MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb: a massive planet orbiting an M dwarf

Batista, V.,Gould, A.,Dieters, S.,Dong, S.,Bond, I.,Beaulieu, J.P.,Maoz, D.,Monard, B.,Christie, G.W.,McCormick, J. EDP Sciences 2011 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.529 No.2

Regulatory Role of Small GTP - Binding Proteins in Cellular Signalling

Dieter Gallwitz 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4

In eucaryotic cells, evolutionary highly conserved proteins that cycle between a GDP- and a GTP-bound form are regulators of diverse and essential functions, including cellular growth and proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, vesicular transport and protein secretion. Heterotrimeric G-proteins and Ras proteins mediate the transduction of extracellular signals into the cell interiour resulting in signal amplification and long-term cellular responses. Recent genetic and cell biological studies in yeast and mammals have shown that a group of ras-like proteins, called ypt or rab, participates in intracellular protein transport. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, two of these proteins, Ypt1p and Sec4p, function in vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, respectively. We made use of the repressable GAL10 promoter driving the essential yeast YPT1 gene, to isolate genes able to suppress the loss of Ypt1p. One of these genes (SLY1-20) acts as a single-copy, dominant suppressor due to a single amino acid substitution of its 666aa protein product. Three other genes (SLY2, 12 and 41) are multi-copy suppressors and encode integral membrane proteins. SLY1-20 as well as SLY2 and SLY12 partially complement sec21 and sec22 secretion-defective mutants indicating a role of the SLY gene products in ER→Golgi transport. The mammalian homologues of yeast Ypt1p and Ryh1p, a newly discovered GTP-binding protein, have been identified by functional complementation. Functionally equivalent GTP-binding proteins have identical "effector" regions related to but different from the GAP-binding ras "effector" loop. Mutant ypt1 proteins carrying various substitutions within the "effector" region and their altered interaction with a mammalian GTPase-activating protein acting preferentially on yeast and mammalian Ypt1 will be described.

Der Tater-Opfer-Ausgleich im strafrechtlichen Rechtsfolgensystem

Dieter Rössner 아주대학교 법학연구소 2010 아주법학 Vol.4 No.2

Die Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde und das Verhältnis von Verfassungsgericht und Fachgerichten in Deutschland

Dieter Grimm 서울대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울대학교 法學 Vol.55 No.1

Anders als in Korea besteht in Deutschland die Möglichkeit, Verfassungsbeschwerdegegen Gerichtsurteile zu erheben, wenn man sich durch ein Urteil inseinen Grundrechten verletzt fühlt. Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerden bilden sogar dengrößten Anteil aller Verfahren beim deutschen Bundesverfassungsgericht. Mit derVerfassungsbeschwerde gegen Gerichtsurteile verschärft sich allerdings einProblem, das der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit generell innewohnt: das Problem derGrenzziehung zwischen Verfassungsrecht und Gesetzesrecht sowie zwischen demVerfassungsgericht und den übrigen Gerichten. In Deutschland besitzt diesesProblem gesteigerte Bedeutung, weil das Bundesverfassungsgericht annimmt, dassdie Grundrechte auch bei der Auslegung und Anwendung von Gesetzen zubeachten sind (“Ausstrahlungswirkung”). Führt die Anwendung eines verfassungsmäßigenGesetzes zur Beschränkung eines Grundrechts, dann muss das Gesetz “imLicht des Grundrechts” ausgelegt werden, soweit Spielräume für die Auslegungbestehen. Die Grenze zwischen Verfassungsrecht und Gesetzesrecht, Verfassungsgerichtund sonstigen Gerichten wird dadurch besonders unklar. Der Versuch desBundesverfassungsgerichts, die Grenze durch die sogenannte Hecksche Formel(BVerfGE 18,85 [92 f.]) zu bestimmen, hilft bei der Grenzziehung, kann aber dieZweifel nicht völlig beseitigen. Deswegen kommt es immer wieder einmal zuKritik an verfassungsgerichtlichen Entscheidungen, weil sie nach Ansicht derKritiker die Grenze überschritten haben. Die Kritik hat bisher aber nicht zurForderung nach Abschaffung der Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde geführt. Diese istvielmehr in der deutschen Rechtsordnung fest verankert. Viele wichtige Entscheidungendes Bundesverfassungsgerichts hätten ohne die Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerdenicht ergehen können.

Protein Quality Control and Elimination of Misfolded Proteins of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Cytosol

Dieter H. Wolf 한국생명과학회 2006 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.47 No.-

에너지 전환: 독일의 관점에서 본 유럽연합의 목표와 대안

( Dieter Eiβel ),고종환 ( Jong-hwan Ko ) 한독경상학회 2016 經商論叢 Vol.34 No.4

본 논문에서는 유럽연합의 에너지 정책을 독일의 관점에 고찰하였다. 우선 전 세계적 차원에서의 합의를 도출하게 된 기후변화와 관련된 과제를 살펴보았다. 유럽연합에서는 대기오염을 줄이는 일뿐만 아니라 에너지 분야에서의 비교적 높은 수입의존도를 낮추는 일도 매우 중요한 과제이다. 따라서 유럽연합은 전기 생산에 있어서 재생에너지의 비중을 늘리고 에너지 효율을 높이는 목표를 설정하였다. 독일의 경우, 재생에너지 생산에 대한 보조금 지급이 매우 성공적이었다. 그러나 특히 에너지 효율과 에너지 생산 주체의 다양화와 관련되어있는 지방분권적 에너지 공급의 장점을 실제성공적으로 활용할 수 있을지 여부는 앞으로 두고 봐야 할 것이다. 특정 국가의 정책 목표와 기존의 에너지 공급업체의 이해관계의 상충으로 인해 이산화탄소 제거작업과 에너지 전환 작업이 차질을 빚을 수도 있다는 사실과 이산화탄소 제거작업과 에너지 전환에 관한 사회적 담론을 잘못된 정보를 제공함으로써 와해시키고자 하는 이해당사자들이 있다는 사실을 간과해서는 안 될 것이다. 폴란드의 경우, 러시아의 석유와 가스에 대한 수입의존도를 줄이고자 석탄 사용을 고집하는 것이 하나의 예이며, 재생에너지가 다른 에너지원에 비해 너무 비싸다고 주장하는 것이 또 하나의 예이다. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Energiepolitik der Europaischen Union unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Deutschland. Er zeigt zunachst die Herausforderungen durch den Klima-wandel, die zu global verbindlichen Beschlussen gefuhrt haben. Fur die Europaische Union ist es neben der Minderung der klimaschadlichen Emissionen dabei wichtig, die relativ hohe Importabhangigkeit im Energiesektor zu reduzieren. Sie hat daher ambitionierte Ziele gesetzt, die sich insbesondere auf den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien an der Elektrizitatserzeugung und auf Steigerung der Energieeffizienz beziehen. Im Falle Deutschlands kann gezeigt werden, dass die Subventionierung der Erzeugung alternativer Energien sehr erfolgreich war. Die Zukunft wird aber zeigen, ob es gelingt, die erheblichen Vorteile einer dezentralen Energieversorgung, die insbesondere hinsichtlich der Effizienz und demokratischen Einflussnahme bestehen, tatsachlich zu nutzen. Man darf jedoch nicht ubersehen, dass spezifische nationale Ziele und Interessen der etablierten Energieversorger einer Dekarbonisierung und damit einer Energiewende im Wege stehen konnen, und dass es auch Versuche gibt, den offentlichen Diskurs mit gezielten (Fehl-) Informationen zu beeinflussen. Dies zeigt sich u.a. am Fallbeispiel Polen, das an der Kohle als Energietrager vor allem mit Hinweisen auf dessen Unabhangigkeit von russischen Ol- und Gasimporten festhalten will. Die Widerstande zeigen sich auch den Behauptungen, dass die erneuerbaren Energien im Vergleich zu anderen Energietragern zu teuer seien.

Economic Evaluation of Projects A critical comparison of the new World Bank Methodology with the UNIDO Guidelines and the revised Little Mirrlees approach

( Dieter Weiss ) 한국경제학회 1977 經濟學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

The Controversial Heritage of the Early Nazi built Mass Tourism Resort at Pa in East Germany

Dieter Semmelroth 세계문화관광학회 2012 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.5 No.1

As a manifestation of the Third Reich’s tourism and leisure policy, one of the World’s first mass tourism resorts was developed between 1936 and 1939 on the Island of Rügen at the shores of the Baltic Sea. Executed by the Nazi Organisation “ Kraft durch Freude” (KdF) (“Strength Through Joy”), a 4.5 kilometre-long concrete hotel complex with more than 6,000 rooms was built close to the sea-side resort of Prora with the objective of offering cheap package holidays for up to 20,000 people at a time. The design won an award at the 1937 Paris World Exhibition for the idea of promoting mass tourism and its then modern architecture of steel-reinforced concrete, intended to withstand the rough sea climate. The project testifies to Hitler’s megalomania. The hotel complex was to have two piers big enough for ocean liners, swimming pools and solarium halls, shops and related infrastructure such as schools, water and power stations. Due to the outbreak of the Second World War, the complex was newer fully completed. During as well as after the War the set of buildings was used by refugees and later by the Soviet and East German military. Following Germany’s re-unification in 1990, repeated attempts were made to privatise the building complex, which is protected by the German “historic monument code”. Today, only a fraction of the complex is being used for a small museum and since July 2011 as one of Germany’s largest youth hotel. The youth hostel project is controversial due to the buildings past, with critics saying that such an architectural monstrosity with its dubious history is the last place where people should be spending their holidays.

韓國假面劇의 形成과 性格糾明에 대한 몇 가지의 假說

Dieter Eikemeier,박미영(편집자) 한국학중앙연구원 1985 한국학 Vol.8 No.4

The Challenge of Immigration to Europe

( Dieter Eißel ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2020 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.4 No.1

The article analyses the refugee dilemma and the differing reactions and attitudes in European countries. It concentrates on the mass immigration to Europe since 2015. The main focus here is on Germany, which had accepted the highest number of refugees. It shows that after a phase of welcome culture, attitudes in part have changed towards rejection and rising xenophobia. Extreme right parties have gained support all over in Europe by using immigrants as scapegoats for downsizing welfare, rising inequality, and unemployment. The article not only shows the causes of flight and reactions on mass immigration but also proposes human alternatives, which is missing in publications on the “refugee crisis” in Europe. These proposals would help to minimize the -sometimes- deadly trip to Europe, and furthermore, would reduce the immense challenge of integration in the European societies and help to defend democratic culture.