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Toward Natural and Intelligible Speech Synthesis : An Empirical Study on Transfer Learning
Chaewon Kang,Jeewoo Yoon,Daeun Lee,Migyeong Kang,Seohyun Lim,Juho Jung,Sejung Son,Jinyoung Han 한국방송·미디어공학회 2023 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.6
To synthesize natural and intelligible speech with a small amount of data, transfer learning with well-maintained and pre-trained data has been known to be useful. However, little attention has been paid to answer the following research questions with empirically-grounded evidence, How much pre-trained (source) speech data (e.g., 10 K utterances or 10 hours) used in transfer learning is enough for generating natural and intelligible speech? and For generating natural and intelligible speech, how much (target) speech data should at least be provided?, which are essential for the quality of speech synthesis. To answer these questions, this paper conducts extensive experiments on speech synthesis with multiple source and target data with different lengths, speakers, and languages. We show that intelligible and natural speech can be synthesized with only 500 utterances of target data using transfer learning. Our work also reveals that at least 5000 utterances of source pre-trained data are required to synthesize decent speech.
Kang, Mijeong,Mun, ChaeWon,Jung, Ho Sang,Ansah, Iris Baffour,Kim, Eunkyoung,Yang, Haesik,Payne, Gregory F.,Kim, Dong-Ho,Park, Sung-Gyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020 Nanoscale Vol.12 No.6
<P>Nanostructured materials offer the potential to drive future developments and applications of electrochemical devices, but are underutilized because their nanoscale cavities can impose mass transfer limitations that constrain electrochemical signal generation. Here, we report a new signal-generating mechanism that employs a molecular redox capacitor to enable nanostructured electrodes to amplify electrochemical signals even without an enhanced reactant mass transfer. The surface-tethered molecular redox capacitor engages diffusible reactants and products in redox-cycling reactions with the electrode. Such redox-cycling reactions are facilitated by the nanostructure that increases the probabilities of both reactant-electrode and product-redox-capacitor encounters (<I>i.e.</I>, the nanoconfinement effect), resulting in substantial signal amplification. Using redox-capacitor-tethered Au nanopillar electrodes, we demonstrate improved sensitivity for measuring pyocyanin (bacterial metabolite). This study paves a new way of using nanostructured materials in electrochemical applications by engineering the reaction pathway within the nanoscale cavities of the materials.</P>
이채원(Chaewon Lee),강경균(Kyoung Kyoon Kang) 한국경영학회 2016 Korea Business Review Vol.20 No.4
기업가정신(Entrepreneurship)은 일자리 창출 및 경제성장에 기여하여 국가의 경쟁력을 형성하는 핵심동력 역할을 한다. 즉, 기업가정신은 우리가 처해 있는 사회 및 경제적 문제를 해결하는 대안으로서의 역할을 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기업가정신은 창업으로 인식되거나 기업가적 사고방식 및 행동양식으로 국한되어 이해되는 경우가 많다. 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하는 대안으로 작용하기 위해서는 기업가정신의 개념에 대한 재정립이 필요하다. 본 연구는 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하는 대안으로 이해되어야 한다는 당위성을 설명하기 위해 기업가정신 전문가와의 인터뷰를 통해 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하기 위해 어떤 본질과 속성을 가지고 있는지를 찾고자 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 기업가정신의 개념을 재정립하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 기업가정신에 대한 의미와 구조를 순환적으로 밝혀내는 자연주의적 질적 접근을 시도하였으며, 특히 삶의 현상에 대한 본질적 측면을 밝힐 수 있는 현상학적 접근법을 사용하였다. 이를 위해 기업가정신에 대한 오랜 연구와 경험을 가진 전문가와의 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 국민의식과 사회문제 해결로서의 기업가정신을 핵심질문으로 하여 기업가정신의 의미가 사회나 국가에 어떤 의미를 미치는지를 질문하였다. 본 연구를 통해 기업가정신의 본질 속에는 6개의 주제가 내포되어 있음을 파악하였다. 첫째, 편향된 가치로 인한 사회 구조의 불균형, 둘째, 기존의 한계로 인한 사회문제의 악순환, 셋째, 새로운 요구로 인한 패러다임 변화의 필요성, 넷째, 유기체적 기업이 변화하는 동인으로서의 기업가정신, 다섯째, 기업가정신이 주는 역동성으로 인한 기업의 선순환, 여섯째, 경제 및 사회적 가치창출의 원천으로서의 기업가정신으로 정의되었다. 이러한 기업가정신 개념의 본질에 대한 이해를 통해 일반적으로 인식되던 창업으로서의 협의 개념에서 벗어나 사회문제를 해결해 주는 시대정신으로서의 기업가정신을 재개념화 한 것은 본 논문의 기여점이라고 할 수 있다. 기업가정신의 재개념화와 더불어 기업가정신이 국민의식 및 사회문제 해결의 대안으로 작용하는 여러 사례들을 발굴하고, 기업가정신을 함양할 수 있는 기업가정신 교육, 혹은 관련 프로그램의 지속적 개발이 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다. Entrepreneurship has been a driving force for economic growth. However, the definition of entrepreneurship has been defined as a way of thinking for creating value or defined as activities related to start-up. This kind of narrow definition led the misunderstanding to the public. Also, the entrepreneurship policy makers and educators have used the concept of entrepreneurship as a start-up activities. With this mis-concept of narrow definition should broaden to the right and broad concept of entrepreneurship as the zeitgeist and the solutions to social problem. For redefining the entrepreneurship concept, we conducted the survey with experts in the entrepreneurship industry such as professors in entrepreneurship division at university level and experts in entrepreneurship industry such as policy makers in the government related organization. Based on Colaizzi(1978)’s research, the phenomenologist view is useful to see the core value of phenomena. Researchers did in-depth interview to redefine the definition of entrepreneurship. We got the 6 key concepts which they have to be included in the definition of entrepreneurship through in-depth interview. First, entrepreneurship can solve the inequity issues in terms of social value and economic side. Second, it can be a solution of unbalanced bad cycle of society. Third, it can be a solution to adjust the current economic paradigm. Forth, entrepreneurship can be a driving force of economic and social dynamics. Fifth, it will create the positive system to create the effective results. As a sixth key point, entrepreneurship can be a source of social value creation beyond the economic value creation. These core values can lead the more broad perspective to understand entrepreneurship concept as a solution of social problem and the zeitgeist. Using this understanding, entrepreneurship can be applied to the economic sectors and social sectors as well. Also, it will bring the right direction for entrepreneurship education in the situation all students have to take the entrepreneurship course as a mandatory course.
Gyoungok Gang,Chaewon Park,Haejin Kang,Wan Soo Hong,Yoo Kyoung Park,Sook Hee Choi,Seung Hye Kim,Jieun Choi,Jihyun Park,Hyeja Chang 대한지역사회영양학회 2024 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Objectives: Since the enactment of the School Nutrition Act in 1981, school lunch programs in South Korea have grown quantitatively and qualitatively with a current student participation rate of 99.8%. Nonetheless, educational materials are needed to reduce misunderstanding and ignorance about school lunch programs. This study aimed to develop 3 educational videos that help students of various ages (kindergarteners/lower-grade elementary, upper-grade elementary, and secondary school, respectively), understand the school lunch program. Methods: A scenario was created, was made, and the opinions on the scenario from experts in foodservice sectors were collected. A survey was conducted to students and parents to determine topics they wanted to know about school foodservice. The final videos were produced using this information and the expert opinions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 for Mac (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA); a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Three videos on school foodservice were developed for various age levels of students: kindergarten/lower-grade elementary, upper-grade elementary, and secondary school. Additionally, English subtitles were included for the multicultural student population. These videos, each lasting about 7 minutes, cover topics such as nutrition, hygiene, and the cultural significance of the school lunch program. The survey results showed that parents and students wanted to know the following topics about the school lunch program: “nutritionally balanced diet” (11.9%), “purchasing safe food ingredients” (10.9%), and “healthy eating habits” (9.9%). Conclusions: The developed videos will serve as valuable educational resources on school foodservice, foster a deeper understanding of the school lunch program in parents and students, and potentially address their inquiries regarding production processes, nutrition, hygiene, cultural heritage, and health.