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Kim Hee-Hoon,Shim Young-Ri,Choi Sung Eun,Kim Myung-Ho,Lee Giljae,You Hyun Ju,Choi Won-Mook,Keungmo Yang,Ryu Tom,Kim Kyurae,김민정,Woo Chaerin,Chung Katherine Po Sin,Hong Song Hwa,Eun Hyuk Soo,Kim Seok-Hw 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Chronic alcohol consumption often induces hepatic steatosis but rarely causes severe inflammation in Kupffer cells (KCs) despite the increased hepatic influx of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting the presence of a veiled tolerance mechanism. In addition to LPS, the liver is affected by several gut-derived neurotransmitters through the portal blood, but the effects of catecholamines on KCs have not been clearly explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Hence, we investigated the regulatory roles of catecholamine on inflammatory KCs under chronic alcohol exposure. We discovered that catecholamine levels were significantly elevated in the cecum, portal blood, and liver tissues of chronic ethanol-fed mice. Increased catecholamines induced mitochondrial translocation of cytochrome P450 2E1 in perivenous hepatocytes expressing the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), leading to the enhanced production of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Subsequently, GDF15 profoundly increased ADRB2 expression in adjacent inflammatory KCs to facilitate catecholamine/ADRB2-mediated apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of KCs confirmed the elevated expression of Adrb2 and apoptotic genes after chronic ethanol intake. Genetic ablation of Adrb2 or hepatic Gdf15 robustly decreased the number of apoptotic KCs near perivenous areas, exacerbating alcohol-associated inflammation. Consistently, we found that blood and stool catecholamine levels and perivenous GDF15 expression were increased in patients with early-stage ALD along with an increase in apoptotic KCs. Our findings reveal a novel protective mechanism against ALD, in which the catecholamine/GDF15 axis plays a critical role in KC apoptosis, and identify a unique neuro-metabo-immune axis between the gut and liver that elicits hepatoprotection against alcohol-mediated pathogenic challenges.
고정밀 동기 모션 제어 응용을 위한 Xenomai 기반 임베디드 제어기
김채린(Chaerin Kim),김익환(Ikhwan Kim),김태현(Taehyoun Kim) 한국정보과학회 2015 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.21 No.3
다양한 산업 자동화 분야에 활용되고 있는 모션 제어 시스템의 핵심 요소인 모션 제어기는 모션 명령의 전송의 주기성과 각 모터 드라이브 간 동작시점의 편차 최소화 등 실시간 성능 요구사항을 가진다. 이러한 요구사항을 만족시키기 위해 모션 제어기는 전통적으로 하드웨어 중심의 전용기 형태로 구현되어 왔으나 시스템 간 호환성과 확장성의 한계로 소프트웨어 중심의 범용 모션 제어기로 대체되는 추세이다. 한편 최근에는 저비용, 고성능의 범용 임베디드 플랫폼을 이용한 모션 제어기에 대한 관심도 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고정밀 모션 제어 응용을 위해 ARM 기반 범용 임베디드 보드 상에서 Xenomai 기반 임베디드 제어기를 오픈소스 소프트웨어로 구현한 결과를 제시한다. 구현된 임베디드 제어기의 성능 평가를 위해 실제 응용 상황에서 측정 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험 결과 구현된 제어기는 드라이브 3개를 2 ms 제어주기로 동시 구동하는 환경에서도 안정적인 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Motion control systems are widely deployed in various industrial automation processes. The motion controller, which is a key element of motion control systems, has stringent real-time constraints. The controller must provide a short and deterministic control message transmission cycle, and minimize the actuation deviation among motor drives. To meet these requirements, hardwarebased proprietary controllers have been prevalent. However, since it is becoming difficult for such an approach to meet increasing needs of system interoperability and scalability, nowadays, softwarebased universal motion controllers are regarded as their substitutes. Recently, embedded motion controller solutions are gaining attention due to low cost and relatively high performance. In this paper, we designed and implemented an embedded motion controller on an ARM-based evaluation board by using Xenomai real-time kernel and other open source software components. We also measured and analyzed the performance of our embedded controller under a realistic test-bed environment. The experimental results show that our embedded motion controller can provide relatively deterministic performance with synchronized control of three motor axis at 2 ms control cycle.
농산물에서 분리한 무름병균의 항생제 최소 억제농도 조사
김다운(Dawoon Kim),김나예슬(Nayeseul Kim),김채린(Chaerin Kim),정명인(Myung-In Jeong),오광교(Kwang Kyo Oh),김보은(Bo-Eun Kim),류재기(Jae-Gee Ryu),정지은(Jieun Jung),지삼녀(Samnyu Jee),류경열(Kyoung-Yul Ryu) 한국농약과학회 2021 농약과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum(Pcc) causes the destructive bacterial soft rot on a wide range of crops in Korea. This study was conducted to elucidate the characteristics and antimicrobial response of soft rot isolates collected from chinese cabbage, radish and potato cultivation areas. The pathogenicity on potato, carrot, chinese cabbage and lettuce were evaluated according to severity of bacterial soft rot at different temperature after inoculation. Isolates collected from winter chinese cabbage showed strong pathogenicity in four tested crop and produced the similar symptom in wide range temperature from 10 to 30oC. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of streptomycin and tetracycline were investigated for 76 soft rot isolates obtained from different cultivation regions. The soft rot bacteria showed the various response against two agricultural antibiotics, and four isolates were not inhibited at over 100 μg/mL concentration of streptomycin. Recently isolated soft rot bacteria showed over the two times high minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin and tetracycline compared to them isolated 20 years ago. Also, the soft rot bacteria were tested minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 antibiotics using sensititre instrument system and showed minimum inhibitory concentration against nalidixic acid ranged from 2 to 128 μg/mL. These results provide the fundamental information on change of antibiotics response associated with soft rot bacteria and the further studies are necessary for management of agricultural antibiotics resistance.
A 40-GHz Mirrored-Cascode Differential Transimpedance Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS
Kim, Sang Gyun,Hong, Chaerin,Eo, Yun Seong,Kim, Jihoon,Park, Sung Min IEEE 2019 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.54 No.5
<P>This paper presents a fully differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA) realized in a standard 65-nm CMOS process, where a novel mirrored-cascode (MC) input configuration is proposed for differential signaling, i.e., an NMOS cascode amplifier with a resistive feedback for negative output and its MC amplifier via an ac-coupling capacitor for positive output. For bandwidth extension, the third-order asymmetric transformers were carefully employed. Measured results of the proposed MC differential (MCD) TIA demonstrate 54-dB <TEX>$\Omega $</TEX> transimpedance gain, 40-GHz bandwidth for 50-fF photodiode capacitance, <TEX>$19.8-\text{pA}/\sqrt {\mathrm {Hz}}$</TEX> average noise current spectral density, ±10-ps group delay variation, and 55.2-mW power consumption. Eye diagrams for 32 Gb/s 2<SUP>15</SUP> –1 pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) were measured with the input currents of 100–1.5 mApp. The chip occupies the area of 0.6 mm<SUP>2</SUP> including I/O pads.</P>
관찰을 강조한 과학 탐구 수업에 대한 고등학생들의 인식
김채린(Chaerin Kim),최원호(Wonho Choi) 순천대학교 교육과학연구소 2024 현장수업연구 Vol.5 No.1
본 연구에서는 관찰을 강조한 탐구 수업에 대한 고등학생의 인식을 조사하였다. 이 수업은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 이용하여 하루 5시간씩 6일 동안 진행하였으며, 학생들은 3인 1조로 물질의 끓는점과 어는점 주제 중 하나를 선택하여 참여하였다. 학생들은 연구 문제를 포함하여 모든 문제 해결 과정에 주도적으로 참여하였다. 보고서 분석에서 나타난 학생들의 논증 수준은 수업이 진행되면서 대체로 증가하였다. 학생들은 관찰 결과를 진술하는 활동이 자신의 탐구 능력 향상에 도움 되었다고 응답하였으며, 그 이유로 상세한 관찰로 인해 다양한 관찰이 가능하다는 것을 제시하였다. 그리고 관찰 결과를 이용한 주장의 타당성 설명이 자신의 논증 능력 향상에 도움이 되었다고 응답하였으며, 자신의 관찰로 주장의 타당성을 설명하는 활동을 통해 보고서의 일관성을 유지할 수 있었고, 이 과정을 반복하였기 때문에 논리적으로 사고할 수 있었다고 응답하였다. In this study, we investigated high school students’ perceptions of inquiry classes focused on observation. This class was conducted for 6 days, 5 hours a day, using science writing heuristic, and students participated in groups of 3 by choosing one of the topics of boiling and freezing points of substances. Students actively participated in all problem-solving processes, including the research problem. The level of students’ argumentation shown in the report analysis generally increased as the class progressed. Students responded that the activity of stating observation results helped improve their inquiry ability, and for that reason, they suggested that various observations were possible due to detailed observations. In addition, he responded that explaining the validity of the argument using the observation helped improve his argumentation ability, and that he was able to maintain the consistency of the report through activities to explain the validity of the argument with his observation, and that he was able to think logically because he repeated this process.
A Linear-Mode LiDAR Sensor Using a Multi-Channel CMOS Transimpedance Amplifier Array
Hong, Chaerin,Kim, Seung-Hoon,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Park, Sung Min IEEE 2018 IEEE Sensors Journal Vol. No.
<P>This paper presents a linear-mode optical sensor for the feasible applications of unmanned vehicle LiDAR systems, in which a pulsed-erbium fiber laser is exploited as a light source and a 16-channel transimpedance amplifier (TIA) array is utilized in an optical Rx module with low-cost InGaAs PIN photodiodes. In particular, a voltage-mode CMOS feedforward (VCF-TIA) is newly proposed to achieve twice higher transimpedance gain with lower noise and similar bandwidth characteristics than a conventional inverter TIA, thereby enabling longer detection. Test chips of the 16-channel VCF-TIA array realized in a standard 0.18- <TEX>$\mu \text{m}$</TEX> CMOS process demonstrate 76.3-dB <TEX>$\Omega $</TEX> transimpedance gain, 6.3-pA/sqrt(Hz) average noise current spectral density, less than −33-dB crosstalk between channels, and 29.8-mW power dissipation per channel from a single 1.8-V supply. Automatic gain control is also equipped to extend input dynamic range for near-range detection. Hence, the proposed linear-mode optical sensor clearly detects the reflected optical pulses from the target of 5% reflection rate within the range of 0.5–25 m.</P>