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Why Do States Hedge in East Asia? An Empirical Study on Hedging
Charles Chong-Han Wu 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2019 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.43 No.3
This article investigates whether countries in East Asia are acting anomalously from traditional balancing and bandwagoning assumptions in the face of China’s reemergence as a significant regional power. In East Asia, hedging takes the form of sending ambiguous alignment signals toward the United States in return for more autonomy by states that have no official alliance with Beijing. Incorporating Lim and Cooper’s redefinition of hedging, this study focuses on the conditions under which China’s neighbors adopt hedging behaviors. This article aims to show that coercive capability indicators, including national capability and a US military presence, are major factors in decisions by countries in East Asia to adopt hedging strategies. The findings suggest that when countries in this region seek to maximize economic benefits with Beijing, they also seek certain security assurances from Washington as a hedge against Beijing’s influence over their national affairs.
Strengthening the Competitiveness, Productivity and Innovation of Cross-border Industrial Corridors
Charles Conteh,박지영,Kathryn Friedman,황하,Barry Wright 아시아기술혁신학회 2023 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.12 No.1
Over the past few decades, globalization has been shifting economic power upward to transnational actors on the one hand, and downward to subnational or regional spaces on the other. This phenomenon has resulted in the centrality of territorially delimited subnational regions acting as critical loci of economic governance within a complex and globally distributed value chain of trade and service flows. Within this broader context of industrial restructuring are economic regions that span national borders in their collective assets. The paper focuses on investigating the economic competitiveness and productivity of cross-border (or binational) economic regions. Using the conceptual framework of economic clusters, an econometric model that measures proxies of geographic proximity of firms in the life sciences cluster, and a new binational economic model, the paper examines the key characteristics, potentials and constraints of economic competitiveness and productivity in a cross-border region comprising counties in Western New York and regional municipalities in Southern Ontario. The findings demonstrate the direct and indirect benefits of closer cross-border economic cooperation. The paper then concludes with some policy observations about leveraging cross-border economic clusters for strategic industrial cooperation.
Bidirectional ephrin signaling in bone
Charles H. Rundle,Weirong Xing,Kin-Hing William Lau,Subburaman Mohan 대한골다공증학회 2016 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.2 No.2
The interaction between ephrin ligands (efn) and their receptors (Eph) is capable of inducing forward signaling, from ligand to receptor, as well as reverse signaling, from receptor to ligand. The ephrins are widely expressed in many tissues, where they mediate cell migration and adherence, properties that make the efn-Eph signaling critically important in establishing and maintaining tissue boundaries. The efn-Eph system has also received considerable attention in skeletal tissues, as ligand and receptor combinations are predicted to mediate interactions between the different types of cells that regulate bone development and homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of efn-Eph signaling with a particular focus on the expression and functions of ephrins and their receptors in bone. © 2016 The Korean Society of Osteoporosis. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).