SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN METHOD FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONER WITH SMALLER DIAMETER COPPER TUBES

Guoliang Ding,TAO REN,YONGXIN ZHENG,YIFENG GAO,JI SONG 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.3

Promoting the use of smaller diameter tube in room air conditioner is bene¯cial to reduce copper consumption and refrigerant charge, but may cause reduction of air conditioner performance, so a design method is needed. This paper presents a simulation-based design method for air conditioner with smaller diameter tube. The new method combines heat exchanger simulator and knowledge-based evolution method optimizer for designing air conditioner heat exchanger with smaller diameter tube. The simulation-based design method is illustrated in detail by an air conditioner of replacing 7mm tube indoor unit heat exchanger and 9.52mm tube outdoor unit heat exchanger with 5mm tube. Case study shows that the cost of the designed air conditioner with 5mm copper tube is 17.3% lower than that of the original one while the performance deviation between these two air conditioners is less than 0.7%.

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Luteal Cell DNA Fragmentation of Porcine Cyclic Corpora Lutea

Tao, Yong,Fu, Zhuo,Xia, Guoliang,Lei, Lei,Chen, Xiufen,Yang, Jie Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in cell apoptosis, which contributes to luteal regression and luteolysis in some species. In large domestic animals, no direct evidence for the relationship between NO and cell apoptosis in the process of corpus luteum regression is reported. The present study was conducted to investigate the localization of iNOS on porcine corpora lutea (CL) during the oestrus cycle and its relation to cell DNA fragmentation and CL regression. According to morphology, four luteal phases throughout the estrous cycle were defined as CL1, CL2, CL3 and CL4. By isoform-specific antibody against iNOS, the immunochemial staining was determined. Luteal cell DNA fragmentation was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that no positive staining for iNOS was in CL1 and that iNOS was produced but limited to the periphery of CL2, while in the CL3, the spreading immunochemical staining was found inside the CL. No iNOS positive staining was detected in CL4. Meanwhile, DNA fragmentation increased dramatically when CL developed from CL2 to CL3 (p<0.05). In CL4, higher proportion of luteal cells still had fragmented DNA than that of luteal cells from CL1 or CL2 (p<0.05). These results indicate that iNOS expression is closely related to luteal cell apoptosis and then to luteal regression.

Nitric Oxide Exerts Different Functions on Porcine Oocytes Cultured in Different Models, Which is Affected by Beta-mercaptoethanol

Tao, Yong,Xia, Guoliang,Bo, Shumin,Zhou, Bo,Zhang, Meijia,Wang, Fenghao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.3

The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cumulus expansion, oocyte mortality and meiotic maturation of porcine cumulus enclosed oocytes (CEOs) cultured in two different models when gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were presented or not. And the interaction between NO and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol ($\beta$-ME), a free radical scavenger was also investigated. Two models refer to spontaneous maturation model and hypoxanthine (HX) medium model. All the 3,433 eligible CEOs were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ and the cumulus expansion, oocyte morphology and nuclear phase were evaluated 44 h after incubation. (1) In spontaneous maturation model, NO stimulates the cumulus expansion and $\beta$-ME delayed it. NO doesn't affect the oocyte meiotic resumption but inhibits the oocytes to develop to metaphase II. (2) In HX medium model, NO or $\beta$-ME doesn't affect the expansion in the absence of gonadotropins, but in the presence of gonadotropins, NO or $\beta$-ME inhibits the expansion. In the presence of gonadotropins, NO inhibits the oocyte meiotic resumption and it especially inhibits the oocyte to develop to metaphase II, and $\beta$-ME reverses such inhibitory effects. The cooperation of gonadotropins and $\beta$-ME stimulates the meiotic resumption and especially, promotes the CEOs to develop to metaphase II in both models. Moreover, HX might contribute to the fragility of oocyte zona pellucida and gonadotropins, nitric oxide and $\beta$-ME could alleviate it separately, and cooperatively. It is concluded that NO exerts different functions in two models and $\beta$-ME affected the functions of NO in different models.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Mediated Necrosis-like Apoptosis ofHeLa Cells Induced by Ca2+ Oscillation

Qingliu Hu,Guoliang Yan,Junlei Chang,Litao Tao,Mingchao Xie,Zhao Wang 한국생화학분자생물학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.6

Endoplasmic Reticulum Mediated Necrosis-like Apoptosis of HeLa Cells Induced by Ca²⁺ Oscillation

Hu, Qingliu,Chang, Junlei,Tao, Litao,Yan, Guoliang,Xie, Mingchao,Wang, Zhao Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.6

Apoptosis and necrosis are distinguished by modality primarily. Here we show an apoptosis occurred instantly, induced by $300\;{\mu}M$ W-7 ((N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride), inhibitor of calmodulin), which demonstrated necrotic modality. As early as 30 min after W-7 addition, apoptotic (sub-diploid) peak could be detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), “DNA ladders” began to emerge also at this time point, activity of caspase-3 elevated obviously within this period. Absence of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction and cytochrome c, AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) release, verified that this rapid apoptosis did not proceed through mitochondria pathway. Activation of caspase-12 and changes of other endoplasmic reticulum (ER) located proteins ascertained that ER pathway mediated this necrosis-like apoptosis. Our findings suggest that it is not credible to judge apoptosis by modality. Elucidation of ER pathway is helpful to comprehend the pathology of diseases associated with ER stress, and may offer a new approach to the therapy of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Experimental Comparison of Bernoulli Gripper and Vortex Gripper

Xin Li,Ning Li,Guoliang Tao,Hao Liu,Toshiharu Kagawa 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

A Bernoulli gripper and a vortex gripper are types of pneumatic grippers that have similar functions but different working principles. They are widely used for performing gripping, transferring, and placing operations in automated production lines. This study systematically compares the two grippers and provides an objective reference to enable users to choose an appropriate gripper. First, we present the working principles of both grippers. Then, we measure the curves of suction force, air consumption, and upstream pressure; furthermore, we analyze and compare the energy consumption from the viewpoint of the entire pneumatic system. The results reveal the relationships with the air consumption and total energy consumption. Next, we measure the pressure distribution formed on the upper surface of the workpiece. From the experimental results, the principles of the two grippers are stated and compared. Furthermore, we use the pressure distribution data to estimate the deformation and inner stress of the workpiece. The influence of the grippers on the workpiece are analyzed and compared from a material mechanics viewpoint. Finally, we use three types of rough surfaces to qualitatively evaluate and compare the performance of the grippers when gripping a workpiece with a rough surface

Shaking Table Test on Seismic Responses of a Monolithic Precast Concrete Shear Wall Structure

Chao-gang Qin,Guoliang Bai,Ya-zhou Xu,Ning Fen Su,Tao Wu,Zhong Liang Li,Yu Zhe Sun 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.10

To examine the seismic performance of Monolithic Precast Concrete Shear Wall (MPCSW) structure, a 1/5-scaled twelve-story model is designed and investigated by shaking table test, and connections between the precast elements and their impact on seismic performance of the overall model are comprehensively inspected and analyzed. Based on the testing results, the structural responses are divided into elastic stage and plastic stage, and the variations of dynamic characteristics, cracking and failure pattern, seismic responses of the model are accordingly presented. The experimental results indicate that most of critical cracks of the MPCSW model locate on the coupling beams and horizontal connections of precast concrete shear walls, and the fundamental frequency exhibits a successively decreasing trend during the entire testing process. Furthermore, The MPCSW model is designed in accordance with Chinese codes meets the requirement for the seismic fortification intensity of eight, and shows an adequate safety margin to resist collapse in the case of 0.90 g.

Experimental and Simulation Investigation on the Effect of Slot Angle on the Flush Sharp Die Performance during Melt Blowing

Xibo Hao,Guojun Jiang,Jin Tao,Guoliang Liu,Sheng Xie 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.10

Die configuration is one of the most important factors that determine the polymer jet attenuation during meltblowing. To find the optimum slot angle, we investigated the effects of sharp die slot angles (60 °, 50 °, 40 °) on the polymerjet attenuation experimentally and numerically. A model which incorporated the air-polymer coupling effect was built basedon phase field method to investigate the die performance. In the experiment, sharp dies with different slot angles werefabricated and adopted for producing melt-blown nonwovens. The SEM and filter efficiency measurement, and numericalanalysis demonstrated that the 60 ° sharp die has the best performance in polymer jet attenuation.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant maize reveals potential mechanisms to enhance salt resistance

Mingquan Wang,Yufeng Wang,Yifei Zhang,Chunxia Li,Shichen Gong,Shuqin Yan,Guoliang Li,Guanghui Hu,Honglei Ren,Jianfei Yang,Tao Yu,Kejun Yang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.7

Background Salt stress is a devastating environmental stress that causes plant growth inhibition and yield reduction. Objective The identification of salt-tolerant genes brings hope for the generation of salinity-tolerant crop plants through molecular breeding. Methods In this study, one salt-sensitive and one salt-tolerant maize inbred line were screened from 242 maize inbred lines. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related enzyme activities were detected and salt-responsive comparative transcriptome analysis was performed for control and 220 mM NaCl treated maize leaves. Results Salt-tolerant maize inbred line (L87) showed higher ROS-related enzyme (SOD, POD, APX and CAT) activities and accumulated relatively lower levels of ROS under salt stress. Of the total DEGs, 1856 upregulated DEGs were specific to L87, including stress tolerance-related members of the 70kDa family of heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) and aquaporins. The DEGs involved in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction pathways may determine the difference in salt tolerance between the two varieties, especially one central component SnRK2, that positively regulates ABA signaling and was only upregulated in L87. Analysis of DEGs related to ROS scavenging showed that some peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes specific to L87 probably enhanced its salt tolerance. The analysis of differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) suggested that WRKY TFs could contribute to the difference in salt tolerance between the two maize lines. Conclusion Compared with Salt-sensitive maize inbred line (L29), L87 exhibits specific regulatory mechanisms related to salt tolerance, including plant hormone interactions, ROS scavenging and the regulation of TFs. Our study identifies new candidate genes that may regulate maize tolerance to salt stress and provides useful information for breeding maize with high salt resistance.