Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Lactic Acid Production Using Date Juice

( Chauhan ),( Kishor ),( Ujjval Trivedi ),( K. C. Patel ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.9

Ginkgo biloba Administered Singly and Combined With Antioxidants in Tinnitus Patients

Chauhan Bhushan,Arya Shantanu,Chauhan Komal 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.1

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus, or ear ringing, involves impulsive and spontaneous activity in the auditory neurons. Its prevalence is high in the elderly, but 10%–15% of adults suffer from tinnitus, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> administered singly and in combination with antioxidants in tinnitus patients.Subjects and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to Placebo (T0, n=22), Treatment 1 (T1, n=24), and Treatment 2 (T2, n=23) groups. The patients were educated on the study’s methodology and were instructed to visit at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. The placebo group received starch capsule supplements. Conversely, the treatment groups received <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (60 mg twice a day) singly and in combination with antioxidants. We enrolled 69 patients aged 40–70 years (41 men, 28 women). The Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Scores were determined pre- and post-treatment at each visit.Results: Supplementation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, provided marked improvement (<i>p</i><0.05) in post-treatment THI and VAS scores in the T2 group compared to those in the T1 and T0 groups. The greatest (<i>p</i><0.05) percent difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment THI (-36%) and VAS scores (-22.6%) of T2 patients. Likewise, the SF-36 scores improved significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) in the T2 group in varied parameters.Conclusions: <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, can be a promising therapy for tinnitus patients, providing marked improvement in THI, VAS, and SF-36 scores.

Indian Science and Technology at the Time of British Occupation

Chauhan, Karan S. 한국외국어대학교 남아시아연구소 2001 남아시아연구 Vol.6 No.-

Carbon nanodots: recent advances in synthesis and applications

Chauhan Dheeraj Singh,Quraishi M. A.,Verma Chandrabhan 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.7

Due to their fascinating properties, there is a rise in the critical consideration of carbon-based nanomaterials in a plethora of applications. Carbon nanomaterials, such as nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds, have broad applicability and potential research prospects. In the past few years, the developments and consumption of still smaller nanomaterials, namely graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots or carbon dots (CDs) have been explored. Since carbon as a component exhibits insignificant cytotoxicity and remarkable biocompatibility, CDs have found a wide scope of potential applications. Owing to their fascinating aspects, such as small size, biocompatibility, low toxic nature, environment-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, ease of chemical functionalization, derivatization and surface modification, and photoluminescence tenability, CDs have been widely acknowledged. CDs have found major prospects in the areas of catalysis, sensors, and optical and bio-related applications. CDs are generally synthesized by employing techniques of pyrolysis, laser ablation, arc discharge, electrochemical method; hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques; and microwave and ultrasonic irradiations. This review article presents a brief account of the major properties of CDs, and applications, with particular emphasis on the green and environment-friendly synthesis methodologies. An overview of the microwave and ultrasound irradiation-induced syntheses for the preparation of CDs is presented in the light of green chemistry principles. In addition, some of the green and environmentally benign precursors for the production of CDs are outlined. The most recent work on CDs is included in this review article.

Soluble expression of horseradish peroxidase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its facile activation

Chauhan, Sushma,Kang, Taek Jin Elsevier 2018 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.126 No.4

<P>Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is widely used as a marker enzyme in immunoassays and biosensors, and can possibly be used in industries such as waste water treatments or fine chemical synthesis. Cost-effective production of active HRP is thus very important in the related fields. Also, engineering of HRP for its better performance in the designated application is expected to make the enzyme even more important in several areas of research and industry. One of obstacles to this end and to the large scale production of the enzyme has been its facile expression in a bacterial host. Here we show that HRP could be overexpressed as a soluble form by fusing the enzyme with <I>Escherichia coli</I> phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). After simple incubation with calcium ion, hemin, and oxidized glutathione, PGK-HRP could be fully activated showing a higher molar specific activity than plant-derived HRP. Our established procedure did not use tedious and inefficient refolding steps that have been used to activate HRP produced as inclusion bodies and thus is superior in its overall yield (>72 mg purified HRP conjugate per L culture) to existing methods. By co-expressing PGK-HRP with ferrochelatase in a special host that permitted the formation of disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm, the activation steps could be simplified even though the resulting specific activity was low.</P>

Thymol elicits HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cell death through induction of oxidative stress

Chauhan, Anil,Bahuguna, Ashutosh,Paul, Souren,Kang, Sun Bentham Science 2017 ANTICANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.999

PANI-ZnO clad modified multimode optical fiber pH sensor based on EWA

Chauhan Maya,Singh Vinod Kumar 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-

In the present investigation, an intrinsic intensity modulated optical fiber pH sensor is developed and experimentally tested at room temperature. To fabricate the sensor probe, original cladding of multimode fiber was replaced by a pH-sensitive polyaniline-zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) nanocomposite matrix whose absorbance property and refractive index (RI) are pH dependent. The synthesized PANI, ZnO, and incorporation of ZnO into PANI was confirmed and analyzed by some characterization techniques. It was observed that the ZnO composition into PANI not only enhances the materials’s optical activity, porosity and hence sensitivity of the sensor but also boosts the mechanical strength of the coating layer over silica surface. Moreover, high index ZnO material is used to enhance the evanescent field towards the sensing region, which can help in better interaction of light from the outer medium. The pH sensing principle depends upon evanescent wave absorption (EWA) due to swelling/ shrinkage of PANI and hence modification in volume and RI of the layer leads to change in transmitted optical power. The average sensitivity of proposed sensor was found to be 2.46 μW/pH for a wide pH range of 2–10 unit. The sensor also possesses excellent stability, fast response time, low hysteresis, good repeatability and durability characteristics. Results suggest that this sensor can be productively utilized in biomedical and chemical sensing applications.

Ancient Indian Approach to Environment

Chauhan. Karan S. 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 남아시아연구소 2000 남아시아연구 Vol.5 No.-

Competitive interactions between weedy rice and cultivated rice as a function of added nitrogen and the level of competition

Chauhan, Bhagirath S.,Johnson, David E. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.4

The competitive outcomes between weedy rice from Malaysia (MWR), the Philippines (PWR), and Vietnam (VWR) and cultivated rice (IR64) grown in pots were evaluated in a replacement series experiment with added N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N $ha^{-1}$) and competition with IR64 plants (no competition, eight weedy rice plants : 0 IR64 plants; low competition, six weedy rice plants : two IR64 plants; and high competition, two weedy rice plants : six IR64 plants). The growth observations were taken at 10 weeks after sowing. When grown in a monoculture (no competition with IR64 plants), the PWR plants had a lower shoot biomass across N rates than did the MWR andVWR plants.The leaf area and shoot biomass of weedy rice across populations significantly increased with an increase in the N application rate. Each weedy rice population and the IR64 population showed linear responses of the leaf area and shoot biomass to the N rate at all levels of competition. The weedy rice and IR64 plants, when grown without competition, had a similar rate of response in the shoot biomass to the N rate. However, when grown in competition, the response to the added N varied among the weedy rice populations. The MWR plants under competition produced a similar amount of shoot biomass to the IR64 plants per unit addition of N. In contrast, the PWR and VWR populations under competition produced a greater amount of shoot biomass with each additional unit of N, compared to the IR64 population. The results illustrate that N fertilizer management might affect the outcome of weedy rice competition. This information could be incorporated into weedy rice management strategies.

The Role of Yoga Intervention in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Narrative Review and Proposed Model

Chauhan, Ripudaman Singh,Rajesh, S.K Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.3

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.