The Elementary Skill Theme Approach Utilizing Minimal Equipment

Christopher R. Gentry,소호성 상명대학교 글로벌문화예술교육연구소 2019 Research in Dance and Physical Activity Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the readers to how to teach using Graham’s (1980) Skill-Themes Approach, which focuses on skill themes and movement concepts, with minimal to no equipment in the elementary setting. The Skill Theme Approach describes both content (what is being taught) and pedagogy (how it is being taught). Today, many elementary physical education teachers are asked to teach large class sizes with minimal equipment. In addition to these conditions, teachers are also tasked with challenging and motivating students in movement settings where many may feel uncomfortable participating while being observed by peers. Dealing with such challenges can be daunting, but the Skill-Themes Approach provides teachers with a purposeful, less intimidating method to introducing fundamental movements and skills while providing a strong foundation for competence and confidence in many different physical activities and exercise forms encountered throughout school and beyond. In addition, such an approach allows for teacher creativity when equipment is limited. This paper highlights the four aspects of Laban’s movement concepts (body, space, effort, and relationships), skill themes (locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills) and organization of activities with less-expensive equipment items such as but not limited to beanbags and tape. In addition, teachers teaching physical education, movement, physical activities, and dance are introduced to how a skill theme and movement concept approach will allow for development in less intimidating settings that focus on individual or small group tasks. Final recommendations are included to address a potential progression of activities throughout the elementary experience including combination of skills and movements, student creativity, and quality of movement. Connections can and should be made as to how such an approach matches well with a standards based curriculum. The paper also emphasizes that teaching by themes is an efficient way to improve the transition from basic skills and movements to those movements that are more complex later in life, referred to the primary concepts of Graham’s (1980) “children moving” and Schmidt’s (1977) “schema theory”.

Native Begonias and Impatiens, Great Horticultural Potentials of Sw Cameroon

Christopher Tangi. Fominyam Nj,David Tay 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

The Interaction of Cognitive Interference, Standing Surface, and Fatigue on Lower Extremity Muscle Activity

Christopher M. Hill,Hunter DeBusk,Jeffrey D. Simpson,Brandon L. Miller,Adam C. Knight,John C. Garner,Chip Wade,Harish Chander 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3

Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a 2×2×3 withinsubject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.

Modeling and Input Shaping Control of a Micro Coaxial Radio-Controlled Helicopter Carrying a Suspended Load

Christopher Adams,James Potter,William Singhose 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Helicopters are often used to transport supplies and equipment to hard-to-reach areas. When a load is carried via suspension cables below a helicopter, the load oscillates in response to helicopter motion and external disturbances, such as wind. This oscillation is dangerous and adversely affects control of the helicopter, especially when carrying heavy loads. To provide better control over the helicopter, one approach is to suppress the load swing dynamics using a command-filtering method called input shaping. This approach does not require real-time measurement or estimation of the load states. A simple model of a helicopter carrying a suspended load is developed and experimentally verified on a micro coaxial radio-controlled helicopter. In addition, the effectiveness of input shaping at eliminating suspended load oscillation is demonstrated on the helicopter. The proposed model may assist with the design of input-shaping controllers for a wide array of helicopters carrying suspended loads.

D. H. Lawrence and Judith Wright; Overlapping Modernisms

Christopher Pollnitz 한국로렌스학회 2012 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.20 No.2

The Effects of Structure on Participation: Informal Cooperative Learning in Small Groups

Christopher Lange,Jamie Costley 공주대학교 교육연구소 2014 교육연구 Vol.28 No.2

This study examines the use of structure within informal cooperative learning group work as well as participation that occurs within such group work. The structures of various cooperative learning techniques including Numbered Heads Together, Think-Pair-Share, Think-Pair-Share/Jigsaw, and Jigsaw are compared based on the nature and levels of participation they elicit. The varying structures of these techniques are analyzed to explore the possibility that more structure in specific techniques can lead to increased levels of participation as well as more even participation among group members. Quantitative research was conducted to analyze the cause and effect of variables in order to examine the relationship of the structuring of these techniques with participation output of students in informal cooperative learning groups. The results of this study appear to favor the Think-Pair-Share related techniques over the non-Think-Pair-Share related techniques in regards to equality of participation, number of words per group, number of words per student, and number of words per turn taken. These results are analyzed and implications are made to suggest further research.

Core Strengths as a Leader in Biosimilars

Christopher Hansung KO 한국생물공학회 2019 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.4

Programmable Plant-Microbe Communication: Creating Self-fertilizing Crops

Christopher A. VOIGT 한국생물공학회 2023 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

Aspirin Use Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients

Christopher Johns,Allen Yen,Asal Rahimi,Yu-Lun Liu,Ann Marilyn Leitch,Ann Spangler,Prasanna Alluri,Chika Nwachukwu,Rachel Wooldridge,Deborah Farr,D. W. Nathan Kim 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer and has a high propensity for distant metastases. Our previous data suggested that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) use may be associated with reduced risk of distant metastases in aggressive breast cancer; however, there are no reported studies on the potential benefit of ASA use in patients with IBC. Methods: Data from patients with non-metastatic IBC treated between 2000–2017 at two institutions, were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify significant associated factors. Results: Of 59 patients meeting the criteria for analysis and available for review, 14 ASA users were identified. ASA users demonstrated increased OS (p = 0.03) and DMFS (p = 0.02), with 5-year OS and DMFS of 92% (p = 0.01) and 85% (p = 0.01) compared to 51% and 43%, respectively, for non-ASA users. In univariate analysis, pT stage, pN stage, and ASA use were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with OS and DFS. On multivariable analysis, ASA use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.8) and lymph node stage (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4–25.9) remained significant for OS and DFS ASA use (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.56) and lymph node stage (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.9–16.4). Conclusion: ASA use during remission was associated with significantly improved OS and DMFS in patients with IBC. These results suggest that ASA may provide survival benefits to patients with IBC. Prospective clinical trials of ASA use in patients with high-risk IBC in remission should be considered.

일본과 한국에서의 시민의 의무감과 투표 참여

( Christopher H. Achen ),( Aram Hur ) 한국선거학회 2011 선거연구 Vol.1 No.2

민주 정부는 균형 잡히고 공정한 선거 결과를 위해 모든 시민에 의한 참여에 의존하고 있다. 그렇다면 이러한 ``민주주의 건강``에 있어서의 핵심 요소인 투표 참여를 유지하는 것은 무엇인가? 시민의 의무감은 유권자를 투표장으로 가게 만드는 강력한 요인이지만, 경험적 연구에서 자주 오해되거나 혹은 경시되어 왔다. 이와는 대조적으로, 정치이론가들은 민주시민의 다양한 의무에 대해 많은 연구를 수행해 왔다. 의무에 대한 정치이론가들의 분석에 바탕하여 만들어진 새로운 통계적 모형이 일본과 한국에서의 투표참여율에 대한 우리의 이해를 더욱 증진시켜준다는 사실을 본 연구는 보여주고 있다. Democratic governments rely on participation by all citizens for balanced and equitable election outcomes. What maintains voter turnout, this central aspect of democratic health? Civic duty is a powerful force in getting citizens to the polls, and yet it has often been misunderstood or neglected in empirical studies. By contrast, political theory has developed a rich literature on the obligations of democratic citizens. We show that a new statistical model based on political theorists` analysis of duty substantially improves the understanding of turnout in Japan and South Korea.