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Inclusive Growth and Innovation
Georges Bresson,Jean-Michel Etienne,Pierre Mohnen 과학기술정책연구원 2015 STI Policy Review Vol.6 No.1
Based on the work of Anand et al. (2013) we measure inclusive income growth, which combines growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and growth in the equity of the income distribution. Extending the work of Causa et al. (2014), we estimate a dynamic simultaneous structural equations model of GDP per capita and inclusive income on panel data for 63 countries over the 1990-2013 period. We estimate both equations in error correction form by difference GMM (generalized method of moments). Among the explanatory variables of the level and the distribution of GDP per capita we include R&D (research and development) expenditure per capita. In OECD countries we obtain a large positive effect of R&D on GDP. R&D is found to have a positive effect on the social mobility index but its impact on the income equity index at first decreases, then switches around to become slightly positive in the long run. In non- OECD countries, R&D is found to decrease inclusive income, mostly through a negative growth effect but also because of a slightly increasing income inequity effect.
Georges Jabbour,Lise Belliveau,David Probizanski,Ian Newhouse,Jim McAuliffe,Jennifer Jakobi,Michel Johnson 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.3
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on glucose profile in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eight persons with T2DM (41 to 65 years) completed a glucose tolerance test with and without NMES delivered to the knee extensors for a 1-hour period at 8 Hz. Three blood samples were collected: at rest, and then 60 and 120 minutes after consumption of a glucose load on the NMES and control days. In NMES groups glucose concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.01) than in the control conditions. Moreover, a significant positive correlation (r=0.9, P<0.01) was obtained between the intensity of stimulation and changes in blood glucose. Our results suggest that low-frequency stimulation seem suitable to induce enhance glucose uptake in persons with T2DM. Moreover, the intensity of stimulation reflecting the motor contraction should be considered during NMES procedure.
Kim, JongJoo,Georges, Michel Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9
A novel fine-mapping method exploiting linkage disequilibrium (LD) was applied to better refine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) positions for milk production traits on bovine chromosome 14 in the pedigree comprising 22 paternal half-sib families of a Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian grand-daughter design in the Netherlands for a total of 1,034 sons. The chromosome map was constructed with the 31 genetic markers spanning 90 Kosambi cM with the average inter-marker distance of 3.5 cM. The linkage analyses, in which the effects of sire QTL alleles were assumed random and the random factor of the QTL allelic effects was incorporated into the Animal Model, found the QTL for milk, fat, and protein yield and fat and protein % with the Lod scores of 10.9, 2.3, 6.0, 25.4 and 3.2, respectively. The joint analyses including LD information by use of multi-marker haplotypes highly increased the evidence of the QTL (Lod scores were 25.1, 20.9, 11.0, 85.7 and 17.4 for the corresponding traits, respectively). The joint analyses including DGAT markers in the defined haplotypes again increased the QTL evidence and the most likely QTL positions for the five traits coincided with the position of the DGAT gene, supporting the hypothesis of the direct causal involvement of the DGAT gene. This study strongly indicates that the exploitation of LD information will allow additional gains of power and precision in finding and localising QTL of interest in livestock species, on the condition of high marker density around the QTL region.
Insect fatty acids: A comparison of lipids from three Orthopterans and Tenebrio molitor L. larvae
Aman Paul,Michel Frederich,Rudy Caparros Megido,Taofic Alabi,PriyankaMalik,Roel Uyttenbroeck,Frederic Francis,Christophe Blecker,Eric Haubruge,Georges Lognay,Sabine Danthine 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
In order to explore some potential insect sources of food lipids, the lipid compositions of three Orthopterans (Acheta domesticus, Conocephalus discolor and Chorthippus parallelus) were analyzed and compared with those of Tenebrio molitor larvae. A. domesticus, Co. discolor, Ch. parallelus and T. molitor larvae were found to contain approximately 15%, 13%, 10% and 32% lipids on dryweight, respectively. The lipids fromthree Orthopterans contain much higheramounts of essential fatty acids than those of T.molitor larvae. The twoOrthopterans of the suborder Ensifera i.e., A. domesticus and Co. discolor contain linoleic acid inmajor quantities,while Ch. parallelus of the suborder Caelifera, contain α-linolenic acid in major quantities. The consumption of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acid is linked with numerous health promoting effects. The factors that contribute to differences in fatty acid profiles of these insects are being discussed. At last the nutritional parameters including polyunsaturated to saturated and omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acid ratios of these insect lipids are also being discussed to understand the potential role of these lipids in human nutrition.
Targeting the HTLV-I-Regulated BATF3/IRF4 Transcriptional Network in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Nakagawa, Masao,Shaffer, Arthur L.,Ceribelli, Michele,Zhang, Meili,Wright, George,Huang, Da Wei,Xiao, Wenming,Powell, John,Petrus, Michael N.,Yang, Yibin,Phelan, James D.,Kohlhammer, Holger,Dubois, Si Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2018 CANCER CELL Vol.34 No.2
Zhuanga, Yun,Borucki, Leonard,Philipossian, Ara,Dien, Eric,Ennahali, Mohamed,Michel, George,Laborie, Bernard,Zhuang, Yun,Keswani, Manish,Rosales-Yeomans, Daniel,Lee, Hyo-Sang,Philipossian, Ara The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2007 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.8 No.2
In this study, a novel slurry containing ceria as the abrasive particles was analyzed in terms of its frictional, thermal and kinetic attributes for interlayer dielectric (ILD) CMP application. The novel slurry was used to polish 200-mm blanket ILD wafers on an $IC1000_{TM}$ K-groove pad with in-situ conditioning. Polishing pressures ranged from 1 to 5 PSI and the sliding velocity ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s. Shear force and pad temperature were measured in real time during the polishing process. The frictional analysis indicated that boundary lubrication was the dominant tribological mechanism. The measured average pad leading edge temperature increased from 26.4 to $38.4\;^{\circ}C$ with the increase in polishing power. The ILD removal rate also increased with the polishing power, ranging from 400 to 4000 A/min. The ILD removal rate deviated from Prestonian behavior at the highest $p{\times}V$ polishing condition and exhibited a strong correlation with the measured average pad leading edge temperature. A modified two-step Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model was used to simulate the ILD removal rate. In this model, transient flash heating temperature is assumed to dominate the chemical reaction temperature. The model successfully captured the variable removal rate behavior at the highest $p{\times}V$ polishing condition and indicates that the polishing process was mechanical limited in the low $p{\times}V$ polishing region and became chemically and mechanically balanced with increasing polishing power.
Yun Zhuang,Leonard Borucki,Ara Philipossian,Eric Dien,Mohamed Ennahali,George Michel,Bernard Laborie,Yun Zhuang,Manish Keswani,Daniel Rosales-Yeomans,Hyosang Lee,Ara Philipossian 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.8 No.2
In this study, a novel slurry containing ceria as the abrasive particles was analyzed in terms of its frictional, thermal and kinetic attributes for interlayer dielectric (ILD) CMP application. The novel slurry was used to polish 200-mm blanket ILD wafers on an IC1000TM K-groove pad with in-situ conditioning. Polishing pressures ranged from 1 to 5 PSI and the sliding velocity ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s. Shear force and pad temperature were measured in real time during the polishing process. The frictional analysis indicated that boundary lubrication was the dominant tribological mechanism. The measured average pad leading edge temperature increased from 26.4 to 38.4 °C with the increase in polishing power. The ILD removal rate also increased with the polishing power, ranging from 400 to 4000 A/min. The ILD removal rate deviated from Prestonian behavior at the highest p´V polishing condition and exhibited a strong correlation with the measured average pad leading edge temperature. A modified two-step Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model was used to simulate the ILD removal rate. In this model, transient flash heating temperature is assumed to dominate the chemical reaction temperature. The model successfully captured the variable removal rate behavior at the highest p´V polishing condition and indicates that the polishing process was mechanical limited in the low p´V polishing region and became chemically and mechanically balanced with increasing polishing power.
<i>Herschel</i> and SCUBA-2 observations of dust emission in a sample of <i>Planck</i> cold clumps
Juvela, Mika,He, Jinhua,Pattle, Katherine,Liu, Tie,Bendo, George,Eden, David J.,Fehé,r, Orsolya,Michel, Fich,Fuller, Gary,Hirano, Naomi,Kim, Kee-Tae,Li, Di,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Malinen, Johanna,Marsh Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.612 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Analysis of all-sky <I>Planck</I> submillimetre observations and the IRAS 100 <I>μ</I>m data has led to the detection of a population of Galactic cold clumps. The clumps can be used to study star formation and dust properties in a wide range of Galactic environments.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> Our aim is to measure dust spectral energy distribution (SED) variations as a function of the spatial scale and the wavelength.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We examined the SEDs at large scales using IRAS, <I>Planck</I>, and <I>Herschel</I> data. At smaller scales, we compared JCMT/SCUBA-2 850 <I>μ</I>m maps with <I>Herschel</I> data that were filtered using the SCUBA-2 pipeline. Clumps were extracted using the Fellwalker method, and their spectra were modelled as modified blackbody functions.</P><P><I>Results.</I> According to IRAS and <I>Planck</I> data, most fields have dust colour temperatures <I>T</I>C ~ 14-18 K and opacity spectral index values of <I>β</I> = 1.5-1.9. The clumps and cores identified in SCUBA-2 maps have <I>T</I> ~ 13 K and similar <I>β</I> values. There are some indications of the dust emission spectrum becoming flatter at wavelengths longer than 500 <I>μ</I>m. In fits involving <I>Planck</I> data, the significance is limited by the uncertainty of the corrections for CO line contamination. The fits to the SPIRE data give a median <I>β</I> value that is slightly above 1.8. In the joint SPIRE and SCUBA-2 850 <I>μ</I>m fits, the value decreases to <I>β</I> ~ 1.6. Most of the observed <I>T</I>-<I>β</I> anticorrelation can be explained by noise.</P><P><I>Conclusions.</I> The typical submillimetre opacity spectral index <I>β</I> of cold clumps is found to be ~1.7. This is above the values of diffuse clouds, but lower than in some previous studies of dense clumps. There is only tentative evidence of a <I>T</I>-<I>β</I> anticorrelation and <I>β</I> decreasing at millimetre wavelengths.</P>
Effectiveness of Mavrilimumab in Viral Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 Infection - A Brief Review
Bhatt Kinal,Garimella Radhika,Taugir Rahima,Mehta Isha,Jamal Muhammad,Vijayan Rupalakshmi,Offor Rita,Nwankwo Kanayo,Arif Uroosa,Waheed Khurram,Kumari Priyanka,Lathiya Maulik,Michel George,Pandya Naush 대한감염학회 2021 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.53 No.1
Hyperinflammation and cytokine storm has been noted as a poor prognostic factor in patients with severe pneumonia related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In COVID-19, pathogenic myeloid cell overactivation is found to be a vital mediator of damage to tissues, hypercoagulability, and the cytokine storm. These cytokines unselectively infiltrate various tissues, such as the lungs and heart, and nervous system. This cytokine storm can hence cause multi-organ dysfunction and life-threatening complications. Mavrilimumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that may be helpful in some cases with COVID-19. During an inflammation, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release is crucial to driving both innate and adaptive immune responses. The GM-CSF immune response is triggered when an antigen attaches to the host cell and induces the signaling pathway. Mavrilimumab antagonizes the action of GM-CSF and decreases the hyperinflammation associated with pneumonia in COVID-19, therefore strengthening the rationale that mavrilimumab when added to the standard protocol of treatment could improve the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, specifically those patients with pneumonia. With this review paper, we aim to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of mavrilimumab on cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19 by reviewing published clinical trials and emphasize the importance of extensive future trials.