Unraveling the effect of structurally different classes of insecticide on germination and early plant growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Dhungana, S.K.,Kim, I.D.,Kwak, H.S.,Shin, D.H. Academic Press 2016 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.130 No.-

<P>Although a considerable number of studies about the effect of different insecticides on plant physiology and metabolism have been carried out, research work about the comparative action of structurally different classes of insecticide on physiological and biochemical properties of soybean seed germination and early growth has not been found. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different classes of insecticides on soybean seed germination and early plant growth. Soybean seeds of Bosuk cultivar were soaked for 24 h in distilled water or recommended dose (2 mL L-1, 1 mL L-1, 0.5 g L-1, and 0.5 g L-1 water for insecticides Mepthion, Myungtaja, Actara, and Stonate, respectively) of pesticide solutions of four structurally different classes of insecticides - Mepthion (fenitrothion; organophosphate), Myungtaja (etofenprox; pyrethroid), Actara (thiamethoxam; neonicotinoid), and Stonate (lambda-cyhalothrin cum thiamethoxam; pyrethroid cum neonicotinoid) - which are used for controlling stink bugs in soybean crop. Insecticides containing thiamethoxam and lamda-cyhalothrin cum thiamethoxam showed positive effects on seedling biomass and content of polyphenol and flavonoid, however fenitrothion insecticide reduced the seed germination, seed and seedling vigor, and polyphenol and flavonoid contents in soybean. Results of this study reveal that different classes of insecticide have differential influence on physiologic and metabolic actions like germination, early growth, and antioxidant activities of soybean and this implies that yield and nutrient content also might be affected with the application of different types of insecticide. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Possibilities of a Participatory Pedagogy for Enhancing Teaching, Learning and Assessing in a Nepali University Class

( Parbati Dhungana ),( Roshani Rajbanshi ),( Niroj Dahal ),( Bal Chandra Luitel ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research Vol.5 No.1

Teacher-centered pedagogical practices seem insufficient for promoting students’ active learning in semester-based teaching. Therefore, we argue that integrating participatory pedagogy as a strategy to the teacher-centered pedagogical practices contributes to the existing semester-based teaching, learning, and assessing practices. Inspired by living educational theory, we engaged with nine students of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics (STEAM) in the Participatory Action Research (PAR) course/class living our shared value, respect, in the process of facilitating for six months (February-July 2020). Considering each class, a cycle (i.e., of planning, action, observation, and reflection design) and adapting dialogue as a research method, we generated and analyzed information in a participatory way. We discussed how participatory pedagogy created a respectful learning environment and influenced our students, us, and the PAR curriculum. Journal entries, students’ blog writings, students’ assignments, arts and designs, and curriculum hold the evidence of curriculum improvement through pedagogical inventiveness, empowerment, enhancement of criticality, and reconceptualization of the curriculum. Finally, we shared how the participatory pedagogy becomes a context-responsive pedagogy that exhibits hope for a better world in the diverse educational contexts, including (post) COVID-19.

Impact, management, and use of invasive alien plant species in Nepal’s protected area: a systematic review

Sunita Dhungana,Nuttaya Yuangyai,Sutinee Sinutok 한국생태학회 2024 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.48 No.2

Background: Invasive alien plant species (IAP) significantly threaten Nepal’s protected areas and local communities. Understanding their distribution, impact, management, and utilization is essential for developing effective management strategies and sustainable uti- lization practices. The systematic literature review of publications from 2010 to 2023. The search was conducted through the database Nepal Journal online database (NepJOL) and Google Scholar, yielding an initial pool of 4,304 publication. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria; we meticulously reviewed 43 articles for data extraction. Results: Seventeen IAP are found in protected area, Nepal with the highest prevalence observed in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, followed by Chitwan and Sukhlaphanta National Park. The most problematic species in terrestrial ecosystems are Mikania micrantha, Lan- tana camara, and Chromolaena odorata. The grassland ecosystems of wildlife habitats, primarily in the Terai and Siwalik regions, are the most invaded. Various management ap- proaches are employed to mitigate the spread and impact of IAP, including mechanical methods such as uprooting, burning, and cutting. However, these methods are costly, and context-specific interventions are needed. The study also explores the potential use of IAP for economic, ecological, or cultural purposes, such as medicinal properties, energy production potential, and economic viability. Local communities utilize these plants for animal bedding, mulching, green manure, briquette, and charcoal production. Conclusions: Applying silvicultural practices alongside mechanical management is rec- ommended to maintain a healthy terrestrial ecosystem and utilize the removed biomass for valuable products, thereby reducing removal costs and increasing income sources, po- tentially benefitting both local communities and wildlife in protected areas.

Impact, management, and use of invasive alien plant species in Nepal's protected area: a systematic review

Sunita Dhungana,Nuttaya Yuangyai,Sutinee Sinutok The Ecological Society of Korea 2024 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.48 No.1

Background: Invasive alien plant species (IAP) significantly threaten Nepal's protected areas and local communities. Understanding their distribution, impact, management, and utilization is essential for developing effective management strategies and sustainable utilization practices. The systematic literature review of publications from 2010 to 2023. The search was conducted through the database Nepal Journal online database (NepJOL) and Google Scholar, yielding an initial pool of 4,304 publication. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria; we meticulously reviewed 43 articles for data extraction. Results: Seventeen IAP are found in protected area, Nepal with the highest prevalence observed in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, followed by Chitwan and Sukhlaphanta National Park. The most problematic species in terrestrial ecosystems are Mikania micrantha, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata. The grassland ecosystems of wildlife habitats, primarily in the Terai and Siwalik regions, are the most invaded. Various management approaches are employed to mitigate the spread and impact of IAP, including mechanical methods such as uprooting, burning, and cutting. However, these methods are costly, and context-specific interventions are needed. The study also explores the potential use of IAP for economic, ecological, or cultural purposes, such as medicinal properties, energy production potential, and economic viability. Local communities utilize these plants for animal bedding, mulching, green manure, briquette, and charcoal production. Conclusions: Applying silvicultural practices alongside mechanical management is recommended to maintain a healthy terrestrial ecosystem and utilize the removed biomass for valuable products, thereby reducing removal costs and increasing income sources, potentially benefitting both local communities and wildlife in protected areas.

Airline Product Design Based on Consumer Preferences: Focused on Pricing with Fare Restrictions

( Meghana Dhungana ),( Do Hee Han ) 한국항공경영학회 2012 한국항공경영학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2012 No.-

Assessing the Impact of Microfinance Services on the Economic Transformation of Women in Nepal

Bharatram Dhungana,Laxmi Kanta Sharma,Bhumika Adhikari 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2022 지역개발연구 Vol.54 No.3

Microfinance is an essential strategy for promoting financial independence and inclusion for people living in poverty by helping them improve their household income, acquire assets, and reduce their vulnerability through accessible financial services. This study aims to assess the impact of microfinance services on the economic transformation of women living in the Kaski district of Nepal. The study was confined to NESDO microfinance clients who have been involved for at least five years. The survey is based on primary sources and includes 215 randomly selected clients. The study finds a significant impact of microfinance services on household income, employment development, asset formation, saving behaviors, and consumer spending of clients. Although microfinance institutions are powerful tools for socio-economic change, they do not reach the most disadvantaged. So, the regulatory authority needs to devise a good plan to help more poor and unbanked people get microfinance services. The government should establish a supportive environment that can aid microfinance institutions in providing microcredit and using it in beneficial ways.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in soybean leaf tissue of tolerant and susceptible cultivars under flooding stress revealed by RNA sequencing

Sanjeev K. Dhungana,김홍식,강범규,서정현,김현태,오재현,신상욱,백인열 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.1

Flooding stress causes severe yield reduction in soybean worldwide. The development of stress-tolerant cultivars could be an effective measure to reduce the negative effects of flooding stress. Molecular information on the gene expression pattern of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under fl ooding stress could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybean. The objective of this study was to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed by RNA sequencing in the soy�bean leaf tissues of tolerant (‘Paldalkong’ and ‘Danbaekkong’) and susceptible (‘NTS1116’) cultivars under flooding stress. Seedlings were grown in a well-watered condition up to the V1–V2 stage and fl ood-stressed by inundating ~ 10-cm water for 14 days. A total of 22,468 genes were differentially expressed in flood-stressed condition compared to the well-watered control condition, out of which 13,729, 13,405, and 13,160 were diff erentially expressed in ‘Paldalkong’, ‘Danbaekkong’, and ‘NTS1116’, respectively. A higher number of some of the flooding tolerance-related genes such as lipoxygenase, expansin, glutathione S-transferase, and sugar efflux transporter were up-regulated in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The number of some abscisic acid-related transcription factors of basic leucine zipper domain and myeloblastosis families was also higher in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The molecular information about the DEGs of tolerant and susceptible cultivars obtained in the present study could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybeans.

폴리스티렌-클레이 나노 복합재료의 합성 및 차단 특성에 관한 연구

비라즈둔가나(Biraj Dhungana),손영곤(Son Young-Gon) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.5

고성능 고분자/클레이 나노 복합재료의 제조 과정에는 친수성을 보이는 클레이 원료 물질인 Na+-MMT (sodium monmorilonite)를 친유성을 갖도록 유기화된 계면활성제로처리하여 개질하는 과정이 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 이 연구에서는 VDAC (vinylbenzyldimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride)를 간단한 화합물로부터 합성하였고 이를 이용 하여 양이온 교환반응에 의하여 Na+-MMT를 개질한 후 VDA+-MMT를 제조하였다. 이를 스티렌과 혼합하여 in-situ 중합에 의하여 나노복합재료를 제조하였고 클레이의 분산성 및 차단특성을 연구하였다. 연구 결과 PS/VDA+-MMT 나 노 복합재료의 경우 클레이의 분산이 Na+-MMT와 비교할 때 현저히 증가함을 확인하였고 이로 인해 유기 용매에 대한 차단 특성이 매우 우수함을 확인하였다. In prepaparation of the high performance polymer/clay nanocomposite, it is essential to modify the hydrophillic Na+-MMT to hydrophobic alkyl ammonium-MMT via organic surfactant. The organic surfactant, VDAC (vinylbenzyldimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride) was synthesized from two primary chemicals and VDA+-MMT was prepared from Na+-MMT through a cation exchange reaction between Na+ and VDA+ (vinylbenzyldimethyl-dodecylammonium+) cation. VDA+-MMT was then dispersed in styrene and polystyrene/ VDA+-MMT nanocomposite was fabricated by in-situ polymerization reaction. The clay dispersion and barrier property of the nanocomposite were investigated. From the investigations, it was confirmed that dispersion of the VDA+-MMT was enhanced compared with that of Na+-MMT and as a consequency of better dispersion, barrier property of organic solvent was improved in a great extent.

Evaluation of Flooding Tolerance of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Greenhouse under Upland and Paddy Soil Conditions

Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,김홍식,강범규,서정현,김현태,신상옥,박창환,권도연 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Domestic rice production has exceeded the demand in Korea and cultivation of upland crops like soybean has been increased in converted paddy fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two soil types, upland and paddy, on flooding tolerance of three tolerant and three susceptible soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions. The flooding tolerance of soybean cultivars was evaluated based on chlorophyll content (CC), plant height (PH), and shoot dry weight (DW) measured under unflooded control and flooded treatments for 14 days. These three parameters were significantly affected by the soil type during the flooding and flood recovery periods of 14 days. Mean flooding tolerance index (FTI) of susceptible cultivars was higher than that of tolerant cultivars in upland soil. However, the FTI of tolerant cultivars was greater than that of susceptible cultivars in paddy soil at 14 days after flooding (DAF). A non-significant negative correlation between CC and DW and a significant positive correlation between PH and DW were found in both soils, whereas the negative correlation between CC and PH was non-significant in upland soil and was significant in paddy soil at 14 DAF. The results suggested that the flooding tolerance level of soybean cultivars could be influenced by soil type hence, it could be useful to consider designing flooding tolerance studies in different soil types. Also, field experiments could be designed to observe data until harvest to verify that with vegetative parameters of tolerant soybean varieties.

Reduced Germination and Seedling Vigor of Weeds with Root Extracts of Maize and Soybean, and the Mechanism Defined as Allelopathic

Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,김일두,Bishnu Adhikari,김정호,신동현 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of eco-friendly weed management approaches is emphasized. Weed suppression by intercropping is basically attributed to increasing competition between the crop plants and weeds and/or the allelopathy effect of some crop plants. The effect of root extracts of maize or soybean on beggarticks and goosegrass weeds, as well as the effect of sole cropping of corn or soybean on weed occurrence and growth were investigated. The germination and seedling vigor of the two weeds were significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited with the maize root extract compared to those with soybean. Similarly, 420.52% low amount of fresh weeds was collected from the maize-grown pots (37.03 g) compared to that of the soybean-grown pots (155.72 g). The results of this study revealed that intercropping of soybean with maize could be an effective option to reduce the weed problem although comprehensive field studies are necessary for practical applications.