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Christen E. Chalmers,David J. Wright,Nilay A. Patel,Hunter Hitchens,Michelle McGarry,Thay Q. Lee,John A. Scolaro 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Background: Muscular forces drive proximal humeral fracture deformity, yet it is unknown if arm position can help mitigate such forces. Our hypothesis was that glenohumeral abduction and humeral internal rotation decrease the pull of the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles, minimizing varus fracture deformity. Methods: A medial wedge osteotomy was performed in eight cadaveric shoulders to simulate a two-part fracture. The specimens were tested on a custom shoulder testing system. Humeral head varus was measured following physiologic muscle loading at neutral and 20° humeral internal rotation at both 0° and 20° glenohumeral abduction. Results: There was a significant decrease in varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at 20° abduction. Significantly increasing humeral internal rotation decreased varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at both abduction angles and that caused by the supraspinatus (p<0.05) and infraspinatus (p<0.05) at 0° abduction only. Conclusions: Postoperative shoulder abduction and internal rotation can be protective against varus failure following proximal humeral fracture fixation as these positions decrease tension on the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. Use of a resting sling that places the shoulder in this position should be considered.
Gregory Bearman,William A. Christens-Barry 한국성서고고학회 2015 성경과 고고학 Vol.- No.84
고대본문들(ancient texts)을 유추하는 수단으로, 도편(ostraca)에 대한 적외선 이미지화는 판독(readings)을 향상시키는데 도움을 주기 위해 오랫동안 이용되어왔다. 이 보고서는 가시적인 근적외선에 걸친 광범위한 스펙트럼 영상에 관해 보고한다. 스펙트럼 영상은 한 이미지 안에 있는 각각의 화소(pixel)깨문에 완전한 스펙트럼을 얻는다. 이 자료는 본래 인공위성과 과학적 영상을 위해 개발되어진 광범위한 소프트웨어 장치들과 함께 사용괼 수 있ㄷ. 이 경우에 스펙트럼 자료는 적외선 영상이 왜 문자들을 읽어내기 쉽게 해주는지 그리고 어떤 경우들에는 그렇게 못하는지를 설명해준다. 근본적인 영상 매커니즘에 대한 깊은 이해가 현장이나 박물관에서 자료를 얻기 위한 비싸지 않은 방법들을 제시해준다.
Eun Ju Cho,Christen Y.L. Yuen,Byung-Ho Kang,Christine A. Ondzighi,L. Andrew Staehelin,David A. Christopher 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.5
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a thiodisulfide oxidoreductase that catalyzes the formation, reduction and rearrangement of disulfide bonds in proteins of eukaryotes. The classical PDI has a signal peptide, two CXXCcontaining thioredoxin catalytic sites (a,a′), two noncatalytic thioredoxin fold domains (b,b′), an acidic domain (c)and a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal. Although PDI resides in the ER where it mediates the folding of nascent polypeptides of the secretory pathway,we recently showed that PDI5 of Arabidopsis thaliana chaperones and inhibits cysteine proteases during trafficking to vacuoles prior to programmed cell death of the endothelium in developing seeds. Here we describe Arabidopsis PDI2, which shares a primary structure similar to that of classical PDI. Recombinant PDI2 is imported into ER-derived microsomes and complements the E. coli protein-folding mutant, dsbA. PDI2 interacted with proteins in both the ER and nucleus, including ER-resident protein folding chaperone, BiP1, and nuclear embryo transcription factor, MEE8. The PDI2-MEE8 interaction was confirmed to occur in vitro and in vivo. Transient expression of PDI2-GFP fusions in mesophyll protoplasts resulted in labeling of the ER, nucleus and vacuole. PDI2 is expressed in multiple tissues, with relatively high expression in seeds and root tips. Immunoelectron microscopy with GFP- and PDI2-specific antisera on transgenic seeds (PDI2-GFP) and wild type roots demonstrated that PDI2 was found in the secretory pathway (ER, Golgi, vacuole, cell wall) and the nuclei. Our results indicate that PDI2 mediates protein folding in the ER and has new functional roles in the nucleus.
Simulation of Pesticide Fate and Transport in Drainage Channels
Chung, Sang-Ok,Park, Ki-Jung,Christen, E.W. The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 2005 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.47 No.7
Contamination in the drainage channels and creeks with pesticides used in agriculture is of a major concern in many countries. In this study the stream pesticide model RIVWQ (chemical transport model for riverine environments) was assessed for its applicability in simulating pesticide fate in drainage channels. The model was successfully calibrated against field data collected on flows and pesticide concentrations for a drainage channel from a small catchment in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of southwestern New South Wales. The effects of different pesticide loading scenarios from farm fields on channel water quality were analysed by the calibrated model. The model simulated the flow rates and the pesticide concentrations in the drainage channel well. The results of the model simulation suggest that the RIVWQ model can be effectively used for predicting pesticide fate in the drainage channels and exposure assessment of pesticide in the agricultural environment.
Michelle Foo,Yifan Ren,Jay Gajera,Christen D Barras,Hong Kuan Kok,Ashu Jhamb,Hussein Abbouchie,Julian Maingard,Duncan Mark Brooks,Hamed Asadi 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.3
Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an established treatment for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy. A variety of techniques and devices have been devised to minimise periprocedural stroke risk using either proximal or distal embolic protection. This study presents a method of embolic protection during CAS–the CaRotid Artery Filtering Technique (CRAFT). Materials and Methods: The CRAFT technique employs aspects of both proximal and distal embolic protection. The CASPER RX stent (MicroVention, Tustin, CA, USA), which is a double-layered, closed-cell, micromesh nitinol stent, is deployed across the carotid artery stenosis with the assistance of a FlowGate balloon guide catheter (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, USA). The partially deployed stent acts as a distal filter while the balloon guide is deflated midway during stent deployment to prevent distal plaque embolisation, followed by completion of stent deployment and angioplasty. Results: A total of 94 patients underwent CAS using the CRAFT technique between June 2016 and March 2021. Successful stent deployment was achieved in all patients. Preliminary results demonstrated acute stent occlusion in 6 patients (6.4%) and distal embolic stroke in 5 patients (5.3%). The median procedural fluoroscopy time was 34 minutes with an interquartile range of 22 to 55 minutes. Conclusion: The CRAFT technique of CAS presented by this study can be applied in the treatment of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis in both emergency and elective procedure settings with a high technical success and low distal embolic stroke risk.
Clinical and preclinical tolerance protocols for vascularized composite allograft transplantation
Jerry Huanda Yang,Ariel C. Johnson,Salih Colakoglu,Christene A. Huang,David Woodbridge Mathes 대한성형외과학회 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.6
The field of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) has undergone significant advancement in recent decades, and VCAs are increasingly common and accepted in the clinical setting, bringing hope of functional recovery to patients with debilitating injuries. A major obstacle facing the widespread application of VCAs is the side effect profile associated with the current immunosuppressive regimen, which can cause a wide array of complications such as infection, malignancy, and even death. Significant concerns remain regarding whether the treatment outweighs the risk. The potential solution to this dilemma would be achieving VCA tolerance, which would allow recipients to receive allografts without significant immunosuppression and its sequelae. Promising tolerance protocols are being studied in kidney transplantation; four major trials have attempted to withdraw immunosuppressive treatment with various successes. The common theme in all four trials is the use of radiation treatment and donor cell transplantation. The knowledge gained from these trials can provide valuable insight into the development of a VCA tolerance protocol. Despite similarities, VCAs present additional barriers compared to kidney allografts regarding tolerance induction. VCA donors are likely to be deceased, which limits the time for significant pre-conditioning. VCA donors are also more likely to be human leukocyte antigen–mismatched, which means that tolerance must be induced across major immunological barriers. This review also explores adjunct therapies studied in large animal models that could be the missing element in establishing a safe and stable tolerance induction method.
Kim, Young-Min,He, Jun,Biegalski, Michael D.,Ambaye, Hailemariam,Lauter, Valeria,Christen, Hans M.,Pantelides, Sokrates T.,Pennycook, Stephen J.,Kalinin, Sergei V.,Borisevich, Albina Y. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.11 No.10
Oxygen vacancy distributions and dynamics directly control the operation of solid-oxide fuel cells and are intrinsically coupled with magnetic, electronic and transport properties of oxides. For understanding the atomistic mechanisms involved during operation of the cell it is highly desirable to know the distribution of vacancies on the unit-cell scale. Here, we develop an approach for direct mapping of oxygen vacancy concentrations based on local lattice parameter measurements by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The concept of chemical expansivity is demonstrated to be applicable on the subunit-cell level: local stoichiometry variations produce local lattice expansion that can be quantified. This approach was successfully applied to lanthanum strontium cobaltite thin films epitaxially grown on substrates of different symmetry, where polarized neutron reflectometry revealed a strong difference in magnetic properties. The different vacancy content found in the two films suggests the change in oxygen chemical potential as a source of distinct magnetic properties, opening pathways for structural tuning of the vacancy concentrations and their gradients.