다공성 물질을 이용한 인장센서 개발

이청환(Cheong hwan Lee),심재술(Jae sool Shim),정재훈(Jaehun Chung),양민식(Minsik Yang) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.7

범죄 발생에 미치는 환경적 요인에 관한 연구 : 폭력, 가정폭력, 성폭력, 절도를 중심으로

최재훈 ( Jaehun Choi ),박정선 ( Cheong Sun Park ) 대한범죄학회 2018 한국범죄학 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 사회환경적 요인과 자연환경적 요인이 범죄발생에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 2016년 6월부터 2017년 5월까지 특정 광역지방자치단체 관할의 지방경찰청에 접수된 112신고내역을 이용하여 연구모형을 설계하였다. 사회환경적 요인으로 빈곤, 주거의 이동성, 민족적 이질성, 인구밀도, 주거형태, 1인가구비율을 사용하고, 자연환경적 요인으로 시간, 요일, 계절, 기온, 강수량, 풍속 등의 변수를 이용하여 폭력, 가정폭력, 성폭력, 절도 발생을 설명하였다. 사회환경적 요인 중 빈곤, 주거형태는 모든 범죄유형에서 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 주거불안정성과 민족적 이질성은 유의미한 관계가 나타나지 않아 사회해체이론의 핵심 세 변수 가운데 빈곤만이 유의미한 효과를 보이는 한계를 보였다. 또한 인구밀도와 1인가구비율의 영향력도 범죄의 종류에 따라 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 자연환경적 요인에서는 대부분의 범죄가 낮보다는 밤에, 평일보다는 휴일에 더 많이 발생하고 기온이 높을수록 발생빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성폭력과 절도 범죄는 여름과 같이 극도로 기온이 높아지는 경우에 오히려 줄어들어 온도와 공격성의 관계가 비선형관계임이 일부 확인되었다. 가정폭력의 경우에는 여름보다는 가을과 겨울에, 절도는 밤보다는 낮에 많이 발생하였다. 이는 자연환경적 요인 또한 모든 범죄에 획일적으로 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 범죄의 양태에 따라 달라지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social-environmental factors and natural-environmental factors on the occurrence of crime by using the police call reports that are offered from a provincial police agency in Korea, from June 2016 to May 2017. To explain the occurrence of violence, domestic violence, sexual violence and theft, we classified variables into two types. First, we used poverty, residential mobility, ethnic heterogeneity, population density, residential type and proportion of single households as explanatory variables for social environmental factors, whereas time, day, season, temperature, precipitation and wind flow velocity are used as explanatory variables for natural environmental factors. Results showed that among social environment factors, poverty and household type have a significant effect on all types of crime, whereas there is no meaningful relationship between residential mobility, ethnic heterogeneity and crimes. These findings show that overall generalization of the social disorganization theory cannot be fully supported. Meanwhile, we identified that the variables of population density and the proportion of single households have differential effects on the different forms of crimes. In the natural environment setting, most of the crimes occurred more at night than during the day, on holidays than on weekdays, and higher the temperatures, so does the incidence of crimes. However, in the crimes of sexual violence and theft, decline in the incidence of crimes were found which suggests that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables of temperature and aggression. On the other hand, domestic violence were more frequent in autumn and winter season than in summer, and theft was more frequent during the day than at night. This is because natural environmental factors also affect differently on different types of crimes rather than affect consistently on all forms of crimes. Based on these findings, we could derive policy implications and suggest policy alternatives for the mobilization and displacement of police resources over time, place and types of crimes.

Functional interaction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of liver diseases

Kim, So Young,Kyaw, Yi Yi,Cheong, Jaehun Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.23 No.43

<P>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a non-cytopathic virus that causes acute and chronic inflammatory liver diseases, often leading to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although many studies for the roles of HBV on pathogenesis of the liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic inflammation, cirrhosis, and HCC, have been reported, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria have the protective mechanisms to restore their damaged function by intrinsic or extrinsic stresses, but their chronic dysfunctions are associated with the pathogenesis of the various diseases. Furthermore, HBV can affect intra- or extracellular homeostasis through induction of ER and mitochondrial dysfunctions, leading to liver injury. Therefore, the mechanism by which HBV induces ER or mitochondrial stresses may be a therapeutic target for treatment of liver diseases.</P>

Thioredoxin reductase를 표적으로 하는 항암 최신 연구 동향

황보현(Hyun Hwangbo),이혜숙(Hyesook Lee),정재훈(JaeHun Cheong),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi) 한국생명과학회 2022 생명과학회지 Vol.32 No.1

COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Nham Eliel,Kim Young-Eun,Jung Jaehun,Kim Dong Wook,Jang Hoyeon,Hyun Hakjun,Seong Hye,Yoon Jin Gu,Noh Ji Yun,Song Joon Young,Kim Woo Joo,Cheong Hee Jin 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.45

As most individuals acquire immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, South Korea declared a return to normalcy a few months ago. However, epidemic waves continue because of endlessly emerging variants and waning immunity. Health authorities are focusing on those at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 to minimize damage to public health and the economy. In this regard, we investigated the vaccination rates in patients with various chronic medical conditions by examining the national health insurance claims data and the national immunization registry. We found that patients with chronic medical conditions, especially those of higher severity, such as malignancy, had vaccination rates approximately 10–20% lower than those of the general population. Public health authorities and healthcare providers should try to vaccinate these patients to avoid preventable morbidity and mortality.

Cis-acting Replication Element Variation of the Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus is Associated with the Determination of Host Susceptibility

Hyo Rin Kang(강효린),Mi So Seong(성미소),Bok Kyung Ku(구복경),JaeHun Cheong(정재훈) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.11

구제역바이러스(FMDV)는 피코나바이러스 과에 속하는 바이러스로서 야생과 가축화된 소와 돼지에 감염된다. FMDV는 제어되기 어려워서 가축의 생산과 국제통상에 큰 장애가 되고 있다. FMDV RNA 게놈의 복제 과정에서 3D 중합효소가 특이적인 복제 기능을 담당하는데 게놈에 결합하는 부위가 매우 중요하다. 이 사실은 FMDV 게놈의 비코딩영역 내에서 3D 중합효소에 의해 인지되는 특이 RNA 구조가 관여함을 제시한다. 이 과정에서 cis-acting replication element (CRE)는 RNA 복제를 위한 개시에 필요하다. FMDV CRE는 15-17 뉴클레오티드의 고리와 이를 지지하는 이중가닥으로 형성된 줄기-고리 모양을 가지며 이들을 구성하는 RNA 뉴클레오티드 서열의 차이가 다른 RNA 이차구조를 생성한다. CRE 이외에 FMDV 복제를 위해서 많은 바이러스와 세포 인자들이 단백질-단백질 결합과 단백질-RNA 결합을 통해 협조적인 네트워크를 만들어낸다. 이 연구에서 국내에서 2010년부터 2017년 까지 구제역이 발생한 소와 돼지에서 FMDV를 분리하여 CRE 서열을 분석하였으며 이들 FMDV들은 A형과 O형의 유전자형을 가졌다. 흥미롭게 국내 FMDV들의 CRE RNA 이차구조의 변이들은 바이러스 간의 계통유전학적 상관관련성과 일치하며 특정 숙주 동물종의 FMDV 감염의 특이성을 밝혀주었다. 이를 토대로 국내 FMDV의 각 유전군의 분류는 독특한 기능적 CRE에 의해 특징지을 수 있으며 새로운 유전적 계통의 진화학적 연속성은 특징있는 CRE 모티프의 구분과 연관지을 수 있다. 그러므로 CRE의 특이적 RNA 구조는 숙주 동물종 의존적인 FMDV 부류의 부가적인 단서로 활용할 수 있음을 제안한다. 이들 연구 결과들은 향후 FMDV 대량감염이 발생할때 숙주동물종의 특이성을 CRE 서열로 조기에 정확히 분석하는데 도움이 될 것이다. The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, affects wild and domesticated ruminants and pigs. During replication of the FMDV RNA (ribonucleic acid) genome, FMDV-encoding RNA polymerase 3D acts in a highly location-specific manner. This suggests that specific RNA structures recognized by 3D polymerase within non-coding regions of the FMDV genome assist with binding during replication. One such region is the cis-acting replication element (CRE), which functions as a template for RNA replication. The FMDV CRE adopts a stem-loop conformation with an extended duplex stem, supporting a novel 15-17 nucleotide loop that derives stability from base-stacking interactions, with the exact RNA nucleotide sequence of the CRE producing different RNA secondary structures. Here, we show that CRE sequences of FMDVs isolated in Korea from 2010 to 2017 exhibit A and O genotypes. Interestingly, variations in the RNA secondary structure of the Korean FMDVs are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and reveal the specificity of FMDV infections for particular host species. Therefore, we conclude that each genetic clade of Korean FMDV is characterized by a unique functional CRE and that the evolutionary success of new genetic lineages may be associated with the invention of a novel CRE motif. Therefore, we propose that the specific RNA structure of a CRE is an additional criterion for FMDV classification dependent on the host species. These findings will help correctly analyze CRE sequences and indicate the specificity of host species for future FMDV epidemics.

Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein increases hepatic lipid accumulation via induction of activation and expression of PPARgamma

Kim, KyeongJin,Kim, Kook Hwan,Ha, Eunsin,Park, Jin Young,Sakamoto, Naoya,Cheong, JaeHun Elsevier 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Steatosis is an established risk factor for disease progression in cases of chronic hepatitis C. Recently it was demonstrated that Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core and non-structural (NS) 2 proteins (NS2) induce lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. However, it has yet to be determined whether other HCV proteins are associated with lipid metabolism. The NS5A augmented the transcriptional activity and gene expression of PPARγ. Furthermore, NS5A increased the ability to recruit the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1s to the PPRE with PPARγ, as well as the interaction with PPARγ2 and PGC-1α. Our results indicate that NS5A may exploit multiple strategies that enhance PPARγ-induced lipid accumulation.</P><P><B>Structured summary</B></P><P>MINT-7229685: <I>PPAR gamma 2</I> (uniprotkb:P37231-2) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0914) with <I>PGC1 alpha</I> (uniprotkb:Q9UBK2) by <I>pull down</I> (MI:0096)</P><P>MINT-7229712: <I>PPAR gamma 2</I> (uniprotkb:P37231-2) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0914) with <I>NS5A</I> (uniprotkb:P26662) by <I>pull down</I> (MI:0096)</P><P>MINT-7229698: <I>PPAR gamma 2</I> (uniprotkb:P37231-2) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0914) with <I>PGC1 alpha</I> (uniprotkb:Q9UBK2) by <I>anti tag coimmunoprecipitation</I> (MI:0007)</P><P>MINT-7229731: <I>PPAR gamma 2</I> (uniprotkb:P37231-2) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0914) with <I>NS5A</I> (uniprotkb:P26662) by <I>anti tag coimmunoprecipitation</I> (MI:0007)</P>

Homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 is required for the transcriptional induction of PPARγ in intestinal cell differentiation

Park, Min Jung,Kim, Hye Young,Kim, KyeongJin,Cheong, JaeHun Elsevier 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The caudal-associated homeobox transcription factor, CDX1, performs critical functions in intestinal cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia. In this study, we have identified the molecular mechanism underlying the CDX1-mediated regulation of intestinal cell differentiation. CDX1 enhanced the expression of PPARγ gene, a master transcriptional regulator of intestinal differentiation, at the transcriptional level, via functional interaction with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Butyrate, an intestinal differentiation inducer, increased the protein interaction of CDX1 and C/EBPα, thereby resulting in a significant increase in PPARγ expression. These results show that the regulation of target gene expression for intestinal determination is dependent on a transcriptional cascade of CDX<B>1</B>, C/EBPα, and PPARγ.</P><P><B>Structured summary</B></P><P>MINT-6800304: <I>CDX1</I> (uniprotkb:P47902) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0218) with <I>CEBPalpha</I> (uniprotkb:P49715) by <I>pull down</I> (MI:0096)</P><P>MINT-6800330: <I>CDX1</I> (uniprotkb:P47902) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0218) with <I>CEBPalpha</I> (uniprotkb:P49715) by <I>two hybrid</I> (MI:0018)</P><P>MINT-6800315: <I>CEBPalpha</I> (uniprotkb:P49715) <I>physically interacts</I> (MI:0218) with <I>CDX1</I> (uniprotkb:P47902) by <I>anti bait co-immunoprecipitation</I> (MI:0006)</P>

Bile acids increase hepatitis B virus gene expression and inhibit interferon‐α activity

Kim, Hye Young,Cho, Hyun Kook,Choi, Yung Hyun,Lee, Kyu Sub,Cheong, JaeHun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 FEBS JOURNAL Vol.277 No.13

<P>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a 3.2 kb DNA virus that preferentially replicates in the liver. A number of transcription factors, including nuclear receptors, regulate the activities of HBV promoters and enhancers. However, the association between these metabolic events and HBV replication remains to be clearly elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of bile acid metabolism on HBV gene expression. Conditions associated with elevated bile acid levels within the liver include choleostatic liver diseases and an increased dietary cholesterol uptake. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that bile acids promote the transcription and expression of the gene for HBV in hepatic cell lines; in addition, farnesoid X receptor α and the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/c‐Jun signal transduction pathway mediate the regulatory effect of bile acids. Furthermore, an orphan nuclear receptor, small heterodimer partner protein, is also involved in the bile acid‐mediated regulation of HBV gene expression. The bile acid‐mediated promotion of HBV gene expression counteracts the antiviral effect of interferon‐α.</P>

Expressional Regulation of Replication Factor C in Adipocyte Differentiation

Hyun Kook Cho(조현국),Hye Young Kim(김혜영),Hyun Jeong Yu(유현정),JaeHun Cheong(정재훈) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

지방세포 분화 과정 중에 key regulator로서 기능을 하는 여러 전사조절인자(PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP, LXR)가 동정되었고, 주로 DNA 복제나 DNA 수선 단계에서 중요한 역할을 한다고 밝혀진 복제 조절인자인 RFC140이 지방세포 분화에도 중요한 인자임이 밝혀졌다. 이 연구에서 우리는 RFC140과 RFC38에 대한 발현조절을 확인하였으며, RFC140이 PPARγ와의 단백질-단백질 결합을 통하여 PPARγ에 의해 조절되는 유전자의 발현을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 특이적인 지방세포 전사인자에 의해 발현이 조절되는 RFC140과 RFC38이 지방세포의 분화과정에 필수적임을 제시한다. Adipocyte differentiation is an ordered multistep process requiring the sequential activation of several groups of adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and coactivators. In previous reports, we identified that replication factor C 140 (RFC140) protein played a critical role in regulating adipocyte differentiation as a coactivator. Here, we show expressional regulation of RFC140 and small RFC subunit, RFC38, following characterization of gene promoter of RFC140 and RFC38. In addition, RFC140 increases PPARγ -mediated gene activation, resulting from direct protein-protein interaction of RFC140 and PPARγ. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the regulated expression of RFC140 and RFC38 by specific adipocyte transcription factors is required for the adipocyte differentiation process.