Prediction of Future Milk Yield with Random Regression Model Using Test-day Records in Holstein Cows

Park, Byoungho,Lee, Deukhwan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.7

Various random regression models with different order of Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental and genetic effects were constructed to predict future milk yield of Holstein cows in Korea. A total of 257,908 test-day (TD) milk yield records from a total of 28,135 cows belonging to 1,090 herds were considered for estimating (co)variance of the random covariate coefficients using an expectation-maximization REML algorithm in an animal mixed model. The variances did not change much between the models, having different order of Legendre polynomial, but a decreasing trend was observed with increase in the order of Legendre polynomial in the model. The R-squared value of the model increased and the residual variance reduced with the increase in order of Legendre polynomial in the model. Therefore, a model with $5^{th}$ order of Legendre polynomial was considered for predicting future milk yield. For predicting the future milk yield of cows, 132,771 TD records from 28,135 cows were randomly selected from the above data by way of preceding partial TD record, and then future milk yields were estimated using incomplete records from each cow randomly retained. Results suggested that we could predict the next four months milk yield with an error deviation of 4 kg. The correlation of more than 70% between predicted and observed values was estimated for the next four months milk yield. Even using only 3 TD records of some cows, the average milk yield of Korean Holstein cows would be predicted with high accuracy if compared with observed milk yield. Persistency of each cow was estimated which might be useful for selecting the cows with higher persistency. The results of the present study suggested the use of a $5^{th}$ order Legendre polynomial to predict the future milk yield of each cow.

Genomic partitioning of growth traits using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array in Hanwoo (Korean cattle)

Park Mi Na,서동원,Chung Ki-Yong,이수현,정윤지,Lee Hyo-Jun,이준헌,Park Byoungho,최태정,이승환 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.10

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the number of loci affecting growth traits and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on growth traits, and to understand the genetic architecture for growth traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic partitioning, and hierarchical Bayesian mixture models.Methods: GWAS: A single-marker regression-based mixed model was used to test the association between SNPs and causal variants. A genotype relationship matrix was fitted as a random effect in this linear mixed model to correct the genetic structure of a sire family. Genomic restricted maximum likelihood and BayesR: A priori information included setting the fixed additive genetic variance to a pre-specified value; the first mixture component was set to zero, the second to 0.0001×σ_g^2, the third 0.001 × σ_g^2, d the fourth to 0.01 × σ_g^2. BayesR fixed a priori information was not more than 1% of the genetic variance for each of the SNPs affecting the mixed distribution.Results: The GWAS revealed common genomic regions of 2 Mb on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) and 3 had a moderate effect that may contain causal variants for body weight at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. This genomic region explained approximately 10% of the variance against total additive genetic variance and body weight heritability at 12, 18, and 24 months. BayesR identified the exact genomic region containing causal SNPs on BTA14, 3, and 22. However, the genetic variance explained by each chromosome or SNP was estimated to be very small compared to the total additive genetic variance. Causal SNPs for growth trait on BTA14 explained only 0.04% to 0.5% of the genetic varianceConclusion: Segregating mutations have a moderate effect on BTA14, 3, and 19; many other loci with small effects on growth traits at different ages were also identified.

Estimation of environmental effects and genetic parameters of carcass traits on Chikso (Korean brindle cattle)

Park, Byoungho,Choi, Tae Jeong,Park, Mi Na,Oh, Sang-Hyon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement. Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs. Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo's. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo. Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.

Multiple sound sources localization using the spatially mapped GCC functions

Byoungho Kwon,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

A variety of methods for sound source localization have been developed recently and applied to several applications such as surveillance, auditory scene analysis for hearing aids, robot auditory system and so on. In the previous work, we proposed the sound source localization using the spatially mapped GCC functions based on TDOA under the single source assumption for robot auditory system. However, multi-talker case is general in human-robot interaction. Therefore, multiple source localization approaches are necessary. In this paper, we confirm the feasibility of multiple sources localization of the proposed method with white noise signals. Experimental results with white noise signals show that it is possible for the proposed method to estimate the multiple sources location when sources are uncorrelated and we can kwon that peak value of the summed GCC function depends on the source power. Moreover, experiments with human speeches in the real environment are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. These results observe that the proposed method can estimate the multiple source locations precisely and simultaneously.

Sound Source Localization for Robot Auditory System Using the Summed GCC Method

Byoungho Kwon,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

A variety of methods for sound source localization applied to robot auditory system have been developed. Most of them mainly depend on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between microphones because of light computational load and easy application. Generally, possible region to localize the source, whatever localization methods are used, depends on the number of microphones. In case of the localization method based on TDOA, minimum four microphones which don’ all lie in the same plane are needed to estimate the source direction in 3D space. However, the new approach based on the summed GCC method can estimate the source direction in 3D space utilizing three microphones only and the platform effect. Because microphones for the robot auditory system are usually installed on the outer robot platform the proposed algorithm is quite suitable for robot applications. Difference between mapping functions caused by robot platform makes the source localization in 3D space with three microphones only be possible. We have shown a case where the sound source localization in some restricted region of the 3D space is possible by using the proposed approach through the ideal simulation.

Analysis of the GCC-PHAT technique for multiple sources

Byoungho Kwon,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Techniques to estimate the time delay of arrival (TDOA) using the measurements of the acoustic signals by microphones have been studied in various fields such as the robot auditory system, teleconference system and speech recognition system [1]. One common method of determining TDOA is to compute the cross correlation function. The Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) method, which calculates the correlation function by using inverse Fourier transformation of the cross power spectral density function multiplied by the proper weighting function, was proposed by Knapp and Cater in 1976. This method analyzed the weighting functions to estimate the optimal TDOA for a single source. In this paper, we derived the cross correlation function by GCC method with PHAT weighting function for multiple sources and ascertained the relationship between the correlation value and source characteristics. Moreover, we compared the derived GCC function for two sources case with the real GCC function calculated by the actual signals and verified their similarity.

Genomic selection through single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction improves the accuracy of evaluation in Hanwoo cattle

Park Mi Na,Alam Mahboob,김시동,Park Byoungho,이승환,이성수 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.10

Objective: Genomic selection (GS) is becoming popular in animals’ genetic development. We, therefore, investigated the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) as tool for GS, and compared its efficacy with the traditional pedigree BLUP (pedBLUP) method. Methods: A total of 9,952 males born between 1997 and 2018 under Hanwoo proven-bull selection program was studied. We analyzed body weight at 12 months and carcass weight (kg), backfat thickness, eye muscle area, and marbling score traits. About 7,387 bulls were genotyped using Illumina 50K BeadChip Arrays. Multiple-trait animal model analyses were performed using BLUPF90 software programs. Breeding value accuracy was calculated using two methods: i) Pearson’s correlation of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) with EBV of all animals (rM1) and ii) correlation using inverse of coefficient matrix from the mixed-model equations (rM2). Then, we compared these accuracies by overall population, info-type (PHEN, phenotyped-only; GEN, genotyped-only; and PH+GEN, phenotyped and genotyped), and bull-types (YBULL, young male calves; CBULL, young candidate bulls; and PBULL, proven bulls). Results: The rM1 estimates in the study were between 0.90 and 0.96 among five traits. The rM1 estimates varied slightly by population and info-type, but noticeably by bull-type for traits. Generally average rM2 estimates were much smaller than rM1 (pedBLUP, 0.40 to0.44; ssGBLUP, 0.41 to 0.45) at population level. However, rM2 from both BLUP models varied noticeably across info-types and bull-types. The ssGBLUP estimates of rM2 in PHEN, GEN, and PH+ GEN ranged between 0.51 and 0.63, 0.66 and 0.70, and 0.68 and 0.73, respectively. In YBULL, CBULL, and PBULL, the rM2 estimates ranged between 0.54 and 0.57, 0.55 and 0.62, and 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. The pedBLUP based rM2 estimates were also relatively lower than ssGBLUP estimates. At the population level, we found an increase in accuracy by 2.0% to 4.5% among traits. Traits in PHEN were least influenced by ssGBLUP (0% to 2.0%), whereas the highest positive changes were in GEN (8.1% to 10.7%). PH+GEN also showed 6.5% to 8.5% increase in accuracy by ssGBLUP. However, the highest improvements were found in bull-types (YBULL, 21% to 35.7%; CBULL, 3.3% to 9.3%; PBULL, 2.8% to 6.1%). Conclusion: A noticeable improvement by ssGBLUP was observed in this study. Findings of differential responses to ssGBLUP by various bulls could assist in better selection decision making as well. We, therefore, suggest that ssGBLUP could be used for GS in Hanwoo proven-bull evaluation program.

SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION IN THE NON FREE-FIELD CONDITION

Byoungho Kwon,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

내부 음장 예측을 통한 능동 소음제어 창문

권병호(Byoungho Kwon),박영진(Youngjin Park),박윤식(Youn-sik Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2010 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.4

능동 소음제어 창문의 스피커 배치에 따른 제어 성능 비교

권병호(Byoungho Kwon),박영진(Youngjin Park),박윤식(Youn-sik Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2010 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10