1980년대 이후 대만 음식(cuisine)의 형성

마이클 사오(Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao),메이창(May Yu-Hsin Chang),메이-후이첸(Mei-Hui Chen),권정화(번역자) 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2015 아시아리뷰 Vol.5 No.1

대만 음식의 출현은 대만의 민주화 과정과 1980년대 이래 국가 정체성의 성장과 관련이 깊다. 어떠한 측면에서 대만 음식의 형성은 중국 본토의 장저(江浙) 음식, 쓰촨(四川) 음식, 광둥(廣東) 음식 체계가 우세한 가운데 대만 내 두 개의 주요 민족음식, 즉 민난과 학카 음식이 자유화된 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 한족의 음식으로 알려진 민난과 학카 음식이 대만을 대표하는 요리로 급부상하게 된 것이다. 그러나 한족이 아닌 원주민 음식은 여전히 대만 음식으로 통합되지 않고 있는 점 또한 주목해야 한다. 이 글은 대만 음식의 부상이 정치적 변환과 문화적 변화를 뛰어넘는 사회적 산물이라는 점에 주목하고 있다. 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 소비는 가정의 범주를 넘어 레스토랑에서 볼 수 있는 상품화된 ‘요리’로서 빠르게 자리잡고 있다. 이 글은 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 ‘요리화’와 ‘대중화’의 특징과 변화를 설명하고자 한다. 또한 민난, 학카 음식이 어떻게 ‘표현’되고, 어떠한 ‘위치’에 있고, 대만 국가 음식으로써 ‘어느 정도’ 역할을 하는지도 주목한다. 결론에서는 민주주의, 민족성, 국가정체성이 어떻게 연관되어 있고, 이들의 관계가 대만의 현대 음식에 어떻게 반영되어 있는지를 살펴본다. The emergence of Taiwanese cuisine has much to do with the democratization process and the growth of Taiwan national identity since the 1980s. In one way, the making of Taiwanese cuisine can be seen as the liberalization of two major ethnic foods, Mainan and Hakka, from the dominance of Mainland China’s provincial food customs such as that of Jiang-Zhe, Szechuan, and Guandong. The two ethnic Han food of Minnan and Hakka have thus been ungraded to constitute the new core components of the rising Taiwan’s national cuisine. It is equally important to note that, however, the non-Han aborigine food has not been considered as an integral part of Taiwanese cuisine. This paper intends to argue that the rise of Taiwanese cuisine is the direct social product of the above political transformation and cultural change. The Minnan and Hakka ethnic foods have since then been rapidly commercialized to become the recognized “cuisine” popularly served in restaurants beyond household consumption. The rise of “cuisinization” as well as “popularization” of ethnic Mainnan and Hakka foods will then be discussed in this paper by identifying the main features and changes of each of the ethnic food. Special attention is also paid to how Minnan and Hakka food are being “presented,” “positioned” and “weighted” in the constitution of “Taiwanese national cuisine.”Finally, in the conclusion, the interplay of democracy, ethnicity and national identity and its impact on Taiwan’s contemporary foodscape will be highlighted.

최근 60년간 도시 및 농촌 지역의 국지적 기후변화 비교 분석

윤동현,남원호,홍은미,김태곤,허창회,Yoon, Dong-Hyun,Nam, Won-Ho,Hong, Eun-Mi,Kim, Taegon,Ho, Chang-Hoi,Hayes, Michael J. 한국농공학회 2018 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.60 No.3

Local climate characteristics for both urban and rural areas can be attributed to multiple factors. Two factors affecting these characteristics include: 1) greenhouse gases related to global warming, and 2) urban heat island (UHI) effects caused by changes in surface land use and energy balances related to rapid urbanization. Because of the unique hydrological and climatological characteristics of cities compared with rural and forested areas, distinguishing the impacts of global warming urbanization is important. In this study, we analyzed anthropogenic climatic changes caused by rapid urbanization. Weather elements (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) over the last 60 years (1955-2016) are compared in urban areas (Seoul, Incheon, Pohang, Daegu, Jeonju, Ulsan, Gwangju, Busan) and rural/forested areas (Gangneung, Chupungnyeong, Mokpo, and Yeosu). Temperature differences between these areas reveal the effects of urbanization and global warming. The findings of this study can be used to analyze and forecast the impacts of climate change and urbanization in other urban and non-urban areas.

최근 60년간 인구 및 기상인자를 활용한 도시 및 농촌지역의 국지적 기후변화 비교 분석

윤동현 ( Dong-hyun Yoon ),남원호 ( Won-ho Nam ),홍은미 ( Eun-mi Hong ),허창회 ( Chang-hoi Ho ),( Michael J. Hayes ) 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2017 No.-

국지적인 기후의 특성은 종관규모에서의 온실가스 (Greenhouse Gas, GHG) 증가로 인한 온난화 (Global Warming)와 도시화 (Urbanization)에 따른 열섬 현상 (Urban Heat Island Effect, UHI)을 포함한 인위적인 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 나타날 수 있다. 도시화는 인구집중과 도시규모 증가를 동반하고, 지표면 재질 변화, 지역의 에너지 균형 변화, 녹지 부족 등 열섬현상을 초래하며, 도시화에 따른 지면피복의 변화는 관측된 온난화 신호에 일정부분 기여한다. 도시 지역은 농촌 및 산림 지역과 비교하여 수문 및 기후학적 측면에서 지역 내 에너지수지 및 물수지의 특성이 상이하기 때문에, 지구온난화에 의한 전 지구적 현상과 도시화에 의한 국소적 현상을 구분하여 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 급격한 도시화로 인한 인위적인 기후변화 (Anthropogenic Climate Change)와 종관규모에서의 자연적 기후변화 (Natural Climate Change or Climate Change)에 기인한 부분을 정량적으로 구분하고자 한다. 도시화의 정도가 서로 다른 8개 도시 지역 (서울, 인천, 포항, 대구, 전주, 울산, 광주, 부산)과 5개 농촌 및 산림 지역 (강릉, 추풍령, 목포, 여수, 제주)을 선정하였다. 최근 60년간 (1955∼2016년) 기상자료와 각 관측지점별 인구수 및 인구증가/감소 추세를 비교함으로써 지역별 도시화율의 변화가 기상요소에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 독립변수로 해당기간의 인구수를 선정하였고, 종속변수로 최고기온, 최저기온, 강수량, 강수일수 등 기상인자를 사용하였으며, 각 데이터간의 상관성 분석을 위해 아노말리를 활용하여 인구변화량과 기상인자 변화량을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 최근 60년간 서울 2.1˚C, 인천 1.6˚C, 울산 1.5˚C 등 대도시의 경우 1.5˚C 이상의 기온상승을 보였으며 이는 강릉 0.9˚C, 추풍령 0.3˚C, 목포 0.3˚C 등 상대적으로 인구가 적은 지역에서의 기온 증가와 차이를 보여 도시지역과 농촌 및 산림지역의 기온상승의 차이는 온난화의 영향 이외에 도시화의 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 도시/비도시에 따른 도시화 편향 영향으로 인한 기후변화 예측의 편이를 분석하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

A unified analysis of four cosmic shear surveys

Chang, Chihway,Wang, Michael,Dodelson, Scott,Eifler, Tim,Heymans, Catherine,Jarvis, Michael,Jee, M James,Joudaki, Shahab,Krause, Elisabeth,Malz, Alex,Mandelbaum, Rachel,Mohammed, Irshad,Schneider, Mic Oxford University Press 2019 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.482 No.3

LONG-TERM VARIATION STUDY OF CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES WITH PALOMAR TRANSIENT FACTORY

YANG, MICHAEL TING-CHANG,CHOU, YI,HU, CHIN-PING,SU, YI-HAO,HSIEH, HUNG-EN,LIN, CHING-PING,CHUANG, PO-SHENG,LIAO, NAI-HUI The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

The Palomar Transient Factory is a project making use of a Schmidt 48 inch telescope located on the Palomar Mountain, which is surveying the sky with dynamical cadences. It was deployed in 2009 and the observed sky region is over 1200 square degrees. We have studied the long-term periodic variabilities of the known galactic cataclysmic variables (CVs). More than 20 of the sources had been found to have long term periodic signals, ranging from several tens of days to several hundreds of days. Some possible scenarios are proposed to explain the results, such as a magnetic field change of the companion star, precession of the accretion disk, triple systems and superoutburst cycles. Some preliminary discussion will be presented in this article.

Korea Jeju District Court Second Criminal Department The decision

Jaegal Chang,Chung Sung-jin,Seo Youngwoo,Moon Jin Ju,Ko Chang Hoon,Saxton Michael 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2019 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.9 No.3

Modeling the Volatility in Short and Long Haul Japanese Tourist Arrivals to New Zealand and Taiwan

Chia-Lin Chang,Michael McAleer,Christine Lim 한국관광학회 2012 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.12 No.1

Long haul international travel is more expensive than short haul international travel. This paper estimates the effects of short and long haul volatility (or risk) in monthly Japanese tourist arrivals to Taiwan and New Zealand, respectively. The primary purpose in attracting international tourists is to encourage international tourist spending. Variations in international tourist arrivals are equivalent to variations in international tourism expenditures if the rate of growth in tourism spending is constant, as is likely. In this sense, international tourist arrivals are equivalent to the prices of financial assets in that changes in both lead to positive or negative financial returns. We use symmetric and asymmetric conditional volatility models that are commonly used in financial econometrics, namely the GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models. The data series are for the period January 1997 to December 2007. The volatility estimates for the monthly growth in Japanese long haul tourists to New Zealand and short haul tourists to Taiwan indicate that the former has an asymmetric, as well as a leverage, effect on risk, whereby negative shocks increase volatility but positive shocks of similar magnitude decrease volatility, while the latter has a symmetric effect. These empirical results seem to be similar to a wide range of financial stock market returns, so that the models used in financial econometrics are also applicable to international tourist arrivals. The empirical results may be used to recommend whether long haul or short haul international tourists should be encouraged for Taiwan and New Zealand.

PROBING THE INTERMEDIATE-AGE GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN NGC 5128 FROM ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS

Rey, Soo-Chang,Sohn, Sangmo T.,Beasley, Michael A.,Lee, Young-Wook,Rich, R. Michael,Yoon, Suk-Jin,Yi, Sukyoung K.,Bianch, Luciana,Kang, Yongbeom,Lee, Kyeongsook,Chung, Chul,Lee, Sang-Yoon,Barlow, Tom IOP Publishing 2009 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.700 No.1

<P>We explore the age distribution of the globular cluster ( GC) system of the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 5128 using ultraviolet (UV) photometry from GALEX observations, with UV-optical colors used as the age indicator. Most GCs in NGC 5128 follow the general trends of GCs in M31 and the Milky Way in the UV-optical color color diagram, which indicates that the majority of GCs in NGC 5128 are old similar to the age range of old GCs in M31 and the Milky Way. A large fraction of spectroscopically identified intermediate-age GC (IAGC) candidates with similar to 3-8 Gyr are not detected in the far-UV (FUV) passband. Considering the nature of intermediate-age populations being faint in the FUV passband, we suggest that many of the spectroscopically identified IAGCs may be truly intermediate in age. This is in contrast to the case of M31 where a large fraction of spectroscopically suggested IAGCs are detected in FUV and therefore may not be genuine IAGCs but rather older GCs with developed blue horizontal branch stars. Our UV photometry strengthens the results previously suggesting the presence of GC and stellar subpopulation with intermediate age in NGC 5128. The existence of IAGCs strongly indicates the occurrence of at least one more major star formation episode after a starburst at high redshift.</P>

Each retrial shall be initiated for the decision to be re-judged: Decision about Case: 2017 Inventory Hab-4

Judge Je-Gal Chang,Chang Hoon Ko,Michael Saxton,Dong-yun Yang 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2018 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.8 No.3

Inhibition of Neurogenic Inflammatory Pathways Associated with the Reduction in Discogenic Back Pain

Canseco Jose A.,Levy Hannah A.,Karamian Brian Abedi,Blaber Olivia,Chang Michael,Patel Neil,Curran John,Hilibrand Alan S.,Schroeder Gregory D.,Vaccaro Alexander R.,Markova Dessislava Z.,Surrey David E. 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the initiation of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP inhibitor) medication therapy for migraines was also associated with improvements in back/neck pain, mobility, and function in a patient population with comorbid degenerative spinal disease and migraine.Overview of Literature: CGRP upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor in spinal spondylotic disease, which results in disc degeneration and sensitization of nociceptive neurons. Although CGRP inhibitors can quell neurogenic inflammation in migraines, their off-site efficacy as a therapeutic target for discogenic back/neck pain conditions remains unknown.Methods: All adult patients diagnosed with spinal spondylosis and migraine treated with CGRP inhibitors at a single academic institution between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographic and medical data, follow-up duration, migraine severity and frequency, spinal pain, functional status, and mobility before and after the administration of CGRP inhibitors were collected. Paired univariate analysis was conducted to determine significant changes in spinal pain, headache severity, and headache frequency before and after the administration of CGRP inhibitors. The correlation between changes in the spinal pain score and functional or mobility improvement was assessed with Spearman’s rho.Results: In total, 56 patients were included. The mean follow-up time after the administration of CGRP inhibitors was 123 days for spinal pain visits and 129 days for migraine visits. Back/neck pain decreased significantly (<i>p</i> <0.001) from 6.30 to 4.36 after starting CGRP inhibitor therapy for migraine control. As recorded in the spine follow-up notes, 25% of patients experienced a functional improvement in the activities of daily living, and 17.5% experienced mobility improvement while taking CGRP inhibitors. Change in back/ neck pain moderately correlated (ρ=−0.430) with functional improvement but was not correlated with mobility improvement (ρ=−0.052).Conclusions: Patients taking CGRP inhibitors for chronic migraines with comorbid degenerative spinal conditions experienced significant off-target reduction of back/neck pain.