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Effects of Surface Treatment on Work Function of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) Films
Chanhyung Kim,Bongki Lee,Hee Jung Yang,Hyun Min Lee,Jae Gab Lee,신현정 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.3
The in uence of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) with CF4 gas on the surface electronic structures of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin lms has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). XPS data showed signicant changes in core-level energies of In 3d5=2, Sn 3d5=2, C 1s and F 1s, implying changes in bonding states of these species after CF4 plasma treatment. Local current maps of ITO surfaces using conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) showed two distinct regions at applied bias of 0.1 V: conducting and nonconducting regions. Local I-V measurements in the conducting regions of as received ITO showed ohmic behavior. Most of the ITO surfaces became non-conducting with Sckottky behavior after surface treatment with CF4 plasma. Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) showed an increase in work function of ITO by 0.8 eV after subsequent CF4 plasma treatment. When ITO flms were exposed in ambient, the work function of ITO decreased gradually, mainly because water molecules were absorbed onto the surfaces. CF4 plasma allowed the making of more negative surfaces with more dangling bonds of uorine ions (F..), and the surfaces with F.. induced electrons from the surfaces to be depleted. Subsequently, this caused the surface band to bend upward. As a result, the work function of ITO flms was increased by the surface treatment, and this helps to inject holes more eciently into the active light-emitting layer from ITO electrodes for improving the performance of organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Seasonal variation of semidiurnal internal tides in the East/Japan Sea
Jeon, Chanhyung,Park, Jae-Hun,Varlamov, Sergey M.,Yoon, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Young Ho,Seo, Seongbong,Park, Young-Gyu,Min, Hong Sik,Lee, Jae Hak,Kim, Cheol-Ho American Geophysical Union 2014 Journal of geophysical research. Oceans Vol.119 No.5
The seasonal variation of semidiurnal internal tides in the East/Japan Sea was investigated using 25 month long output from a real-time ocean forecasting system. The z coordinate eddy-resolving high-resolution numerical model, called the RIAM ocean model, incorporates data assimilation that nudges temperature and salinity fields together with volume transport through the Korea Strait to produce realistic oceanic currents and stratification. In addition to atmospheric forcing, it includes tidal forcing of 16 major components along open boundaries. The model generates energetic semidiurnal internal tides around the northern entrance of the Korea Strait. Energy conversion from barotropic to baroclinic (internal) tides varies seasonally with maxima in September (ranging 0.48-0.52 GW) and minima in March (ranging 0.11-0.16 GW). This seasonal variation is induced by the seasonality in stratification near the southwestern East/Japan Sea. The propagation distance of the internal tides is associated with generation intensity and wavelength. From late summer to early winter, the semidiurnal internal tides travel relatively far from the generation region due to stratification changes; its energy dissipates less as a result of longer wavelengths. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variation of internal-tide-induced mixing due to the seasonality in the generation, propagation, and dissipation of internal tides should be considered for a more realistic simulation of water masses and circulation in models of the East/Japan Sea.
Heesu Kim,Chanhyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2023 Public Value Vol.8 No.-
Purpose: Recently, in Korea, beauty and health consumers are seeking convenience and professionalism, so multi-shop type stores are gradually increasing. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the purpose of confirming the relationship between consumption perception, optional attributes, and use satisfaction with women visiting beauty health multi-shops as participants. Method: The study participants consisted of 183 adult females aged 20 years or older in S-city and G-province using the non-probability sampling method and the judgment sampling method. As for the data analysis method, MANOVA and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship between consumption perception, choice attributes, and use satisfaction. Results: As a result of the study, all independent variables such as consumption necessity factors, consumption process factors, and consumption result factors were statistically significant in the influence relationship between consumption perception variables and selection attributes. And in the relationship between the selected attribute variable and the satisfaction factor, the facility factor, loyalty factor, and cost factor were found to be significant, while the information provision factor was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The results of this study served as an opportunity to confirm various factors related to the consumer's perception of consumption and the satisfaction of use according to the selected attributes of visiting beauty health multi-shops. Therefore, it suggests the specific and detailed importance of the perception and selection attributes of consumers who visit beauty health multi-shops.
In-Depth Exploration of the First Tattoo Process and Re-Tattoo Experience of Generation MZ
Jieun Kim,Jaebum Lee,Chanhyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: Korea s MZ generation is a coined term that refers to both millennials (M) and generation Z. They have distinct personal values, are proficient in using digital media, and show characteristics of value consumption and conspicuous consumption. Therefore, in this study, among the qualitative research methods, the phenomeno-logical research method was used to explore in depth in order to find out the perception and attitude toward the MZ generation s first tattoo participation process and re-tattoo experience. Method: Five active MZ generation participants who can reflect the most realistic information and experience according to the research topic and have tattoo experience were selected as a nomadic sampling method. The data analysis of the in-depth interview contents was analyzed according to the four-step method suggested by Giorgi. Results: As a result of the study, 93 semantic units, 24 sub-components, and 6 components were finally de-rived. The contents of the components were identified as tattoo participation motivation, SNS use, tattoo recogni-tion change, tattoo addiction experience, negative factors, and positive factors. Conclusion: In the process of participating in the first tattoo in the life of the MZ generation, it was confirmed that tattoos exposed through SNS or mass media arouse curiosity, and the characteristics of value consumption and conspicuous consumption are reflected in tattoo participation. In addition, it was found that the tattoo participation decision time was gradually shortened as the tattoo was recognized as an accessory of the body. Through these research results, it is expected that tattoos can have realistic scalability in the cosmetic field.
각 실 제어 환기시스템을 이용한 미세먼지 제거 및 환기 성능 평가
심찬형(Chanhyung Shim),성남철(Namchul Seong),김정우(JungWoo Kim),홍구표(Goopyo Hong) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6
The purpose of this study is performance evaluation of PM2.5, PM10 removal and ventilation performance using individual room control ventilation system. In this study, Mock-up was constructed to evaluate this system. As the ventilation system operated, the change in particle material concentration and ventilation rate (ACH) were measured. As a result, the concentration of particle matter decreased to 40㎍/㎥, the same concentration as outside air during operation of the ventilation system, and the ventilation rate was 0.53ACH, satisfying the ventilation standard.
Chaehyeong Kim,Chanhyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2023 Protection Convergence Vol.8 No.2
Purpose: Korean society is increasingly interested in expressing a beautifully maintained appearance rather than simply pursuing beauty. In addition, the development and sales of beauty products related to this are increasing as people are demanding to think about their inner health as well as their outer appearance. Therefore, this study focused on inner beauty products sold through network marketing and objectively examined how consumers evaluate their purchase satisfaction according to their choice attributes. Method: Participants in the study were participants who had purchased inner beauty products through network marketing, and 212 response sheets were used for the final analysis. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the influence of network marketing selection attributes of inner beauty products on consumer purchase satisfaction, and the significance level according to statistical test was determined at p<.05. Results: Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the multidimensional influence of the factors of the choice attributes of the study participants on the sub-factors of the purchase satisfaction variables. The results of the study showed that the choice attributes that have a significant impact on consumer purchase satisfaction are internal choice attributes and ecological choice attributes, except for external choice attributes. Conclusion: Consumption choice attributes of modern people show various consumption behaviors depending on individual characteristics and perceived value. In this study, we examined how consumer purchase satisfaction is manifested according to the choice attributes of consumers participating in network marketing. Based on these results, it is expected that network marketing operators can use it as an objective data on the selection attributes and purchase satisfaction evaluation of inner beauty products so that they can have an independent attitude as business owners.