General Introduction of American Ginseng Indigenous in USA and Canada

Park,Chung-Heon,Bang,Kyung-Hwan,Park,Chun-Geun,Sung,Jung-Sook,Song,Won-Seob 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is herbaceous perennial plants indigenous to North American forests. This is highly valued as medicinal herbs with a long history of collection from wild populations since 1716. Wild American ginseng distributed from Quebec in Canada to northern Florida in USA. A heavy concentration is found in the Appalachian mountains, although wild American ginseng is considered endangered. The price paid for field cultivated ginseng has dropped dramatically in the past 10 years, while the price for wild or woods cultivated ginseng has rised significantly. The price curve for ginseng resembles a roller coaster, reflecting not only supply and demand but many other factors. This information will be useful to understand American ginseng compared to Korean ginseng.

보문 : Polyethylene Film포장이 포도 Sheridan의 저장력에 미치는 영향

남상영(Sang Young Nam),김경미(Kyoung Mi Kim),박종천(Jong Chun Park),주선종(Seon Jong Joo),정재현(Jai Hyun Jung) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 1997 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The rs196952262 Polymorphism of the AGPAT5 Gene is Associated with Meat Quality in Berkshire Pigs

Woo Bum Park,Sang Mi An,Go Eun Yu,Seulgi Kwon,Jung Hye Hwang,Da Hye Park,Deok Gyeong Kang,Tae Wan Kim. Hwa Chun Park1. Jeongim Ha*.,Chul Wook Kim* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6

High-quality meat is of great economic importance to the pig industry. The 1-acylglycerol-3- phosphate-O-acyltransferase 5 (AGPAT5) enzyme converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid in the mitochondrial membrane. In this study, we found that the porcine AGPAT5 gene was highly expressed in muscle tissue, influencing meat characteristics, and we also identified a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) (rs196952262, c.673 A>G) in the gene, associated with a change of isoleucine 225 to valine. The presence of this nsSNP was significantly associated with meat color (lightness), lower cooking loss, and lower carcass temperatures 1, 4, and 12 h after slaughter (items T1, T4, and T12 on the recognized quality scale, respectively), and tended to increase backfat thickness and the waterholding capacity. These results suggest that nsSNP (c.673A>G) of the AGPAT5 gene is a potential genetic marker of high meat quality in pigs.

자궁의 동정맥기형에 의한 제왕절개술 후 질출혈

전영은 ( Young Eun Jeon ),윤명근 ( Myoung Kun Yoon ),김성주 ( Sung Joo Kim ),장봉림 ( Pong Rheem Jang ),강정배 ( Jung Bae Kang ),박영한 ( Young Han Park1 ),임채춘 ( Chae Chun Rhim ),민수기 ( Soo Kee Min ) 대한주산의학회 2006 Perinatology Vol.17 No.1

Uterine arteriovenous malformations are very rare but potentially life threatening lesions. These lesions may be congenital or acquired, but especially occur in patients with a history of curettage, abortion or pregnancy. Color doppler ultrasonography is the preferred method of diagnosing of arteriovenous malformations. In many cases, hysterectomies are performed. But if patients want pregnancies, embolization therapy and conservative treatment are effective therapy. We have experienced a clinical case of uterine arteriovenous malformation, which is presented with a brief review of literature.

초등학교 고학년 학생의 기본 심폐소생술에 대한 지식 및태도가 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

전영미 ( Young Mi Chun ),박선희 ( Sun Hee Park ),박상연 ( Sang Youn Park ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2013 동서간호학연구지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구 결과 일반적 특성에 따른 심폐소생술에 대한 지식은 나이, 학년, 심폐소생술에 대해 들어본 정도에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 초등학생을 대상으로 한 Lee와 Park (2010)의 연구에서는 1년 이내 교육유무에 따라 심폐소생술의 지식 차이가 있다고 보고하였는데 이러한 결과는 2009년부터 초등학교 5,6학년의 보건교육이 의무 재량화(Health Education Forum, 2008)됨에 따라 심폐소생술의 교육 기회가 이전보다 증가하여 초등학생의 심폐소생술에 대한 인식 정도와 교육에 따른 지식에 차이가 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 한편, 중학생을 대상으로 한 Jeon (2008)의 연구에서는 지식에 유의한 차이를 보인 변수가 없었고, 간호대학생을 대상으로 한 Ahn과 Cho (2009)의 연구에서는 심폐소생술 교육제공자, 심폐소생술 교육 후 경과 기간, 심폐소생술 교육 후 평가방법, 교육 이수증 또는 자격증 소지 유무에 따라 차이를 보여 각 연구마다 다른 결과를 보였다. 이를 종합해 보면, 각 연구들이 교육과 관련된 변수를 통제하지 않은 상태에서 지식을 측정한 것으로 대상자의 나이와 환경 및 개인적 경험에 따라 결과의 차이가 나타난 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 각 대상자별 특성에 맞는 심폐소생술 교육프로그램을 제작하고 교육기회를 확대하여 심폐소생술에 대해 올바른 지식을 가질 수 있도록 할 필요가 있겠다.태도에서는 교육경험과 심폐소생술에 대해 들어본 정도가 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 심폐소생술에 대해 많이 들어본 경우가 몇 번 들어본 경우보다 심폐소생술에 대한 태도가 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. Lee와 Park (2010)의 연구에서는 정보습득, 정보습득방법, 심폐소생술 경험유무, 1년 내 교육유무, 향후 교육의향, 교육희망기관에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, Park, Kim과 Cha (2010)는 학년, 성별, 종교유무, 교육경험에서 유의하게 나타나 본 연구결과와 일부 유사하였다. 이와 같이 태도에 유의한 변수는 각 연구마다 측정도구와 대상자의 특성에 따라 차이가 있지만 대체적으로 심폐소생술에 대한 교육을 통해 심폐소생술을 인식한 경우 태도가 긍정적임을 알 수 있으므로 초등학생을 대상으로 한 수준에 맞는 알기 쉽고 체계화 된 교육이 필요할 것이다.자기효능감에서는 종교유무, 교육경험, 심폐소생술에 대해 들어본 정도가 유의하였다. Park 등(2010)의 연구에서는 학년, 성별, 교육경험이 수행자신감에 유의한 차이를 보였고, Lee와 Park (2010)의 연구에서도 1년 내 교육유무, 정보습득유무, 정보습득방법 등에 따라 자신감에 차이를 보여 본 연구결과와 맥락을 같이 한다. 이는 성인에 비해 초등학생은 동기유발이나 교육의 연속성 유지가 쉽고(Park et al., 2006), 교육에 대한 이해도나 관심도, 지식, 술기 평가에서 고등학생보다 높은 점수를 나타낸 것(Kwon, 2005) 등으로도 설명된다. 이러한 점을 고려할 때, 교육효과의 지속성과 높은 자기효능감 유지를 위해서는 규칙적인 교육 일정을 통한 반복학습이 중요할 것이다.기본 심폐소생술에 대한 지식정도는 평균보다 약간 높게 나타났는데, 이를 100점 만점으로 환산했을 때 55.8점이었다. 그러나 본 연구 대상자와 특성이 유사한 초등학생을 대상으로 한 Lee와 Park (2010)의 연구에서는 남학생 78.6점, 여학생 75.2점으로 본 연구결과와 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이는 본 연구에서 사용한 도구가 개정된 2010 가이드라인을 이용한 것으로 아직 변경된 부분에 대한 교육이 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있거나 이전에 알고 있던 지식과 혼동되어 생긴 결과라고 생각한다. 그러므로 이전에 기본심폐소생술 교육을 받았던 학생이더라도 2010 가이드라인을 이용하여 변경된 부분에 중점을 둔 재교육이 필요하겠다.기본 심폐소생술에 대한 태도점수는 평균이상이었으나 표준 점수로 환산하여 비교했을 때 초등학생을 대상으로 한 선행연구(Lee & Park, 2010; Park et al., 2010) 결과보다는 낮게 나타났다. 자기효능감에 있어서도 평균수준을 보여 선행연구에 비해 낮게 나타났는데, 태도나 자기효능감은 주관적인 것으로 대상자의 개별적인 상황이나 경험에 따라 차이를 보일 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 초등학생의 기본심폐소생술에 대한 지식, 태도, 실기 수행능력은 시간이 지날수록 낮아지는 경향이 있다는 Kim (2008)의 연구결과를 고려한다면 이론과 실습을 병행한 지속적인 학습이 궁극적으로는 심폐소생술에 대한 긍정적인 태도와 자기효능감을 높이는데 기여할 수 있으리라 생각한다.심폐소생술에 대한 지식, 태도, 자기효능감의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 세 변수 모두 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 태도는 자기효능감에 높은 양의 상관관계를 보여 Lee와 Park (2010)과 Park 등(2010)의 연구결과와 유사하다. 간호대학생을 대상으로 한 Park 등(2008)의 연구에서도 지식, 태도, 수행자신감 사이에 양의 상관관계를 보고하였다. 그러므로 심폐소생술에 대한 자기효능감을 높이기 위해서는 심폐소생술에 대한 긍정적인 태도와 정확한지식을 가질 수 있도록 대상자 수준에 맞는 교육이 요구된다.자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 심폐소생술에 대한 태도, 종교, 심폐소생술에 대해 들어본 정도, 지식으로 나타났다. 즉, 심폐소생술에 대한 태도가 긍정적일수록, 심폐소생술에 대해 들어 본 경험이 많을수록, 심폐소생술에 대한 지식점수가 높을수록 자기효능감이 높게 나타났고, 종교는 없는 경우가 자기효능감이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 초등학생을 대상으로 심폐소생술의 자기효능감에 미치는 영향요인을 연구한 선행연구가 없어서 직접적인 비교는 할 수 없지만 초등학생을 대상으로 한 Lee와 Park (2010)의 연구에서는 태도가 심폐소생술 자신감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 보고하였고, Park 등(2010)은 태도와 인식을 수행자신감의 영향요인으로 보고하여 본 연구결과와 맥락을 같이 한다. 간호대학생을 대상으로 한 Kim과 Lee (2011)는 심폐소생술 실습교육이 수행능력과 자기효능감을 향상시킨다고 하였다. 이를 종합해 보면, 초등학생의 심폐소생술에 대한 자기효능감을 증진시키기 위해서는 적절한 교육을 통해 심폐소생술에 대해 올바르게 인식하고 개정된 가이드라인에 대한 정확한 지식을 갖도록 하며 심폐소생술에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 유지할 수 있도록 격려하는 것이 중요할 것이라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of knowledge and attitude on self efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the fifth and the sixth grade of elementary school students. Methods: The participants were 242 elementary school students from A city. Data were collected from August 26 to August 27, 2013 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS/WIN 19.0 using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Factors affecting on self efficacy to CPR were attitude (β=.54), religion (β=-.16), recognition (β=.15) and knowledge (β=.13). These factors explain 47.0% of the variance in self efficacy. Conclusion: The results of this study show that attitude to CPR has the strongest influence on efficacy. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that customized programs and further research by using 2010 guideline are needed to develop for elementary school students.

Thoracic and lumbar laminoplasty using a translaminar screw: morphometric study and technique

Park, Sung Bae,Jahng, Tae-Ahn,Kim, Chi Heon,Chung, Chun Kee Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group 2009 Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Vol.10 No.6

<B>Object</B><P>The aim of this study was to describe a novel technique for laminoplasty in which translaminar screws are used in the thoracic and lumbar spine.</P><B>Methods</B><P>The authors first performed a morphometric study in 20 control individuals using 3D reconstructed CT scans and spine simulation software to measure the lengths and diameters of the spaces available for translaminar screw placement from the T-1 to S-1.</P><P>Based on the results of the morphometric study, the authors then attempted translaminar screw fixation in 5 patients (April 2007-July 2007) after en bloc laminectomy in the thoracic and lumbar regions. All patients had intradural lesions: 3 schwannomas, 1 cavernoma, and 1 arachnoid cyst.</P><B>Results</B><P>The morphometric study in control individuals revealed that the safe trajectories for simulated screws measured 25-30 mm in length and 8-11 mm in diameter in the thoracic region (T1-12) and 26-34 mm in length and 6-7 mm in diameter in the lumbosacral region (L1-S1). This morphometric and simulation study showed that translaminar screw placement would be possible in practice.</P><P>Five patients underwent en bloc laminoplasty and translaminar screw fixation in which the screws measured 2.7 mm in diameter and 24 or 26 mm in length. Sixteen attempts at translaminar fixation were made in 8 vertebrae. Fourteen translaminar screws were successfully placed at the thoracic and lumbar levels. Two microplates had to be used because the laminae were too thin and narrow after further laminectomy with undercutting. There were no complications associated with the translaminar screws.</P><P>The mean follow-up period was 14.5 months. There was no screw breakage or displacement. Solid osseous fusion was documented in 2 patients who underwent CT scanning 15 months postoperatively.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>The authors found that the laminoplasty and translaminar screw technique is feasible in the thoracic and lumbar regions, but further studies are needed to analyze the biomechanical effects and long-term outcomes in a large number of patients.</P>

Cholesterol depletion induces anoikis-like apoptosis via FAK down-regulation and caveolae internalization

Park, Eun-Kyung,Park, Mi Jung,Lee, Seong-Hee,Li, Ying Chun,Kim, Jungeun,Lee, Jae-Seon,Lee, Jung Weon,Ye, Sang-Kyu,Park, Jong-Wan,Kim, Chul-Woo,Park, Byung-Kiu,Kim, Yong-Nyun John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 The Journal of pathology Vol.218 No.3

<P>Caveolae (lipid rafts), microdomains of the plasma membrane, are known to contain various signalling molecules and consequently are involved in the regulation of many biological functions. To investigate the role of the caveolae in cell survival and adhesion, we disrupted the caveolae by depletion of cholesterol, a major lipid component of the caveolae, with methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment of A431 cells. We found that cholesterol depletion induced an anoikis-like cell death involving actin reorganization, resulting in a decrease in cell spreading and an increase in cell detachment, which was reversed by cholesterol addition. Disruption of caveolae led to the down-regulation of FAK, Src activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and mobilization of caveolae markers, GM1 and caveolin-1, from the cell surface to the cytoplasm, which were also recovered by cholesterol addition. The expression of dominant-active FAK was able to delay caveolae internalization and apoptosis and attenuated Akt inactivation by MβCD, whereas dominant-negative FAK expression resulted in enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, FAK down-regulation by si-RNA resulted in Akt inactivation and thus increased cell death by MβCD treatment. Our results suggest that the cholesterol content and/or surface levels of the caveolae affect the activity of FAK, which in turn regulates caveolae internalization and cell survival. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs after neocortical epilepsy surgery

Park, Kyung-Il,Lee, Sang Kun,Chu, Kon,Jung, Keun-Hwa,Bae, Eun-Kee,Kim, Jin-Soo,Lee, Jung Ju,Lee, Seo-Young,Chung, Chun Kee Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Annals of Neurology Vol.67 No.2

<B>Objective</B><P>This study investigated the prevalence of successful antiepileptic drug withdrawal and identified predictors of seizure recurrence after antiepileptic drug reduction following resectional operation for intractable neocortical epilepsy.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We retrospectively assessed 223 patients (100 with neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy, 69 with frontal lobe epilepsy, 23 with parietal lobe epilepsy, 25 with occipital lobe epilepsy, and 6 with multifocal epilepsy) who underwent surgery. The mean period of observation was 84.4 months (range, 24–152 months) after surgery and 72.6 months (range, 12–138 months) after initial reduction. Clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical parameters were evaluated for their potential to predict recurrence associated with antiepileptic drug withdrawal.</P><B>Results</B><P>Antiepileptic drug reduction was attempted in 147 patients (65.9%), 78 (53.1%) of whom had seizure recurrence after initial reduction. Discontinuation was achieved in 73 patients (32.7%), and 59 (80.8%) of these remained seizure free until final assessment. Multivariate analysis revealed that early drug tapering, normal magnetic resonance imaging results, seizure before reduction, and longer epilepsy duration were associated with recurrence. Finally, 27.4% of patients were seizure free without drugs, and 26.9% were seizure free with drugs. Compared with preoperative status, the number of antiepileptic drugs needed decreased in 50.7% of patients, did not change in 19.3%, and increased in 30.0% after surgery.</P><B>Interpretation</B><P>The complete-cure rate of intractable neocortical epilepsy by resectional surgery was 27.4%. When patients undertake early tapering, and have normal magnetic resonance imaging results, seizure before reduction, and longer disease duration, further withdrawal should be done cautiously because of the high risk of relapse. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:230–238</P>

Anodized Nanoporous Alumina Substrates and their Application to the Immobilization of Photocatalytic ZnO Nanopowders

Sung Park,Jin Young Park,Hong Sick Kim,Jae Chun Lee,Ju-Hyeon Lee 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

MRI features of skeletal muscle lymphoma.

Chun, Chang Woo,Jee, Won-Hee,Park, Hye Jung,Kim, Yeo Joo,Park, Jeong-Mi,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Park, Sung-Hwan American Roentgen Ray Society, etc.] 2010 American Journal of Roentgenology Vol.195 No.6

<P>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the MRI findings of skeletal muscle lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of pathologically proven lymphoma of skeletal muscle in 20 patients were retrospectively reviewed for the presence or absence of individual imaging findings. Nine patients had primary muscle lymphoma, and 11 patients had muscle metastasis from systemic lymphoma. RESULTS: The initial manifestation of skeletal muscle lymphoma was a muscle mass in 15 patients (75%) and abnormal muscle signal intensity in five patients (25%). Muscle enlargement was found in all cases. Long segmental involvement with orientation of the tumor along muscle fascicles was found in 15 patients (75%). Seventeen patients (85%) had traversing vessels within involved muscles. All of the tumors had equal to slightly increased signal intensity compared with normal muscle on T1-weighted images and intermediate signal intensity compared with fat on T2-weighted images. Among the 19 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced imaging, skeletal muscle lymphoma exhibited diffuse homogeneous enhancement in 13 patients (68%), predominantly peripheral thick bandlike enhancement in four patients (21%), and marginal septal enhancement in two patients (11%). Thick irregular enhancement of both deep and superficial fascia was found in 16 patients (84%), and one patient (5%) had deep enhancement only. Subcutaneous stranding was found in 16 patients (80%) and skin thickening in four patients (20%). CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle lymphoma has distinctive MRI features that help differentiate it from other soft-tissue tumors and tumorlike lesions.</P>