in fimbriae production, swarming motility, and biofilm formation. In addition, esculetin repressed Shiga-like toxin gene stx2 in E. coli O157:H7 and attenuated its virulence in vivo in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These findings show that coumarins have potential use in antivirulence strategies against persistent E. coli O157:H7 infection.

Kinetics determination of electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) using carbon fiber microelectrode in electroenzymatic degradation of phenolic compounds

Cho, S.H.,Jang, A.,Bishop, P.L.,Moon, S.H. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.175 No.1

The kinetics of electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), which can activate peroxidases in an electroenzymatic process, was examined by an amperometric technique using a carbon fiber microelectrode that was modified by polyaniline (PAn) film and platinum particles. The electrogeneration of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was found to be dependent on the pH and applied potential, and resulting in a variable current response of the carbon fiber microelectrode. The highest amount of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was electrogenerated when 2.3V was applied between the Pt/Ti anode and a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode at pH 6.0, with a current response of 0.0190μAmin<SUP>-1</SUP>. Phenol was completely degraded by the electroenzymatic reaction of the immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the time required for the electrogeneration of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> increased according to the initial concentration of phenol. The degradation stoichiometric ratio between the electrogenerated H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and the aqueous phenol under HRP immobilized on RVC was found to be 1:1.

Interface sulfur passivation using H₂S annealing for atomic-layer-deposited Al₂O₃ films on an ultrathin-body In_0.53Ga_0.47As-on-insulator

Jin, H.S.,Cho, Y.J.,Lee, S.M.,Kim, D.H.,Kim, D.W.,Lee, D.,Park, J.B.,Won, J.Y.,Lee, M.J.,Cho, S.H.,Hwang, C.S.,Park, T.J. New York] ; North-Holland 2014 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.315 No.-

Atomic-layer-deposited Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> films were grown on ultrathin-body In<SUB>0.53</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.47</SUB>As substrates for III-V compound-semiconductor-based devices. Interface sulfur (S) passivation was performed with wet processing using ammonium sulfide ((NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>S) solution, and dry processing using post-deposition annealing (PDA) under a H<SUB>2</SUB>S atmosphere. The PDA under the H<SUB>2</SUB>S atmosphere resulted in a lower S concentration at the interface and a thicker interfacial layer than the case with (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>S wet-treatment. The electrical properties of the device, including the interface property estimated through frequency dispersion in capacitance, were better for (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>S wet-treatment than the PDA under a H<SUB>2</SUB>S atmosphere. They might be improved, however, by optimizing the process conditions of PDA. The PDA under a H<SUB>2</SUB>S atmosphere following (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>S wet-treatment resulted in an increased S concentration at the interface, which improved the electrical properties of the devices.

2종 잠열 축열재를 사용하는 축열장치의 열저장성능

이건행(G.H. Lee),김준근(J.K. Kim),조남철(N.C. Cho),오수철(S.C. Ohu),임장순(C.S. Yim) 한국태양에너지학회 1994 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 효율적인 열저장 방법으로 주목받고 있는 잠열이용형 축열장치에 2종 축열재 (C_(28)H_(58), Na₄P₂O_7ㆍ10H₂O)의 질량비 (M*)를 각각 0.5, 1.0, 2.0으로 하여 장입한 후 작동유체의 유량 및 온도, 상변화물질의 초기온도를 변화시켰을 경우 사간경과에 따른 상변화물질의 온도분포와 축열량 및 방열량을 비교, 검토하였다.<br/> 열전도율이 큰 피로인산나트륨의 온도분포는 축열초기에 급격히 상승하는 반면, 피로인산나트륨보다 열전도율이 작고 자연대류 열전달이 지배적인 파라핀의 온도분포는 상대적으로 서서히 증가하였고 2종 축열재 중에서 파라핀의 질량이 많을수록 축열량이 크게 나타났다. 그러나 이후 용융이 진행됨에 따라 용융체적이 증가하므로 액상 피로인산나트륨의 열전도율이 액상 파라핀의 열전도율보다 크기 때문에 피로인산나트륨의 질량이 많을수록 축열량이 크게 나타나 질량비 0.5인 경우의 총 축열량은 94 Kcal/㎏으로 질량비가 1.0, 2.0인 경우보다 각각 약 3.3%, 5.6% 정도 크게 나타났다.<br/> 방열 과정에서는 액상 피로인산나트륨의 열전도율이 액상 파라핀의 열전도율보다 약 3배 정도 크기 때문에 피로인산나트륨의 질량이 가장 많은 질량비 0.5인 경우의 방열량이 질량비 1.0, 2.0인 경우보다 크게 나타났다. A new concept of heat storage system using latent heat was proposed for improving the effectiveness of the heat storage. Two kinds of phase change materials (C_(28)H_(58), Na₄P₂O_7ㆍ10H₂O) were inserted into the tubes of the system in order to calculate and, hence, to analyze the mass ratio, temperature distribution, heat recovery quantity and heat release quantity with respect to the flow rate and temperature of the working fluids and initial temperature of PCM.<br/> At early heating process, the temperature distribution of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O rapidly increases, while that of C_(28)H_(58) slowly increases due to lower thermal conductivity and melting points. However, in proceeding of melting process, total heat storage quantity of the case of 0.5-mass ratio is shown to be superior to 1.0, 2.0 mass-ratio by 3.3%, 5.6%, respectively.<br/> In proceeding of melting process, heat transfer rate rapidly increases proportional to mass of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O This is due to that the thermal conductivity of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O is larger than that of C_(28)H_(58) in liquid state. In cooling process, the case of 0.5-mass ratio was superior to any other cases in terms of freezing heat transfer rate. This aspect arises from that the thermal condutivity of Na₄P₂0_7ㆍ10H₂O in liquid state was lager than that of C_(28)H_(58) by three times.

Effects of HA and NA glycosylation pattern changes on the transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in guinea pigs

Park, S.,Lee, I.,Kim, J.I.,Bae, J.Y.,Yoo, K.,Kim, J.,Nam, M.,Park, M.,Yun, S.H.,Cho, W.I.,Kim, Y.S.,Ko, Y.Y.,Park, M.S. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2

Avian influenza H7N9 virus has posed a concern of potential human-to-human transmission by resulting in seasonal virus-like human infection cases. To address the issue of sustained human infection with the H7N9 virus, here we investigated the effects of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) N-linked glycosylation (NLG) patterns on influenza virus transmission in a guinea pig model. Based on the NLG signatures identified in the HA and NA genetic sequences of H7N9 viruses, we generated NLG mutant viruses using either HA or NA gene of a H7N9 virus, A/Anhui/0½013, by reverse genetics on the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus backbone. For the H7 HA NLG mutant viruses, NLG pattern changes appeared to reduce viral transmissibility in guinea pigs. Intriguingly, however, the NLG changes in the N9 NA protein, such as a removal from residue 42 or 66 or an addition at residue 266, increased transmissibility of the mutant viruses by more than 33%, 50%, and 16%, respectively, compared with a parental N9 virus. Given the effects of HA-NA NLG changes with regard to viral transmission, we then generated the HA-NA NLG mutant viruses harboring the H7 HA of double NLG addition and the N9 NA of various NLG patterns. As seen in the HA NLG mutants above, the double NLG-added H7 HA decreased viral transmissibility. However, when the NA NLG changes occurred by a removal of residue 66 and an addition at 266 were additionally accompanied, the HA-NA NLG mutant virus recovered the transmissibility of its parental virus. These demonstrate the effects of specific HA-NA NLG changes on the H7N9 virus transmission by highlighting the importance of a HA-NA functional balance.

WO₃ nanofibers functionalized by protein-templated RuO₂ nanoparticles as highly sensitive exhaled breath gas sensing layers

Kim, K.H.,Kim, S.J.,Cho, H.J.,Kim, N.H.,Jang, J.S.,Choi, S.J.,Kim, I.D. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.241 No.-

<P>In this work, a novel catalytic synthesis and functionalization method using apoferritin is used to fabricate RuO2 nanoparticles (NPs) loaded WO3 nanofibers (NFs) for potential diagnosis of diabetes. Catalytic ruthenium (Ru) NPs with very small average diameters of 1.8 +/- 0.9 nm were synthesized using apoferritin which is a hollow protein cage, and were easily functionalized on WO3 NFs by introducing electrospinning solution with W precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). As-spun Ru NPs-loaded W precursor/PVP composite NFs were calcined at 600 degrees C for 1 h in air atmosphere to achieve RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs. The small size and uniform distribution of catalytic RuO2 NPs were well maintained due to hollow nature of apoferritin cages after calcination. The chemo-resistive sensors using RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs showed significantly enhanced acetone (CH3COCH3) sensing response (R-air/R-gas = 78.61-5 ppm), which was 7.4 times higher than the response (R-air/R-gas =10.61-5 ppm) of pristine WO3 NFs at highly humid atmosphere (95% RH). In addition, the RuO2-functionalized WO3 NFs showed outstanding selectivity toward acetone gas in comparison with other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), toluene (C6H5CH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), pentane (C5H12), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H-2), and water vapor (H2O) at 5 ppm. These results represent potential feasibility for the detection of acetone in exhaled breath for diagnosis of diabetes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Effect of the Length of Feed Withdrawal on Weight Loss, Yield and Meat Color of Broiler

Kim, D.H.,Yoo, Y.M.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, B.G.,Park, B.Y.,Cho, S.H.,Seong, P.N.,Hah, K.H.,Lee, J.M.,Kim, Y.K.,Hwang, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.1

The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.