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Devianto, Hary,Li, Zhen Lan,Yoon, Sung Pil,Han, Jonghee,Nam, Suk Woo,Lim, Tae-Hoon,Lee, Ho-In Elsevier 2010 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.35 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This paper investigates the effect of modifying an Ni catalyst on the prevention of sintering of the catalyst at high temperatures, without causing a reduction in catalytic activity. The Ni catalyst was modified by adding Al through a solid–gas–solid reaction at a low temperature to produce an Ni–Al solid solution. This process allows for low-cost production of the modified catalyst. An activity test of the catalysts was carried out at 650°C and 1atm to simulate direct internal reforming of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). Experimental results showed consistent activity of the Al-modified catalyst, even after aging under severe conditions (900°C) to simulate accelerated sintering. TEM data did not show any significant physical changes even after aging. Addition of Al appeared to have successfully prevented Ni from sintering without reducing its catalytic activity in reforming bio-ethanol. In addition, an Ni–Al/MgO catalyst, integrated into the anode of an MCFC, was successfully tested for over 2000h without any significant performance degradation.</P>
The effect of electrolyte wettability on reforming catalyst in direct ethanol MCFC
Devianto, H.,Li, Z.,Yoon, S.P.,Han, J.,Nam, S.W.,Lim, T.H.,Lee, H.I. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.2
To overcome the poisoning of reforming catalyst contacted with the electrolyte without degradations of performance and long-term stability, we proposed on the development of support which has low wettability to electrolyte, but still keeps high activity on steam reforming of bio-ethanol. To perform the wettability measurement, a couple of supports (MgO and PbO) were pressed to form disc-shaped specimen with relatively low porosity, and subjected to an on-line optical contact angle measurement device at MCFC operating condition. The results of wettability of the supports indicated that PbO showed low wettability to the carbonates melts giving high contact angle. The microstructure of unreacted PbO layer might be contributed to its low wettability. The highest activity was achieved with Ni/MgO, while the lowest wettability was attained with PbO as a support. Ni/1MgO.1PbO seemed to be the most promising candidate for avoiding the reforming catalyst from poisoning.
Devianto, H.,Han, J.,Yoon, S.P.,Nam, S.W.,Lim, T.H.,Oh, I.H.,Hong, S.A.,Lee, H.I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.36 No.16
The effects of impurities in bioethanol, such as diethyl amine, acetic acid, methanol, and propanol, on the performance of a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) were investigated. A single cell with an Ni/MgO-coated anode was operated using bioethanol containing 1% impurities. The cell voltages of the single cells increased after the introduction of methanol and diethyl amine impurities. On the other hand, the single cell operated with propanol and acetic acid impurities showed somewhat worse performance than when it was operated without impurities. Activity tests were carried out to explain this phenomenon in detail. These tests showed that methanol as an impurity is reformed easily and increases the H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration in the reformed gas thereby increasing conversion and selectivity. Propanol, which is reformed incompletely, negatively affects the conversion and H<SUB>2</SUB> selectivity. Diethyl amine follows a basic reaction pathway and is reformed completely without coke formation, and acetic acid, which follows an acidic pathway, forms significant coke on the catalyst which deactivates the catalytic activity. Mixtures of these four impurities, in varying mole ratios were tested for catalytic activity, and it was found that of the mixtures tested, the one with a ratio 2:1:4:1 (methanol:propanol:diethyl amine:acetic acid) showed the best catalytic activity.
The effect of electrolyte wettability on reforming catalyst in direct ethanol MCFC
Hary Devianto,Zhenlan Li,윤성필,한종희,남석우,임태훈,이호인 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
To overcome the poisoning of reforming catalyst contacted with the electrolyte without degradations of performance and long-term stability, we proposed on the development of support which has low wettability to electrolyte, but still keeps high activity on steam reforming of bio-ethanol. To perform the wettability measurement, a couple of supports (MgO and PbO) were pressed to form disc-shaped specimen with relatively low porosity, and subjected to an on-line optical contact angle measurement device at MCFC operating condition. The results of wettability of the supports indicated that PbO showed low wettability to the carbonates melts giving high contact angle. The microstructure of unreacted PbO layer might be contributed to its low wettability. The highest activity was achieved with Ni/MgO, while the lowest wettability was attained with PbO as a support. Ni/1MgO·1PbO seemed to be the most promising candidate for avoiding the reforming catalyst from poisoning.