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More Valuable than Gold: Korean Tungsten and the Japanese War Economy, 1910 to 1945
( Chad Denton ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2013 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.26 No.2
A central component of the Japanese government’s foreign policy after the First World War was its desire to control and secure access to strategic minerals necessary for munitions production. Two-thirds of the world supply of these strategic minerals― including metals like copper, lead, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and zinc―was primarily under the commercial control of American and British interests. American geologists and foreign policy experts assumed that Anglo-American sanctions combined with the lack of mineral deposits in East Asia would prevent Japanese attempts at economic autarky. Yet these experts failed to appreciate the importance of the Korean peninsula. Korean minerals―in particular tungsten―enabled the Japanese war economy to partially withstand the economic strangulation of the Allied blockade and bombings in the last years of the war. After the war, Korean scholars documented, in great detail, the Japanese exploitation of these resources, yet this scholarship does not show how these Korean resources fit into the larger resource base of the so-called “Co-Prosperity Sphere.” This article examines the origins, development, and consequences of Japan’s exploitation of Korean mineral resources from 1910 to 1945 through a case study of tungsten and uses two distinct sets of sources: first, reports and studies produced by American geologists from the 1920s to the postwar period and, second, Japanese mining reports and statistics produced in Korea and Japan during the colonial period.
일반논문 : 구리 도둑: 금속 징발과 총력전쟁 1914-1945
채드댄튼 ( Chad Denton ) 한국서양사학회 2013 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.117
This article traces how Germany requisitioned, melted down, and transformed metal objects into munitions in occupied Europe from the First World War through the Second World War in order to show the interstices of Franco-German economic collaboration. During the First World War, Germany was effectively cut off from foreign imports of raw materials by the Allied blockade. The German military compensated for this loss through systematic requisitions in homes, businesses, and places of worship in occupied Europe. These requisitions helped save the German war effort, while effectively stripping the occupied territories of nearly all finished goods and raw materials. In preparation for Hitler`s plans for global conquest, Nazi military planners pre-emptively imposed the same economic structures domestically, including the system of requisition, salvage and “mobilization” of raw materials. This system, to the consternation of the Allies, once again saved the German war effort. In 1939, when the French Armaments Minister, Raoul Dautry faced similar difficulties in the allocation and distribution of raw materials, he began implementing the German model. Though Dautry`s work was interrupted with the invasion, a number of his colleagues used the German occupation to finish the project. Paradoxically it was French agents who stripped France of her raw materials on behalf of Germany during the Vichy collaborationist regime. (Yonsei University, Underwood International College/chaddenton@yonsei.ac.kr)
Chad B. Denton 국제언어인문학회 2021 인문언어 Vol.23 No.2
During the Second World War, why did editors of literary reviews in Vichy France including some associated with the French Resistance publish translations of German literature? Through an analysis of the French translations of German texts appearing in the Lyonnais journal Confluences from July 1941 to December 1943, this article shows how a skillful editor could weaponize translations by choosing not only what authors to publish but also where to begin or end an excerpt to suggest a dissident political meaning. At the same time, to continue to publish, that same editor needed to allow the possibility of alternative political readings that suggested support for the regime. This article argues that the editorial strategy of framing texts in such a way to encourage contradictory political meanings can be understood as a unique survival mechanism in an authoritarian regime in which people held deeply ambivalent political views what the historian of public opinion Pierre Laborie has characterized as “double-think.” Though each translation contained elements that suggested contradictory political meanings, from 1941 to 1943 these readings became progressively less ambiguous, less characteristic of “double-think” language, and less likely to be interpreted as supporting the Vichy regime.
덴튼채드 ( Chad B. Denton ) 서울대학교 독일어문화권연구소 2021 독일어문화권연구 Vol.30 No.-
This article argues that the ubiquitous presence of American tourists in interwar Paris was central for the articulation of a new, European identity on the ruins of war-torn Europe by German-speaking intellectuals. It does so by analyzing two different sets of underutilized sources, the Baedeker guidebooks to Paris used by American, German, and Austrian tourists alike as well as two German-language parodies of that guidebook, Arthur Holitscher’s Der Narrenbaedeker (1925) and Hans von Wedderkop’s, Das Buch von Paris (1929). A close reading of these “official” and satirical guidebooks reveals how German-speaking travelers to Paris “read” the city and how their encounters with both their French “hereditary enemy” and American tourists helped reframe their understandings of what it meant to be European.
Thermal evaluation of laser exposures in an<i>in vitro</i>retinal model by microthermal sensing
Choi, Tae Y.,Denton, Michael L.,Noojin, Gary D.,Estlack, Larry E.,Shrestha, Ramesh,Rockwell, Benjamin A.,Thomas, Robert,Kim, Dongsik SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineeri 2014 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS Vol.19 No.9
<P>A temperature detection system using a micropipette thermocouple sensor was developed for use within mammalian cells during laser exposure with an 8.6-μm beam at 532 nm. We have demonstrated the capability of measuring temperatures at a single-cell level in the microscale range by inserting micropipettebased thermal sensors of size ranging from 2 to 4 μm into the membrane of a live retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell subjected to a laser beam. We setup the treatment groups of 532-nm laser-irradiated single RPE cell and in situ temperature recordings were made over time. Thermal profiles are given for representative cells experiencing damage resulting from exposures of 0.2 to 2 s. The measured maximum temperature rise for each cell ranges from 39 to 73C; the RPE cells showed a signature of death for all the cases reported herein. In order to check the cell viability, real-time fluorescence microscopy was used to identify the transition of pigmented RPE cells between viable and damaged states due to laser exposure.</P>
Effectiveness of Acupuncture Therapy on Stress in a Large Urban College Population
Stefanie Schroeder,James Burnis,Antony Denton,Aaron Krasnow,T.S. Raghu,Kimberly Mathis 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.3
This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial to study the effectiveness of acupuncture on the perception of stress in patients who study or work on a large, urban college campus. The hypothesis was that verum acupuncture would demonstrate a significant positive impact on perceived stress as compared to sham acupuncture. This study included 111 participants with high self-reported stress levels who either studied or worked at a large, urban public university in the southwestern United States. However, only 62 participants completed the study. The participants were randomized into a verum acupuncture or sham acupuncture group. Both the groups received treatment once a week for 12 weeks. The Cohen’s global measure of perceived stress scale (PSS-14) was completed by each participant prior to treatment, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks, and 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-treatment completion. While participants of both the groups showed a substantial initial decrease in perceived stress scores, at 12 weeks post treatment, the verum acupuncture group showed a significantly greater treatment effect than the sham acupuncture group. This study indicates that acupuncture may be successful in decreasing the perception of stress in students and staff at a large urban university, and this effect persists for at least 3 months after the completion of treatment.