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Real-time state observers based on multibody models and the extended Kalman filter
Javier Cuadrado,Daniel Dopico,Antonio Barreiro,Emma Delgado 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.4
This work is a preliminary study on the use of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the state estimation of multibody systems. The observers based on the EKF are described by first-order differential equations, with independent, non-constrained coordinates. Therefore, it should be investigated how to formulate the equations of motion of the multibody systems so that efficient, robust and accurate observers can be derived, which can serve to develop advanced real-time applications. In the paper, two options are considered: a state-space reduction method and the penalty method. Both methods are tested on a four-bar mechanism with a linear spring-damper. The results enable us to analyze the pros and cons of each method and provide clues for future research.
Elisa Cuadrado-Godia,Pratistha Dwivedi,Sanjiv Sharma,Angel Ois Santiago,Jaume Roquer Gonzalez,Mercedes Balcells,John Laird,Monika Turk,Harman S. Suri,Andrew Nicolaides,Luca Saba,Narendra N. Khanna,Jas 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) has a crucial role in lacunar stroke and brain hemorrhages and is a leading cause of cognitive decline and functional loss in elderly patients. Based on underlying pathophysiology, cSVD can be subdivided into amyloidal and non-amyloidal subtypes. Genetic factors of cSVD play a pivotal role in terms of unraveling molecular mechanism. An important pathophysiological mechanism of cSVD is blood-brain barrier leakage and endothelium dysfunction which gives a clue in identification of the disease through circulating biological markers. Detection of cSVD is routinely carried out by key neuroimaging markers including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, small subcortical infarcts, perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy. Application of neural networking, machine learning and deep learning in image processing have increased significantly for correct severity of cSVD. A linkage between cSVD and other neurological disorder, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and non-cerebral disease, has also been investigated recently. This review draws a broad picture of cSVD, aiming to inculcate new insights into its pathogenesis and biomarkers. It also focuses on the role of deep machine strategies and other dimensions of cSVD by linking it with several cerebral and non-cerebral diseases as well as recent advances in the field to achieve sensitive detection, effective prevention and disease management.
Modeling the Calculation of Lateral Accelerations in Railway Vehicles as a Tool of Alignment Design
Nasarre, J.,Cuadrado, M.,Requejo, P.Gonzalez,Romo, E.,Zamorano, C. The Korean Society for Railway 2009 International Journal of Railway Vol.2 No.3
Railway track alignment Standards set a minimum lenght value for straight and circular alignments (art. 5.2.9.), in order to ensure passenger ride comfort in railway vehicles of which dynamic oscillations will thus have to be limited. The transitions between alignments can cause abrupt changes (usually called discontinuities or singular points of the alignment) of curvature, of rate of change of curvature or of rate of change of cant. A passenger is likely to experience effects due to the excitation of the elastic suspension of the vehicle which generates oscillations that are damped as the vehicle moves away from the singularity. The amplitude of these oscillations should be adequately attenuated by the damping of the suspension system within the interval between two successive singular points, especially to avoid resonances. Therefore minimum lengths between two successive singular points are stated in alignment standards. Nevertheless, these nonnative values can be overly conservative in some cases. As an alternative, track alignment designers could try to assess how much the excitation has been attenuated between two successive singular points and thus assess at which point a new singularity may be present without affecting ride comfort. Although such assessment can be made with commercial SW packages which simulate the dynamic behavior of a vehicle considered as a set of rigid bodies interconnected with elastic elements simulating the suspension systems (such as SIMPACK, ADAMS or VAMPIRE), a simplified and user-friendly computation method (based upon the analytical solution of differential equations governing the phenomenon) is made available in this paper to track design engineers, not always used to working with full dynamic models.
( Ciudad Mj ),( Cuadrado Ma ),( De Pedro Ja ),( Collado Luis ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Patient Identifi cation and specimen labeling represent one of the most critical area in patient safety and is an increasingly visible mission for clinical laboratories. The aim of this work is to assess patient identifi cation and specimen labeling improvement after implementation projects using longitudinal statistical tools. Methods: Patient/Specimen Identifi cation errors were categorized by a multidisciplinary health care team. They were grouped into 3 categories: A: specimen/requisition mismatch, B: unlabeled Patient Identifi cations, C: Misidentifi cation Patient. These types of identifi cation errors were compared preimplementation and postimplementation for 3 patient safety projects: 1: Developpment of Identifi cation Patient and Specimen Process to follow by all the professionals implied. (2) reorganization of phlebotomy ; (3) introduction of an electronic event reporting system. We use trend analysis and Student t Test Results: Of 46 632 total requests analyzed, requisition mismatches, unlabeled patient Identifi cation and misidentifi cation patient ; represented 1.6/10,000, 5.8/10.000, and 4.1/10.000 of errors, respectively. Student t test showed a signifi cant decrease in the two most serious errors, mislabeled specimens (P < .001) and Misidentifi cation Patient (p< .001) when compared to before implementation. Trend analysis demonstrated decreases in all 3 error types for 18 months. Conclusions: The applied strategies have demonstrated to be effective in the improvement of the identifi cation of the patient in the analytical requests. However, we must continue working in this strategy, with all the implied professionals and trying to reach the objective of which the 100% of the requests they are identifi ed correctly.
KINK WAVES IN AN ACTIVE REGION DYNAMIC FIBRIL
Pietarila, A.,Cuadrado, R. Aznar,Hirzberger, J.,Solanki, S. K. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.739 No.2
<P>We present high spatial and temporal resolution Ca II 8542 angstrom observations of a kink wave in an on-disk chromospheric active region fibril. The properties of the wave are similar to those observed in off-limb spicules. From the observed phase and period of the wave we determine a lower limit for the field strength in the chromospheric active region fibril located at the edge of a sunspot to be a few hundred gauss. We find indications that the event was triggered by a small-scale reconnection event higher up in the atmosphere.</P>
The fire-risks of cost-optimized steel structures: Fire-resistant and hot-rolled carbon steel
Harkaitz García,Jesús Cuadrado,María V. Biezma,Iñigo Calderón 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.78 No.1
This work studies the behaviour of a steel portal frame selection under fire exposure, considering both span lengths and fire exposure times as variables. Such structures combine carbon steel (S275), fireproof micro-alloyed steel (FR), and coatings of intumescent paint with variable thicknesses, improving thereby the flame retardant behaviour of the steel structure. Thus, the main contribution of this study is the optimization of the portal frames by combining both steels, analysing the resulting costs influence on the final dimensions. Besides, the topological optimization of each steel component within the structure is also defined, in accordance with the following variables: weather conditions, span, paint thickness, and cost of steel. The results mainly confirmed that using both FR and S275 grades with intumescent painting is the Pareto optimum when considering performance, feasibility and costs of such portal frames widely used for industrial facilities.
Long-Term Stroke Recurrence after Transient Ischemic Attack: Implications of Etiology
Angel Ois Santiago,Elisa Cuadrado-Godia,Eva Giralt-Steinhauer,Jordi Jimenez-Conde,Carolina Soriano-Tarraga,Ana Rodríguez-Campello,Carla Avellaneda,Diego Cascales,Isabel Fernandez-Perez,Jaume Roquer Go 대한뇌졸중학회 2019 Journal of stroke Vol.21 No.2
Background and Purpose To analyze long-term stroke recurrence (SR) characteristics after transient ischemic attack (TIA) according to initial etiological classification. Methods A prospective cohort of 706 TIA patients was followed up in a single tertiary stroke center. Endpoint was SR. Etiologic subgroup was determined according to the evidence-based causative classification system. Location of TIA and SR was recorded as right, left, or posterior territory. Disability stroke recurrence (DSR) was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >1 or a onepoint increase in those with previous mRS >1 at 3-month follow-up. Results During a follow-up of 3,493 patient-years (mean follow-up of 58.9±35.9 months), total SR was 125 (17.7%), corresponding to 3.6 recurrences per 100 patient-years. The etiology subgroups with a higher risk of SR were the unclassified (more than one cause) and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) categories. Of the SR cases, 88 (70.4%) had the same etiology as the index TIA; again, LAA etiology was the most frequent (83.9%). Notably, cardioaortic embolism was the most frequent cause (62.5%) of SR in the subgroup of 24 patients with undetermined TIA. Overall, SR occurred in the same territory in 74 of 125 patients (59.2%), with significant differences between etiological TIA subgroups (P=0.015). Eighty-two of 125 (65.6%) with SR had DSR, without differences between etiologies (P=0.453). Conclusions SR occurred mainly with the same etiology and location as initial TIA, although undetermined TIA was associated with a high proportion of cardioaortic embolism SR. More than half of the recurrences caused some disability, regardless of etiology.
Dí,ez, Blanca,Cuadrado, Purificació,n,Marcos-Ferná,ndez, Á,ngel,de la Campa, José,G.,Tena, Alberto,Prá,danos, Pedro,Palacio, Laura,Lee, Young Moo,Alvarez, Cristina Elsevier 2018 Reactive & functional polymers Vol.127 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two series of aromatic poly(<I>ortho</I>-hydroxyamide)s (poly(<I>o</I>-hydroxyamide)s, HPAs) were prepared by reaction of two diamines, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (APA) and 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (APAF), with four aromatic diacid chlorides; terephthaloyl dichloride (TPC), isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC), 2,2-bis[4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FC) and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoyl dichloride (DBSC). Amorphous HPAs with high molecular weights (inherent viscosities higher than 0.5 dL/g) and relatively high glass transition temperatures (220–280 °C) were obtained. Dense membranes of HPAs were able to undergo a thermal rearrangement (TR) process to polybenzoxazoles (β-TR-PBOs) heating at moderate temperatures (between 250 and 375 °C), and their complete conversion was reached at a temperature below 375 °C, depending on the <I>o</I>-hydroxy diamine moiety, APA and APAF. The β-TR-PBOs films derived from APAF showed a higher thermal stability and higher Tg than those from APA. Gas separation properties of TR-PBOs membranes were superior to those of their poly(<I>o</I>-hydroxyamide) precursors, particularly for the following gas pairs: O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB>, He/CH<SUB>4</SUB> and He/CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>